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9,937 results for “Endemicity”
Data from: Effects of land use change and elevation on endemic shrub frogs in a biodiversity hotspot
<p>This project contains data and codes from a study investigating the effects of land use change and elevation on endemic shrub frogs in the northern Western Ghats, India. </p> <p>Species Coverage: Though the focal species in the study are <em>Pseudophilautus amboli</em> and <em>Raorchestes bombayensis</em>, the raw data also contain the following species. <em>Duttaphrynus melanostictus, Euphlyctis sp, Hoplobatrachus tigerinus, Hydrophylax bahuvistara, Indirana chiravasi, Indirana sp, Microhyla nilphamariensis, Minervarya cepfi, Minervarya gomantaki, Minervarya sp, Nyctibatrachus petraeus, Polypedates maculatus, Pseudophilautus amboli, Ramanella variegata, Raorchestes bombayensis, Rhacophorus malabaricus, Sphaerotheca dobsonii, Uperodon mormorata, Xanthophryne tigerina</em></p> <p>Geographic Coverage: Dodamarg and Sawantwadi Taluks of the Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra State, India. (15°40’–16°0’N; 73°51’–74°9’E)</p> <p>Temporal Coverage: June, July, August, September (2022).</p> <p>Field data was collected by Himanshu Lad and Ninad Gosavi.</p> <p>More details about the data can be obtained from Himanshu Lad and Rohit Naniwadekar from the Nature Conservation Foundation (www.ncf-india.org). </p>
TABLE 2 in Seeking for gaps in taxonomic descriptions of endemic fishes: a pathway to challenge the Linnean shortfall in a Neotropical basin
<p><b>TABLE 2 |</b> Statistics of the multiple linear regression between the year of description of endemic fish species and altitude and fish body size (Cross-species analysis). P values in bold indicate significant results (p <0.05). SE = Standard error.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Estimate</b></th><th><b>SE</b></th><th><b>t value</b></th><th><b>p value</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Intercept</b></th><td>1991.44</td><td>2.378</td><td>837,28</td><td><0.001</td></tr><tr><th><b>Altitude</b></th><td>8.03</td><td>2.445</td><td>3.28</td><td><b>0.001</b></td></tr><tr><th><b>Fish body size</b></th><td>-11.05</td><td>2.445</td><td>-4.52</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>
TABLE 1 in Seeking for gaps in taxonomic descriptions of endemic fishes: a pathway to challenge the Linnean shortfall in a Neotropical basin
<p><b>TABLE 1 |</b> Statistics of the linear regression between the number of descriptions of endemic fish species and the sampling effort (Cross-sites analysis). P value in bold indicate significant results (p <0.05). SE = Standard error.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th><b>Estimate</b></th><th><b>SE</b></th><th><b>t value</b></th><th><b>p value</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><b>Intercept</b></th><td>-0.22</td><td>0.079</td><td>-2.88</td><td>0.004</td></tr><tr><th><b>Sampling effort</b></th><td>0.29</td><td>0.03</td><td>8.91</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>
Data from: Resolving the Northern Hemisphere source region for the long-distance dispersal event that gave rise to the South American endemic dung moss Tetraplodon fuegianus
Premise of the study—American bipolar plant distributions characterize taxa at various taxonomic ranks but are most common in the bryophytes at infraspecific and infrageneric levels. A previous study on the bipolar disjunction in the dung moss genus Tetraplodon found that direct long-distance dispersal from North to South in the Miocene - Pleistocene accounted for the origin of the Southern American endemic Tetraplodon fuegianus, congruent with other molecular studies on bipolar bryophytes. The previous study, however, remained inconclusive regarding a specific Northern Hemisphere source region for the trans-equatorial dispersal event that gave rise to T. fuegianus. Methods—To estimate spatial genetic structure and phylogeographic relationships within the bipolar lineage of Tetraplodon, which includes T. fuegianus, we analyzed thousands of Restriction-site Associated DNA (RADseq) loci and single nucleotide polymorphisms using Bayesian individual assignment and maximum likelihood and coalescent model based phylogenetic approaches. Key results—Northwestern North America is the most likely source of the recent ancestor to T. fuegianus. Conclusions—Tetraplodon fuegianus, which marks the southernmost populations in the bipolar lineage of Tetraplodon, arose following a single long-distance dispersal event involving a T. mnioides lineage that is now rare in the Northern Hemisphere and potentially restricted to the Pacific Northwest region of North America. Furthermore, gene flow between sympatric lineages of Tetraplodon mnioides in the Northern Hemisphere is limited, possibly due to high rates of selfing or reproductive isolation.
