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Data from: Were bivalves ecologically dominant over brachiopods in the late Paleozoic? A test using exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages
Interpreting changes in ecosystem structure from the fossil record can be challenging. In a prominent example, the traditional view that brachiopods were ecologically dominant over bivalves in the Paleozoic has been disputed on both taphonomic and metabolic grounds. Aragonitic bivalves may be underrepresented in many fossil assemblages due to preferential dissolution. Abundance counts may further understate the ecological importance of bivalves because they tend to have more biomass and higher metabolic rates than brachiopods. We evaluate the relative importance of the two clades in exceptionally preserved, bulk-sampled fossil assemblages from the Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation of Kentucky, where aragonitic bivalves are preserved as shells, not molds. At the regional scale, brachiopods were twice as abundant as bivalves and were collectively equivalent in biomass and energy use. Analyses of samples from the Paleobiology Database that contain abundance counts are consistent with these results and show no clear trend in the relative ecological importance of bivalves during the middle and late Paleozoic. Bivalves were probably more important in Paleozoic ecosystems than is apparent in many fossil assemblages, but they were not clearly dominant over brachiopods until after the Permian-Triassic extinction, which caused the shelly benthos to shift from bivalve and brachiopod dominated to merely bivalve dominated.
Figure 1 from: Horňák O, Mock A, Šarapatka B, Tuf IH (2020) Character of woodland fragments affects distribution of myriapod assemblages in agricultural landscape. In: Korsós Z, Dányi L (Eds) Proceedings of the 18th International Congress of Myriapodology, Budapest, Hungary. ZooKeys 930: 139-151. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.930.48586
Figure 1 GAM plots evaluating effect of selected measured environmental factors to communities of centipedes and millipedes a relationship between size of wood fragments and number of centipedes' species trapped b relationship between thickness of leaf litter and number of centipedes trapped c relationship between species richness of trees in sites and number of centipedes trapped d relationship between thickness of leaf litter and number of millipedes trapped. Circles on diagram represent individual fragments of woodland.
FIGURE 2 in The reef fish assemblage of the Laje de Santos Marine State Park, Southwestern Atlantic: annotated checklist with comments on abundance, distribution, trophic structure, symbiotic associations, and conservation
FIGURE 2. Habitat types found at the Laje de Santos Marine State Park.
Fig. 14 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 14. Changes in the mean weight of artefacts over time, showing the concentration of large flake implements and large flakes in unit 2a (85–105 cm below datum). Plot shows data for the Main Trench, excluding doubtful artefacts from the lower part of 2d and intrusive pits or other features. Inset shows size trend in grid square N11. Data exclude N11/24-1, a large core (101 cm below datum) weighing 2119 g.
Fig. 3 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic section, south face of the Main Trench, showing horizontal bedding of layers I–III. The inset
Fig. 8 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 8. Flakes and amorphous retouched implements from the Holocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. Artefacts 8–10 are retouched flakes. Remainder of artefacts are unmodified flakes. From unit 1c: N9/6-1, N11/ 14-7, M10/13-3, M11/10-5. From unit 1b: N11/8-5, N11/9-3, N11/10-3, N13/9-3. From unit 1a: QR9/2, M10/4-1. M11/10-5 is a chert flake with fine overhang-removal flaking along the platform edge. N13/9-3 is a chalcedony flake with a short length of retouch on one lateral edge (shown by bar) and with fine nibbling along distal margin. M10/4-1 is a retouched chalcedony flake exhibiting a prior platform.
Figs. 21–23. Ancognatha scarabaeoides. Female pupa. 21 in Description of the Immature Stages and Redescription of the Adults of Ancognatha scarabaeoides Erichson (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae), A Member of the Soil White Grub Assemblage in Colombia
Figs. 21–23. Ancognatha scarabaeoides. Female pupa. 21) dorsal view; 22) ventral view;
Results of coccolith assemblage and reconstructed primary productivity over the Holocene of marine sediment cores MD77-191 and MD98-2152
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FIGURE 4 in Rissoidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Rissooidea) from taphocoenotic assemblages of the Strait of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) with the description of two new species
FIGURE 4. Original drawing of Alvania montagui var. subampulla Zhizhchenko, 1936.
