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Fig. 5 in Regional differentiation of felid vertebral column evolution: a study of 3D shape trajectories

Fig. 5 Phenotypic trajectory analysis (PTA) of vertebrae in the T10–L7 region grouped by prey size (a) and locomotory (b) categories. Largersized circles show the average shape location of each individual group per

Fig. 8 in Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Fig. 8 The distribution of the wing venation types relative to the species mean sizes (log centroid size). The phylogeny is superimposed according to the reconstructed ancestral values. The character states are colourcoded same as in the Fig. 5

Fig. 7 in Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Fig. 7 Shape changes associated with the first three PCs are shown as extreme wing shapes (black shape) representing the shape of species with maximal positive and negative score of each axis comparing to the mean shape of the sample (grey shape)

Fig. 4 in Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Fig. 4 Wing venation types in Aphidiinae and number of character state changes. Distribution of veins and cells in the medial and distal part of the wing were considered, as proximal part of the wing has the same structure in all Aphidiinae. a Four cells type. b Fork type. c Axe stigma type. d H letter type. e Horse head type. f Hook type. The changes in venation are highlighted in red and marked by smaller arrows

Fig. 1 in Evolutionary relationships of wing venation and wing size and shape in Aphidiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

Fig. 1 Diversity of wing types characterized by the presence/ absence of wing veins and cells. a Ephedrus plagiator. b Pseudephedrus sp.. c Praon barbatum. d Lysiphlebus fabarum. e Aphidius ervi. f Binodoxys angelicae. Detailed wing type definition is given in the text

Fig. 38 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 38 Schematical images of major Parameciom morphospecies made according to its morphometric data (reprint of Fig. 1 from Fokin 2010/11). a P. moltimicronocleatom, b P. caodatom, c P. jenningsi, d P. schewiakoffi, e P. boetschlii sp. nov., f P. woodroffi, g P. aorelia, h

Fig. 35 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 35 Dendrogram (a) for hierarchical clustering (UPGMA) and topogram (b) for non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) of morphometric and morphobiological characteristics of 16 Parameciom species. AU P. aorelia, BU P. borsaria, CA P. caodatom, CL P. calkinsi, DU P. doboscqoi, JE P. jenningsi, MU P. moltimicronocleatom, NR P. nephridiatom, PB BEocandidatos P. brazilianum^, PG BEocandidatos P. germanicum^, PH BEocandidatos P. hungarianum^, PN P. boetschlii sp. nov., PO P. polycaryom, PU P. potrinom, SH P. schewiakoffi, WO P. woodroffi

Fig. 27–29 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 27–29 Morphology of BEocandidatos P. brazilianum^. 27 Ventral view of silver nitrate-impregnated cell. 28 General view of the Feulgenstained cell with macronucleus (MA) fragmentation and two surrounding micronuclei (indicated by arrows). 29 Nuclear apparatus of the cell with fragmented MA and surrounding micronuclei (arrows) in higher magnification. Bars 30 μm (27, 28), 15 μm (29)

Fig. 30–34 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 30–34 Morphology of BEocandidatos P. hungarianum^. 30 Living ciliate with visible contractile vacuoles (CV) and macronucleus (MA). DIC contrast. 31–32 Ventral (31) and dorsal (32) views with indications for cytoproct (C) and pores of the contractile vacuoles (PCV). Silver nitrate impregnation. 33 Nuclear apparatus of the ciliate with MA and surrounding micronuclei (indicated by arrows). Feulgen-stained cell. 34 Nuclear apparatus with MA and MI (arrows). Large magnification. Bars 15 μm (30), 13 μm (31, 32), 20 μm (33), 10 μm (34)

Fig. 17–22 in New Paramecium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea) congeners shape our view on its biodiversity

Fig. 17–22 Nuclear reorganization in P. boetschlii sp. nov. during conjugation. 17 Early micronuclear migration. 18 Prophase of the first meiotic division of the micronucleus. 19 The third synkaryon division in exconjugant. Four spindles of synkaryon derivates are marked by wedgetailed arrows; three of the four products indicated by large arrows (micronuclear anlagen) and by arrowheads (macronuclear anlagen). 20–21 Exconjugant cell with eight products of synkaryon division and fragments of the old macronucleus (bold arrow) under different magnification. 22 Exconjugant cell with more developed macronuclear anlagen. Bars 15 μm (17), 10 μm (18, 19), 30 μm (20), 15 μm (21, 22)

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Fig. 4 in Species and shape diversification are inversely correlated among gobies and cardinalfishes (Teleostei: Gobiiformes)

Fig. 4 Phylomorphospace for Gobiiformes. The phylogeny is superimposed on a plot of PC1 vs. PC2, with points color coded as indicated on the figure. Pseudamia is labeled to distinguish it from the other Apogonidae because the phylogeny indicates that it forms a lineage