Image 2 in Notes on the distribution of Maesa velutina Mez Myrsinaceae - a rare and endemic plant from India
Image 2. Distribution of Maesa velutina Mez in Peninsular India
Image 1 in Notes on the distribution of Maesa velutina Mez Myrsinaceae - a rare and endemic plant from India
Image 1. Herbarium of Maesa velutina
Numbers of individuals and endemicity for birds in three study sites of the Himalayas-Hengduan mountains of China
<p>1. Describing the patterns and revealing the underlying mechanisms responsible for variations in community structure remains a central focus in ecology. However, important gaps remain, including our understanding of species abundance. Most studies on abundance-based relationships are from either temperate ecosystems or tropical ecosystems, and few have explicitly tested abundance-based relationships across a temperate to tropical ecotone.</p> <p>2. Here, we use a comprehensive dataset of breeding birds across elevation spanning a temperate to subtropical gradient in the Himalayas-Hengduan mountains of China to examine the relationship between species abundance and (1) elevational range size, (2) body size, (3) elevational range center and, (4) endemicity.</p> <p>3. We tested a priori predictions for abundance-elevational range size relationship, abundance-body size relationship, and abundance-elevational range center relationship and explored how these relationships change along this temperate to subtropical mountain ecosystem.</p> <p>4. We found that species abundance was significantly positively correlated with elevational range size across the study sites, demonstrating the key importance of elevational range size towards species abundance. Body size and elevational range center are weakly correlated with abundance. A novel finding of our study is that the abundance-elevational range size relationship gradually weakened from temperate to subtropical ecosystems, adding to a growing body of evidence suggesting that abundance-elevational range size tracks a temperate to tropical ecotone.</p> <p>5. Our study demonstrates that abundance range-size relationship can transition across ecotones where faunas of different evolutionary origins converge. Furthermore, measuring abundance relationships across different environmental variables at the same spatial scale with comparable biogeography is a key strategy that can reveal the underlying mechanisms behind abundance patterns.</p>
Pandemic, epidemic, endemic: B cell repertoire analysis reveals unique anti-viral responses to SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Respiratory Syncytial Virus
<p>VDJ gene usage, and associated amino acid sequences and properties, from healthy controls as well as patients with COVID-19, RSV or Ebola and Yellow fever vaccine recipients.</p>
Figure 2 in Endemic freshwater planarians of Sardinia: Redescription of Dugesia hepta (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) with a comparison of the Mediterranean species of the genus
Figure 2. Dugesia hepta. External features (from photographs of living specimens).
Figure 6 in Revision of the southern South American endemic genus Anomiopsoides Blackwelder, 1944 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini) and description of its food relocation behavior
Figure 6. Distributional map of Anomiopsoides heteroclyta (Blanchard).
Figure 1 in Revision of the southern South American endemic genus Anomiopsoides Blackwelder, 1944 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini) and description of its food relocation behavior
Figure 1. Habitus of Anomiopsoides heteroclyta (Blanchard).
Figure 5 in Revision of the southern South American endemic genus Anomiopsoides Blackwelder, 1944 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae: Eucraniini) and description of its food relocation behavior
Figure 5. Distributional map of Anomiopsoides cavifrons (Burmeister).
Data from: Trophic strategies of two sympatric endemic pigeons in insular ecosystems: a framework for understanding spatiotemporal frugivory interactions
<p><span><span><span><span>Pigeons are considered to play key ecological roles in frugivory and seed dispersal. They have colonised numerous oceanic islands and diversified into several species in sympatry. How these species coexist in similar niches is </span></span><span>poorly understood, although dietary separation is among the mechanisms suggested to avoid trophic </span><span><span>overlap. </span></span><span>We investigated the trophic ecology of the two endemic </span><i><span>Columba </span></i><span>species co-occurring in the laurel forest and thermosclerophyllous relicts of two of the Canary Islands. This study includes diet description in spatiotemporal terms, its relationship with fruit availability, and seed treatment in ten study areas established on La Palma and La Gomera. We used non-invasive DNA analysis to identify the faeces of the two congeneric species and microhistological methods to examine their diets. The degree of trophic overlap was evaluated by niche similarity and breadth indices. Molecular faecal sampling determined the spatiotemporal distribution of both pigeons to identify their areas of coexistence. These frugivorous pigeons' diets did not differ concerning the main plant species, but they diverged quantitatively in the proportions and parts of plants consumed. Lauraceae fruits were their staple foods, although Rhamnaceae and some Fabaceae and Solanaceae were also important. Both pigeons showed selective preferences for some fruits. Significant spatiotemporal variations in their diets were observed along with a general tendency to increase fruit intake at its ripening times. Our results suggest that different trophic strategies facilitate the coexistence of these frugivorous columbids. These pigeons act as seed dispersers and/or predators depending on seed features (size and hardness), and this may have valuable implications for their conservation.</span></span></span></p>
Figure 4 in The Herpetofauna from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): updating species composition, richness, distribution and endemisms
Figure 4. Specimen of Corallus hortulanus (not collected) found in Vila do Aventureiro village, Ilha Grande (Photo by F.B.S. Telles).
Figure 3 in The Herpetofauna from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): updating species composition, richness, distribution and endemisms
Figure 3. New records of snakes for Ilha Grande. (A) Dipsas indica (Photo by D. Cunha-Passos); (B) Echinantera cephalostriata (Photo by P. Fatorelli).
Figure 1 in The Herpetofauna from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): updating species composition, richness, distribution and endemisms
Figure 1. Image of Ilha Grande with the localities where the species were recorded, and their respective density points of species. CAX = Caxadaço trail; CDM = Costão do Demo, RBEPS; EAD = Abraão-Dois Rios road; FPS = Forest of Praia do Sul; JAR = Jararaca trail, Dois Rios; LPM = Lopes Mendes; PAP = Pico do Papagaio; PRN = Parnaioca trail; RPS = Restinga of Praia do Sul; VAB = Vila do Abraão; VAV = Vila do Aventureiro; VDR = Vila Dois Rios.
Figure 2 in The Herpetofauna from Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): updating species composition, richness, distribution and endemisms
Figure 2. New records of amphibians for Ilha Grande. (A) Ischnocnema bolbodactyla; (B) Leptodactylus latrans; (C) Leptodactylus flavopictus (Photos by F.B.S. Telles).
Figure 33 in Descriptions of New Species of the Diverse and Endemic Land Snail Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 from Rainforest Patches across the Kimberley, Western Australia (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)
Figure 33. Penial anatomy of Amplirhagada
Figure 76 in Uncovering Local Endemism in the Kimberley, Western Australia: Description of New Species of the Genus Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)
Figure 76. Interior of penial chamber
Figure 88 in Uncovering Local Endemism in the Kimberley, Western Australia: Description of New Species of the Genus Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)
Figure 88. Strict consensus of three most
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