FIGURE 3 in Rissoidae (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Rissooidea) from taphocoenotic assemblages of the Strait of Sicily (Mediterranean Sea) with the description of two new species
FIGURE 3. Alvania sp., stn COR 2-53, height 2.1 mm, width 1.3 mm (MZUB).
Central and Northern European caterpillar assemblages show strong phylogenetic structure
<p class="western"><span><span><span>Phylogenetic diversity metrics have been used to tackle an increasing number of questions in ecology and evolutionary biology. Here we present a novel use of phylogenetic diversity metrics namely the investigation of insect herbivore assemblages on select plant species in order to investigate possible drivers shaping the phylogenetic structure of those assemblages.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>We investigated the phylogenetic structure of lepidopteran herbivore assemblages on 208 species of central European vascular plants. A dataset of 2553 species of Lepidoptera from 68 families, comprising 8584 individual herbivore-host associations, was analyzed for patterns of phylogenetic α- and β-diversity in relation to plant growth form, plant phylogeny and the accumulation of some characteristic major classes of secondary plant metabolites.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>Distinct patterns of phylogenetic β-diversity were detected when plants were partitioned into three growth form categories (graminoid, herbaceous, and woody). In contrast, groupings of plants according to higher taxa or key secondary metabolites did not yield similarly clear patterns. Notable exceptions were assemblages on graminoid plants, especially those containing silica, which could be distinguished by both plant phylogeny and their phytochemical characteristics. Additionally, plants containing highly toxic glucosinolates (all of the family Brassicaceae) harbor highly distinct lepidopteran assemblages. Phylogenetic α-diversity of associated caterpillars differed greatly between graminoid, herbaceous and woody plants. Assemblages on graminoid plants were found to be the most phylogenetically clustered, followed by herbs and woody plants which showed the least degree of phylogenetic clustering. In conclusion, our results indicate that the phylogenetic structure of the investigated herbivore assemblages in the nemoral and boreal zones of the Western Palaearctic region is most heavily influenced by plant growth form while categories derived from higher plant systematics or classifications reflecting secondary metabolites leave far less signal at this macroecological scale.</span></span></span></p> <p class="western"><span><span><span>The approach taken in this study proved to be very successful in identifying patterns in the phylogenetic structure of herbivore assemblages. Our findings are in line with the 'classical' plant apparency hypothesis. Plant secondary compounds were found to have only limited explanatory power on our scale of analysis.</span></span></span></p>
Fig. 2 in Long-Term Development Of Fish Assemblage In Lake Fenéki (Kis-Balaton Water Protection System, Hungary): Succession, Invasion And Stabilization
Fig. 2. Relationships between the age of Lake Fenéki and cumulative number of specimens caught in a sampling year (y = 107.7 + 9.63x; R2 = 0.654, P = 0.001)
Supplementary material 2 from: Miranda-García ML, Muñoz-Pedreros A, Norambuena HV (2021) Waterbird assemblages of inland wetlands in Chile: A meta-analysis. Nature Conservation 45: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.45.74062
Supplementary material 2
Supplementary material 1 from: Miranda-García ML, Muñoz-Pedreros A, Norambuena HV (2021) Waterbird assemblages of inland wetlands in Chile: A meta-analysis. Nature Conservation 45: 41-61. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.45.74062
Supplementary material 1
Data from: Dynamics of bird assemblages in response to temporally and spatially variable resources in arid Australia
