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FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 12. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Ventral view, with the periotic in place. l, lateral; p, posterior. Dashed magenta line, (maximum) estimated shape of the missing tip of the anterior process, based on the limited room left by the posterodorsal part of the pseudoval foramen and the shape and curvature of the preserved part of the anterior process of the periotic; pink surface, pseudoval process. Scale bar: 10 cm.

FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 21. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Posterior view. d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 10 cm. TABLE 6. — Measurements of periotic foramina in mm.

FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 20. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic in situ in squamosal. Light blue line, burrow. Ventral view.

FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 19. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Right periotic: E, posterior view; F, lateroventral view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; l, lateral. Scale bar: 5 cm.

FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 15. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype. Medial view without periotic. d, dorsal; l, lateral; p, posterior. Stereo image. Scale bars: 10 cm.

FIG. 5. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 5. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.; MAB 010293, holotype. The neurocranium of Persufflatius n. gen. compared to the outline drawings of Pelocetus, Atlanticetus, Parietobalaena, Piscobalaena (a typical Cetotheriidae) and Balaenoptera acutorostrata (a typical derived Balaenopteridae). Notice the rounded, bulbous, 'inflated' shape of the postglenoid process, the exoccipital, the anterior squamosal and the supraoccipital (arrows).

FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 4. — Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp., MAB 010293, holotype, partial right neurocranium: A, posterior view; B, posterodorsal view; C, dorsal view; D, anterior view; E, anteroventral-ventral view (with periotic removed); F, anteroventral view (with periotic in place). Colour images: original; grey images: reconstruction of the left side by mirroring the original. Scale bar: 30 cm.

FIG. 27. — A in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 27. — A, Consensus tree of the matrix based on Bisconti et al. 2020. The numbers at the nodes are Bremer support values.

FIG. 25 in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 25. — Camera lucida drawings of the bone samples shown in Fig. 24: A, anterior parietal (at vertex); compactness: 0.545; B, pterygoid-squamosal suture; compactness: 0.631; C, anteroventral squamosal border; compactness: 0.594; D, posterior fracture of anterior supraoccipital; compactness: 0.836; E, postglenoid process; compactness: 0.348; F, jugular notch; compactness: 0.461; G, medial anterior supraoccipital shield; compactness: G1, top: 0.808; G2, middle: 0.509; G3, bottom: 0.775; H, base of the zygomatic process; compactness: 0.391; I, lateral exoccipital; compactness: 0.413. The bone compactness was calculated using 'Bone ProfileR' (Girondot & Laurin 2003). Scale bar: 10 mm. See also Table 4.

FIG. 24 in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 24. — Series of bone samples of the neurocranium of the holotype (MAB 010293), showing some different bone structures. Left, neurocranium of holotype: A, anterior view; B, posterior to posterodorsal view; C, posterodorsal view. a, anterior; d, dorsal; m, medial; l, lateral. Magenta ovals show positions where the bone samples were taken. Scale bar: 10 cm exept photos of the bone samples (on the right), to the same scale (10 mm).

FIG. 3 in The discovery of a Balaenomorpha (Persufflatius renefraaijeni n. gen., n. sp.) from the upper Miocene of the Netherlands sheds new light on the cranial anatomy of archaic rorqual relatives

FIG. 3. — Distribution chart of palynomorphs in the sandy sample, the newly defined specimen (MAB 010293) was dated from. The sample, consisting of fine glauconitic sand, was intercalated between the periotic and the squamosal of the holotype. Abbreviations: SP, sporomorphs; MP, miscellaneous palynomorphs.

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Fig. 1 et 2 Viettealna griveaudi n. gen., n in Genres nouveaux, espèces nouvelles de Cigales malgaches [Hom.]

Fig. 1 et 2 Viettealna griveaudi n. gen., n. sp., Holotype ♂ l, en vue dorsale (G><1,9) 2 vue de profil du système acoustique (G 10!

Fig. 42 in Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China

Fig. 42. The ecological environment of Biema qilianensis Huo & Liu gen. et sp. nov. collection area in China.

Figs 25–41 in Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China

Figs 25–41. Biema qilianensis Huo & Liu gen. et sp. nov. 25. Male, head in lateral view. 26. Female, head in frontal view. 27. Antenna, inside view. 28. Male, head in dorsal view. 29. Female, abdomen in dorsal view. 30. Male, abdomen in dorsal view. 31. Wing. 32. Male, terminalia in lateral view. 33. Male, epandrium and appendages in dorsal view. 34. Male, terminalia in ventral view. 35. Male, hypandrium and appendages in lateral view. 36. Male, epandrium and appendages in lateral view. 37. Male, superior lobe in lateral view. 38. Male, epandrium and appendages in ventral view. 39. Phallus in lateral view. 40. Phallus in dorsal view. 41. Phallus in ventral view.

Figs 5–7 in Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China

Figs 5–7. Biema wanglangensis Huo & Zhao gen. et sp. nov., paratype, ♀ (ZFMK-DIP-00097119). 5. Habitus, dorsal view. 6. Habitus, left lateral view. 7. Head, frontal view. Scale bars: 5–6 = 1 mm; 7 = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 24 in Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China

Fig. 24. The ecological environment of Biema wanglangensis Huo & Zhao gen. et sp. nov. collection area in China.

Figs 2–4 in Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China

Figs 2–4. Biema wanglangensis Huo & Zhao gen. et sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (ZFMK-DIP-00097118). 2. Habitus, dorsal view. 3. Habitus, left lateral view. 4. Head, frontal view. Scale bars: 2–3 = 1 mm; 4 = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 43 in Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China

Fig. 43. The phylogenetic tree of the tribes Bacchini Bigot, 1883 and Melanostomini Williston, 1885 based on the COI gene. Statistical support values (posterior probability) of BI methods are shown above each node. Groups resulting from jMOTU, GMYC and ABGD tests are indicated on the right side.

Figs 8−23 in Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China

Figs 8−23. Biema wanglangensis Huo & Zhao gen. et sp. nov. 8. Male, head in lateral view. 9. Male, head in dorsal view. 10. Female, head in frontal view. 11. Antenna, inside view. 12. Male, abdomen in dorsal view. 13. Female, abdomen in dorsal view. 14. Wing. 15. Male, terminalia in lateral view. 16. Male, terminalia in ventral view. 17. Male, epandrium and appendages in dorsal view. 18. Male, epandrium and appendages in ventral view. 19. Male, epandrium and appendages in lateral view. 20. Male, hypandrium and appendages in lateral view. 21. Superior lobe in lateral view. 22. Phallus. 23. Distal end of phallus in dorsal view.

Fig. 1 in Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov., a new flower fly genus (Diptera, Syrphidae) from China

Fig. 1. Known distribution of genus Biema Huo & Zhao gen. nov. in China. Pink dot represents Biema qilianensis Huo & Liu gen. et sp. nov.; black dot represents Biema wanglangensis Huo & Zhao gen. et sp. nov.; pink area represents Sichuan Province, China; grey area represents Qinghai Province, China.