Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: Use of a rostral appendage during social interactions in the Ecuadorian Anolis proboscis

The use of sexually selected characters in inter- and intra-sexual interactions has long been of interest to evolutionary biologists. Recently, a distinction between sexually selected traits as ornaments versus weapons has been advanced. We investigated the behaviour of an enigmatic lizard with a prominent sexually dimorphic trait in an effort to describe whether the trait was the product of sexual selection and further whether it functioned as a weapon or an ornament. The subject of our study was the Ecuadorian proboscis anole (Anolis proboscis), a slow-moving cryptic species endemic to the north-western slopes of the Andes in Ecuador. Males, but not females, of this species bear a rostral appendage that has been described as an exaggerated trait resulting from sexual selection. However, a thorough description of the use of the rostral appendage in social interactions is lacking. Here, we describe social interactions of this species during 11 male–female courtships and mating interactions, as well as three male–male agonistic interactions. We describe four types of displays by males, many involving the rostral appendage. We found that the rostral appendage is used as an ornament in social displays but not as a weapon in combat. We also show that, unlike other lizards with rostral appendages, male A. proboscis hatch with this structure already developed.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Antimicrobial Compounds in the Volatilome of Social Spider Communities

This data set contains the raw GC-MS data in cdf-format of the corresponding publication.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Impacts of additional noise on the social interactions of a cooperatively breeding fish

Anthropogenic noise is a global pollutant known to affect the behaviour of individual animals in all taxa studied. However, there has been relatively little experimental testing of the effects of additional noise on social interactions between conspecifics, despite these forming a crucial aspect of daily life for most species. Here we use established paradigms to investigate how white-noise playback affects both group defensive actions against an intruder and associated within-group behaviours in a model fish species, the cooperatively breeding cichlid Neolamprologus pulcher. Additional noise did not alter defensive behaviour, but did result in changes to within-group behaviour. Both dominant and subordinate females, but not the dominant male, exhibited less affiliation and showed a tendency to produce more submissive displays to groupmates when there was additional noise compared to control conditions. Our experimental results therefore indicate the potential for anthropogenic noise to affect social interactions between conspecifics and that there can be intraspecific variation in the impacts of this global pollutant.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: A metatranscriptomic analysis of diseased social wasps (Vespula vulgaris) for pathogens, with an experimental infection of larvae and nests

Social wasps are a major pest in many countries around the world. Pathogens may influence wasp populations and could provide an option for population management via biological control. We investigated the pathology of nests of apparently healthy common wasps, Vespula vulgaris, with nests apparently suffering disease. First, next-generation sequencing and metatranscriptomic analysis were used to examine pathogen presence. The transcriptome of healthy and diseased V. vulgaris showed 27 known microbial phylotypes. Four of these were observed in diseased larvae alone (Aspergillus fumigatus, Moellerella wisconsensis, Moku virus, and the microsporidian Vavraia culicis). Kashmir Bee Virus (KBV) was found to be present in both healthy and diseased larvae. Moellerella wisconsensis is a human pathogen that was potentially misidentified in our wasps by the MEGAN analysis: it is more likely to be the related bacteria Hafnia alvei that is known to infect social insects. The closest identification to the putative pathogen identified as Vavraia culicis was likely to be another microsporidian Nosema vulgaris. PCR and subsequent Sanger sequencing using published or our own designed primers, confirmed the identity of Moellerella sp. (which may be Hafnia alvei), Aspergillus sp., KBV, Moku virus and Nosema. Secondly, we used an infection study by homogenising diseased wasp larvae and feeding them to entire nests of larvae in the laboratory. Three nests transinfected with diseased larvae all died within 19 days. No pathogen that we monitored, however, had a significantly higher prevalence in diseased than in healthy larvae. RT-qPCR analysis indicated that pathogen infections were significantly correlated, such as between KBV and Aspergillus sp. Social wasps clearly suffer from an array of pathogens, which may lead to the collapse of nests and larval death.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Social contact data for the Netherlands

Social contact data for the Netherlands.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Google Scholar as a Data Source for Research Assessment in the Social Sciences