<p>Bird assemblages in arid Australia are often characterised as being highly variable through time in response to boom and bust dynamics, although the importance of habitat in structuring assemblages at a local scale is also recognised. We use a novel approach to investigate the importance of rainfall variability in structuring bird assemblages in a resource-limited environment. Monthly bird surveys were conducted at ten plots for eight years at a botanical and zoological park in central Australia, including five irrigated plots within a fenced area and five natural plots outside. Irrigation – used to promote growth, flowering, and fruiting of plants – created an artificial resource-enhanced environment against which the response of birds to natural fluctuations in season and rainfall were compared. Species richness was generally maintained at a higher level in resource-enhanced plots during dry times but was higher in natural sites when rainfall was high, mainly due to increases in granivores and insectivores. Honeyeaters were consistently more abundant at irrigated sites. Rainfall was important in structuring bird assemblages at all plots; however, assemblages were more stable in irrigated plots and did not respond as dramatically to a period of very high rainfall. The comparative smoothing of fluctuations in the composition and abundance of birds in irrigated areas highlights the importance of primary productivity, normally tied to rainfall, in driving temporal change in arid-zone bird communities. There was also evidence that different plots in differing habitats supported distinct bird assemblages and that this spatial distinctiveness persisted irrespective of rainfall and determined, to some extent, the response to rainfall. Our study is one of few long-term studies of arid bird assemblages and highlights the importance of both long-term cycles of productivity driven by rain and season as well as site differences in the dynamics of arid zone bird communities. These insights are particularly valuable as climate change further exacerbates rainfall variability worldwide and initiatives to conserve avifauna in increasingly extreme environments may be required.</p>
Figure 7 from: Baković N, Matoničkin Kepčija R, Siemensma FJ (2022) Transitional and small aquatic cave habitats diversification based on protist assemblages in the Veternica cave (Medvednica Mt., Croatia). Subterranean Biology 42: 43-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.78037
Figure 7 Presence of guano on researched habitats (0 – absent, 1 – low quantity, 2 – medium quantity, 3 – high quantity).
Figure 3 from: Baković N, Matoničkin Kepčija R, Siemensma FJ (2022) Transitional and small aquatic cave habitats diversification based on protist assemblages in the Veternica cave (Medvednica Mt., Croatia). Subterranean Biology 42: 43-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.78037
Figure 3 ACentropyxis bipilata; B, CCyphoderia ampullaB test C collar CCryptodifflugia oviformisETrinema lineareF, GEuglypha tuberculataF test G aperture HDifflugia oblonga. Scale bars: 50 µm (A, B, H); 20 µm (F); 10 µm (C–E, G); light microscopy.
Figure 2 from: Baković N, Matoničkin Kepčija R, Siemensma FJ (2022) Transitional and small aquatic cave habitats diversification based on protist assemblages in the Veternica cave (Medvednica Mt., Croatia). Subterranean Biology 42: 43-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.78037
Figure 2 Map of the Veternica cave [adapted from Čapelak (1979)] with marked sampling sites (CP-clay pools; SP-sinter pools and HP-hygropetric).
Figure 4 from: Baković N, Matoničkin Kepčija R, Siemensma FJ (2022) Transitional and small aquatic cave habitats diversification based on protist assemblages in the Veternica cave (Medvednica Mt., Croatia). Subterranean Biology 42: 43-60. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.42.78037
Figure 4 A, BRaphidocystis marginataA LM micrograph of a living cell B REM micrograph of plate-scales and spine-scales C, DAcanthocystis myriospinaC LM micrograph of a living cell D REM micrograph of plate-scales. Scale bars: 20 µm (A, C); 2 µm (B, D); LM, light microscopy; REM, raster electron microscopy.
FIG. 9 in Étude d'un assemblage original de microvertébrés du Pléistocène moyen du nord-est de l'Algérie (Ben Kérat, Oued Zenati) et description de deux nouveaux muridés
FIG. 9. — Exemples de molaires de Praomys cf. pomeli de Ben Kérat en vue occlusale: A, m1 droite; B, m2 gauche; C, deux m3 droites; D, m3 gauche; E, M2 droite. Barre d'échelle: 0,5 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.