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Fig. 6 Pinguicula alpina, late flower development. a Stage with ring-shaped gynoecium primordium. b-e Flowers with calyx aestivation visible. f in Inflorescence morphology and flower development in Pinguicula alpina and P. vulgaris (Lentibulariaceae: Lamiales): monosymmetric flowers are always lateral and occurrence of early sympetaly

Fig. 6 Pinguicula alpina, late flower development. a Stage with ring-shaped gynoecium primordium. b-e Flowers with calyx aestivation visible. f Flower with lower lip sepals removed to show young spur of corolla. Abbreviations: g, gynoecium; pl, lower lip petals; pu, upper lip petals; s, spur, sl, lower lip sepals; su, upper lip sepals; st, stamen. Scale bars 0100 μm (a), 200 μm (b), 300 μm (e), 500 μm (c, d), 1,000 μm (f)

Fig. 4 a–d in Interspecific shape divergence in Aphodiini dung beetles: the case of Amidorus obscurus and A. immaturus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

Fig. 4 a–d. Scatterplots of the first two relative warp scores obtained from the relative warps analysis of male genital discs and epipharynges of larvae of A. immaturus (black symbols) and A. obscurus (grey symbols). a Genital disc: 1st instar (percentages of the explained variance: RW_1 =60.93%, RW_2 =15.19%), and b 2nd

Fig. 3 in Interspecific shape divergence in Aphodiini dung beetles: the case of Amidorus obscurus and A. immaturus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

Fig. 3 Scatterplots of the first two relative warp scores obtained from the relative warps analysis of a the head (percentages of the explained variance: RW_1= 35.39%, RW_2= 25.63%,), b pronotum (RW_1= 69.64%, RW_2 = 12.32%), c scutellum (RW_1 =30.58%, RW_2=

Fig. 1 a–d in Interspecific shape divergence in Aphodiini dung beetles: the case of Amidorus obscurus and A. immaturus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

Fig. 1 a–d. Amidorus obscurus, for each anatomical structure the number (NL) and position of landmarks are shown. a Epipharynx. Left: acronyms of parts of the structure; right position of chosen landmarks (NL =9); Ty tylus, Ch chaetopariae, Ep epitorma, Pr proplegmatium, Ap apotorma, De dexiotorma, Ne nesium, Cr crepis, Pt pternotorma. b Pronotum (NL= 16). c Head (NL =6). d Scutellum (NL= 5). In the pronotum configuration (b), the points 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14 and 15 were treated as semi-landmarks, the others as landmarks. Bars a, b 2 mm; c, d 1 mm

Fig. 2 a, b in Interspecific shape divergence in Aphodiini dung beetles: the case of Amidorus obscurus and A. immaturus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)

Fig. 2 a, b. Epipharynx of the larval instars with 9 landmarks (a), and male genital disc with 7 landmarks (b). Bars 0.2 mm

Fig. 8 in Evolutionary body shape diversification of the endemic Cyprinoidei fishes from the Balkan's Dinaric karst

Fig. 8 Mapping BI phylogeny onto a plot of the first two principal components of A the covariance matrix among species means (uncorrected shape data) and B the covariance matrix of residuals from the regression of independent contrast of shape to independent contrasts of CS (size-corrected shape data). Deformation grids represent body shape changes from the reconstructed ancestral body shape at the root for Aulopyge huegelii, Delminichthys ghetaldii, Phoxinellus alepidotus, Phoxinus karsticus, Phoxinus sp. 1 clade 2 sensu Palandačić et al. (2017), Squalius svallize, Telestes dabar and Telestes metohiensis. The magnitude of the variability explained by PCs axes is given in parentheses. The tips of the terminal branches indicate the location of the mean taxon shape in the morphospace. The position of the internal nodes was reconstructed by applying the criterion of squared change parsimony

Fig. 7 in Evolutionary body shape diversification of the endemic Cyprinoidei fishes from the Balkan's Dinaric karst

Fig. 7 UPGMA phenogram based on matrix of A Procrustes distances and B Mahalanobis distances of Aulopyge huegelii, Delminichthys ghetaldii, Phoxinellus alepidotus, Phoxinus karsticus, Phoxinus

Fig. 6 in Evolutionary body shape diversification of the endemic Cyprinoidei fishes from the Balkan's Dinaric karst

Fig. 6 Allometry of the body shape of eight fish species expressed as multivariate regression scores against centroid size. The deformation grids represent predicted body shape change from the smallest A to the largest B centroid size value

Fig. 2 in Evolutionary body shape diversification of the endemic Cyprinoidei fishes from the Balkan's Dinaric karst

Fig. 2 The positions of landmarks used for morphometric analysis: (1) snout tip; (2) most anterior point of the eye outline; (3) most posterior point of the eye outline; (4) posterio-ventral corner of the preopercular; (5) dorsal insertion of pectoral fin; (6) posterior most edge of operculum; (7) anterior insertion of pelvic fin; (8) anterior point of anal fin; (9) ventral origin of caudal fin; (10) posterior point of lateral line; (11) dorsal origin of caudal fin; (12) posterior inserion of dorsal fin; (13) anterior insertion of dorsal fin