Column 1 Source Data sources that the publications retrieved. Values for this column are “Google Scholar”, “Scopus”, and “Web of Science”. Column 2 Authors The authors of the publications. This column is kept as additional information for verification of data. Not used in the analysis, it has not been standardized. Column 3 Title Titles of the publications. For non-English publications, English titles, if available, are kept in this column. Otherwise, the original titles have been entered. The headings were checked and errors and omissions were corrected. Corrected titles are marked in red. Column 4 Title translated with Google Translate In this Column, the English translated titles of the publications that do not have English titles are kept. Google Translate is used for detecting the language and translation. For publications with an English title, the expression [Title in English] has been entered. The translations of the original titles kept in this field were used in the analysis made through VOSviewer. It is marked in red as it is newly added data. Column 5 Language Language of the publications. The languages of all publications were checked, missing data were completed and errors were corrected. If the language of the publication could not be determined, the value is [Not found]. The cells with addition or correction are marked in red. Column 6 Document type Types of the documents. For all publications, publication type information was checked, missing ones were completed and corrections were made. All intervened cells are marked in red. Article and Review types are referred to as “Article” in the text. Column 7 Full-text available Values for this column are “Yes” and “No”. The values for this column are Yes and No. If there is access to the full text of the publication via the web, "Yes", otherwise the "No" value has been entered. Column 8 On research evaluation Values for this column are “Yes” and “No”. Using the title and/or abstract information, it was tried to determine whether the publications were related to the research evaluation. “Yes”, if found relevant, and “No” if not. It is marked in red as it is newly added data. Column 9 Publication year The publication years of the documents. If the publication years are missing, they have been completed. The current publication years have been checked and corrected if necessary. If the year of publication could not be found, it is indicated as [Not found]. Column 10 English abstract Abstracts of the publications. If there is an accessible/available English abstract for the publication, it is kept in this column. [Not found/Not available] for missing values. Abstracts that were added, changed, corrected, or completed are marked in red.

Behavioral and chemical composition data for: Maternal and personal information mediates the use of social cues about predation risk

Organisms can gain information about predation risks from their parents, their own personal experience, and their conspecifics and adjust their behavior to alleviate these risks. These different sources of information can, however, provide conflicting information due to spatial and temporal variation of the environment. This raises the question of how these cues are integrated to produce adaptive antipredator behavior. We investigated how common lizards (Zootoca vivipara) adjust the use of conspecific cues about predation risk depending on whether the information is maternally or personally acquired. We experimentally manipulated the presence of predator scent in gestating mothers and their offspring in a full-crossed design. We then tested the consequences for social information use by monitoring offspring social response to conspecifics previously exposed to predator cues or not. Lizards were more attracted to the scent of conspecifics having experienced predation cues when they had themselves no personal information about predation risk. In contrast, they were more repulsed by conspecific scent when they had personally obtained information about predation risk. However, the addition of maternal information about predation risk canceled out this interactive effect between personal and social information: lizards were slightly more attracted to conspecific scent when these two sources of information about predation risk were in agreement. A chemical analysis of lizard scent revealed that exposure to predator cues modified the chemical composition of lizard scents, a change that might underlie lizards' use of social information. Our results highlight the importance of considering multiple sources of information while studying antipredator defenses.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Jul 2021View details →

fMRI free-viewing data, resting-state and structural in macaques associated with publication 'Social prediction modulates activity of macaque superior temporal cortex'

Using a free-viewing and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we show that activity in a region of the macaque middle superior temporal (midSTS) cortex was specifically modulated by the predictability of social interactions. This region could be distinguished from other temporal regions involved in face processing. Using resting-state fMRI in anesthetized macaques, we showed that the connectivity between the face-responsive areas and the social prediction area was more integrated in macaques than in humans. We reproduce the social prediction results in a replication study and provide a control to rule out oculomotor implication through the FEF in the social prediction activity of the midSTS, using Transcranial Ultrasound Stimulation. Using standard geometric shape movement stimuli, we also show that macaques do not attribute mental state to shapes.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

Data from: Performance of social network sensors during Hurricane Sandy

Information flow during catastrophic events is a critical aspect of disaster management. Modern communication platforms, in particular online social networks, provide an opportunity to study such flow and derive early-warning sensors, thus improving emergency preparedness and response. Performance of the social networks sensor method, based on topological and behavioral properties derived from the "friendship paradox", is studied here for over 50 million Twitter messages posted before, during, and after Hurricane Sandy. We find that differences in users' network centrality effectively translate into moderate awareness advantage (up to 26 hours); and that geo-location of users within or outside of the hurricane-affected area plays a significant role in determining the scale of such an advantage. Emotional response appears to be universal regardless of the position in the network topology, and displays characteristic, easily detectable patterns, opening a possibility to implement a simple "sentiment sensing" technique that can detect and locate disasters.

Personality predicts innovation and social learning in children; Implications for cultural evolution

Innovation and social learning are the pillars of cultural evolution, allowing cultural behaviours to cumulatively advance over generations. Yet, little is known about individual differences in the use of social and asocial information. We examined whether personality influenced children's propensity to observe others or independently generate solutions to novel problems. Conscientiousness was associated with electing for no demonstrations, while agreeableness was associated with opting for demonstrations. For children receiving demonstrations, openness to experience consistently predicted deviation from observed methods. Children who opted for no demonstrations were also more likely than those opting for demonstrations to exhibit tool manufacture on an innovation challenge and displayed higher creativity. These results highlight how new cultural traditions emerge, establish and advance by identifying which individuals generate new cultural variants in populations and which are influential in the diffusion of these variants, and help reduce the apparent tension within the 'ratchet' of cumulative culture.

Data from: Harvest is associated with the disruption of social and fine-scale genetic structure among matrilines of a solitary large carnivore

Harvest can disrupt wildlife populations by removing adults with naturally high survival. This can reshape sociospatial structure, genetic composition, fitness, and potentially affect evolution. Genetic tools can detect changes in local, fine-scale genetic structure (FGS) and assess the interplay between harvest-caused social and FGS in populations. We used data on 1,614 brown bears, Ursus arctos, genotyped with 16 microsatellites, to investigate whether harvest intensity (mean low: 0.13 from 1990-2005, mean high: 0.28 from 2006-2011) caused changes in FGS among matrilines (8 matrilines; 109 females ≥ 4 years of age), sex-specific survival and putative dispersal distances, female spatial genetic autocorrelation, matriline persistence, and male mating patterns. Increased harvest decreased FGS of matrilines. Female dispersal distances decreased and male reproductive success was redistributed more evenly. Adult males had lower survival during high harvest, suggesting that higher male turnover caused this redistribution and helped explain decreased structure among matrilines, despite shorter female dispersal distances. Adult female survival and survival probability of both mother and daughter were lower during high harvest, indicating that matriline persistence was also lower. Our findings indicate a crucial role of regulated harvest in shaping populations, decreasing differences among 'groups', even for solitary-living species, and potentially altering the evolutionary trajectory of wild populations.

Predation risk shapes the use of conflicting personal risk and social safety information in guppies

When faced with uncertainty, animals can benefit from using multiple sources of information in order to make an optimal decision. However, information sources (e.g., social and personal cues) may conflict, while also varying in acquisition cost and reliability. Here, we assessed behavioral decisions of Trinidadian guppies (Poecilia reticulata), in situ, when presented with conflicting social and personal information about predation risk. We positioned foraging arenas within high- and low-predation streams, where guppies were exposed to a personal cue in the form of conspecific alarm cues (a known indicator of risk), a novel cue, or a control. At the same time, a conspecific shoal (a social safety cue) was either present or absent. When social safety was absent, guppies in both populations showed typical avoidance responses towards alarm cues, and high-predation guppies showed their typical avoidance of novel cues (i.e., neophobia). However, the presence of social safety cues was persuasive, overriding the neophobia of high-predation guppies and emboldening low-predation guppies to ignore alarm cues. Our experiment is one of the first to empirically assess the use of safety and risk cues in prey, and suggests a threshold level of ambient risk which dictates the use of conflicting social and personal information.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Appendix B in R. Turunen (2021). Shades of Red: Evolution of the Political Language of Finnish Socialism from the Nineteenth Century until the Civil War of 1918. The Finnish Society for Labour History.

This is Appendix B in R. Turunen (2021). Shades of Red: Evolution of the Political Language of Finnish Socialism from the Nineteenth Century until the Civil War of 1918. The Finnish Society for Labour History. The XLSX file contains words that appear more frequently than statistically expected in the socialist newspapers compared to the non-socialist newspapers. Keyness value was calculated using the log-likelihood (4-term) test. The dataset of socialist newspapers consists of the following lemmatized raw text files: Työmies 1895–1917, Kansan Lehti 1898–1917, Vapaa Sana 1906–1917 and Savon Työmies 1906–1910. The dataset of non-socialist newspapers consists of the following lemmatized raw text files: Uusi Suometar 1895–1917, Päivälehti / Helsingin Sanomat 1895–1917, Aamulehti 1895–1917, Tampereen Sanomat 1904–1917, Pohjan Poika 1906–1909, Pohjanmaa 1909–1912, Pohjalainen 1911–1915, Savotar 1906–1910 and Otava 1904–1909. Available from https://digi.kansalliskirjasto.fi/opendata. The analysis is described more carefully in R. Turunen (2021). Shades of Red: Evolution of the Political Language of Finnish Socialism from the Nineteenth Century until the Civil War of 1918. The Finnish Society for Labour History.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Handwritten newspapers used in Turunen, R. (2021). Shades of Red: Evolution of the Political Language of Finnish Socialism from the Nineteenth Century until the Civil War of 1918

This dataset contains XLSX files of five different handwritten newspapers: Kuritus (1909–1911), Palveliatar (1907–1913, 1917), Yritys (1915–1917), Tehtaalainen (1908–1914, 1917) and Nuija (1899–1903, 1907–1909, 1912, 1914–1915). The original sources and the coding scheme for the XLSX files are described in: Turunen, R. (2021). Shades of Red: Evolution of the Political Language of Finnish Socialism from the Nineteenth Century until the Civil War of 1918. The Finnish Society for Labour History.

opennotspecifiedJun 2017View details →

Figure 2 in Use of a rostral appendage during social interactions in the Ecuadorian Anolis proboscis

Figure 2. (a) Displays performed by male and female (fifth mating). (b) Beginning of chasing. Female approaches and runs past the male in the opposite direction to that in which he was facing. (c) Male bite and proboscis lifting. (d) Male stops biting and lower the rostral appendage after copulation begins. (e) Biting attempt from MIN5 (left) to MIN10 (right). (f) Proboscis used in physical contact, MIN5 (left), MIN10 (right). (g) Jaw locking between MIN27 (left) and MIN29 (right). (h) Body flattening against the branch and colour changing of MIN21 during approach and displays of MIN20. Photo credits: Diego Quirola.

opennotspecifiedJun 2017View details →

Figure 1 in Use of a rostral appendage during social interactions in the Ecuadorian Anolis proboscis

Figure 1. (a) Newly hatched Anolis proboscis male. (b) A. proboscis juvenile. (c) A. proboscis adult male. (d) A. proboscis adult female. Photo credits: Santiago Ron (a), Diego Quirola (b–d).

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Data for: Mapping the evolution of accurate Batesian mimicry of social wasps in hoverflies

Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) provide an excellent opportunity to study the evolution of Batesian mimicry, where defenceless prey avoid predation by evolving to resemble defended 'model' species. While some hoverflies beautifully resemble their hymenopteran models, others seem to be poor mimics or are apparently non-mimetic. The reasons for this variation are still enigmatic despite decades of research. Here, we address this issue by mapping social-wasp mimicry across the phylogeny of Holarctic hoverflies. Using the 'distance transform' technique, we calculate an objective measure of the abdominal pattern similarity between 167 hoverfly species and a widespread putative model, the social wasp, Vespula germanica. We find that good wasp mimicry has evolved several times, and may have also been lost, leading to the presence of non-mimics deep within clades of good mimics. Body size was positively correlated with similarity to the model, supporting previous findings that smaller species are often poorer mimics. Additionally, univoltine species were less accurate wasp mimics than multivoltine and bivoltine species. Hence, variation in the accuracy of Batesian mimics may reflect variation in the opportunity for selection caused by differences in prey value or signal perception (influenced by body size) and phenology or generation time (influenced by voltinism).

opennotspecifiedAug 2012View details →

Figure 1 in Social facilitation and food partitioning in the queenless ant Dinoponera quadriceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 1. Pooled results of the association between workers partitioning food (dotted line) and feeding larvae (solid line) during 21 days of experiment. To test the effects of brood on the foraging process, one or two additional fifth instar larvae were added every 2 days in the experimental colonies.

opennotspecifiedAug 2012View details →

Figure 2 in Social facilitation and food partitioning in the queenless ant Dinoponera quadriceps (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Figure 2. Mean (± standard deviation) of the total number of ants sharing prey (lower-ranked workers) and feeding larvae in brood chamber (higher-ranked workers).