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FIGURE 9 in New and little known mollusks from ancient chemosynthetic environments
FIGURE 9. The lucinid Cubatea asphaltica (Cooke, 1919) from the Almira asphalt mine in Bejucal, Cuba; A, B. Right valve (USNM 533988) showing details of hinge (images from Kiel and Peckmann, 2007). C-F. Original images of Cooke (1919) providing dorsal (C) and exterior (D, E) views, and details of the hinge of the left valve.
Data for: The photosynthetic response of spectral chlorophyll fluorescence differs across species and light environments in a boreal forest ecosystem
<p>Chlorophyll fluorescence can serve as a proxy of photosynthesis in boreal forests. When sustained non-photochemical quenching (NPQS) relaxes towards summer, leaf chlorophyll fluorescence (ChlF) emission increases along with photosynthesis. Yet, other physical and physiological factors can also leave a measurable imprint on the fluorescence emission spectra, and disrupt this relationship.</p> <p>We measured leaf-level spectral ChlF of Scots pine, Norway spruce and lingonberry exposed to contrasting light environments throughout the spring recovery of photosynthesis, simultaneously with a series of photosynthetic, biochemical and morphological traits. Correlations between traits and ChlF spectral components were analyzed to identify the mechanisms underlying both the spatial variation found between species and light environments, and the temporal variation found across the study period.</p> <p>Spatially, we found evidence of baseline differences in leaf-level ChlF magnitude, which we attribute to species- and light environment-specific changes in leaf morphology. Temporally, ChlF magnitude followed the relaxation of NPQS towards summer, but only in upper canopy foliage and lingonberry, suggesting a seasonal compensation effect between sustained photochemical quenching (PQS) and NPQS, potentially decoupling the seasonal relationship between ChlF and photosynthesis in shaded foliage. Finally, we show subtle changes in the shape of the ChlF spectra that took place independently of chlorophyll concentration dynamics, pointing to the complexity of NPQs which can involve structural rearrangements in the thylakoids and changes in the relative contribution of PSI to emitted ChlF.</p> <p>We conclude that the diversity of species and light environments found within an ecosystem generates a baseline level of variation in leaf spectral ChlF as well as contrasting seasonal photosynthetic acclimation patterns. These sources of variability should be taken into account when developing quantitative models for the interpretation of ChlF data, in particular for applications involving high resolution SIF imaging systems capable of resolving different plant individuals and their parts.</p>
Bird species co-occurrence patterns in an Alpine environment supports the stress gradient hypothesis
<p>Understanding the relative contribution of different biotic interactions in shaping species assemblages constitutes a major goal in community ecology and consequently, multiple methods aimed at inferring the nature of these associations have emerged during the last decade. In this framework, the stress-gradient hypothesis (SGH) predicts that prevalent biotic interactions shift from competition to facilitation as abiotic stress increases (and productivity decreases). This hypothesis originally raised by plant ecologists has been barely applied to faunal communities. Here, we take advantage of 20 years of abundance data to investigate pairwise patterns in species co-occurrence in Alpine bird communities inhabiting two contrasting habitat types; forests (high-productivity) and mountain grasslands (low-productivity). We also integrate functional data with presence-absence and quantitative matrices in order to detect the signature of processes driving community assembly and test for limiting similarity. We employed a Bayesian approach, probabilistic pairwise association tests and joint Species Distribution Models; all methods revealed a higher frequency of positive interactions in mountain grasslands in agreement with what the SGH predicts. Both the frequency of positive and negative interactions remained moderately stable over the study period in both habitat types. There was no significant relationship between the degree of co-occurrence of species pairs and their functional distance in either habitat. However, when we only considered those combinations of species whose co-occurrence pattern deviated from that expected at random, we found that co-existing species are functionally more similar than those pairs that show segregated patterns in the forest assemblages. Such a relationship may arise via selective social information use and other processes including microhabitat preferences. Overall, our findings suggest that interspecific competition does not seem to be a major force driving the structure of bird assemblages in this mountain region.</p>
Foraging in a dynamic environment: response of four sympatric sub-Antarctic albatross species to interannual environmental variability
Seasonal and annual climate variations are linked to fluctuations in the abundance and distribution of resources, posing a significant challenge to animals that need to adjust their foraging behaviour accordingly. Particularly during adverse conditions, and while energetically constrained when breeding, animals ideally need to be flexible in their foraging behaviour. Such behavioural plasticity may separate 'winners' from 'losers' in light of rapid environmental changes due to climate change. Here, the foraging behaviour of four sub-Antarctic albatross species was investigated from 2015/16 to 2017/18, a period characterized by pronounced environmental variability. Over three breeding seasons on Marion Island, Prince Edward Archipelago, incubating wandering (WA, Diomedea exulans; n=45), grey-headed (GHA, Thalassarche chrysostoma; n=26), sooty (SA, Phoebetria fusca; n=23) and light-mantled (LMSA, P. palpebrata; n=22) albatrosses were tracked with GPS loggers. The response of birds to environmental variability was investigated by quantifying inter-annual changes in their foraging behaviour along two axes: spatial distribution, using kernel density analysis, and foraging habitat preference, using generalized additive mixed models and Bayesian mixed models. All four species were shown to respond behaviourally to environmental variability, but with substantial differences in their foraging strategies. WA was most general in its habitat use defined by sea surface height, eddy kinetic energy, wind speed, ocean floor slope and sea level anomaly, with individuals foraging in a range of habitats. In contrast, the three smaller albatrosses exploited two main foraging habitats, with habitat use varying between years. Generalist habitat use by WA and inter-annually variable use of habitats by GHA, SA and LMSA would likely offer these species some resilience to predicted changes in climate such as warming seas and strengthening of westerly winds. However, future investigations need to consider other life history stages coupled with demographic studies, to better understand the link between behavioural plasticity and population responses.
Figure 2 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments
Figure 2. Time-calibrated BI tree of Trinomys based on eight genes. Horizontal bars across nodes represent 95% highest posterior density (HPD) of divergence-time estimates. Letters above nodes correspond to the nodes described in Table 2. Horizontal bar at bottom represents time scale in million years ago (Mya).
Figure 1 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments
Figure 1. Skull of Trinomys. Dorsal (top), ventral (center) and lateral (bottom) views illustrating the 18 linear measurements used in the present study. GSL, greatest skull length; LN, length of nasals; LR, length of rostrum; IOC, least interorbital constriction; WZ, width of zygomatic arches; WM, width of mastoids; BAL, basilar length; LIF, length of incisive foramen; D, length of diastema; PLA, palatal length A; PLB, palatal length B; LMS, length of molar series; PPL, post-palatal length; LBu, length of auditory bulla; HB, height of braincase; WMax, width of maxillary; WR, width of rostrum; DR, depth of rostrum. Figure modified from Nicola et al. (2003).
Figure 4 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments
Figure 4. Mean estimates of pairwise rates of phenotypic change (J) along the size axis (A) and multivariate axes PC1 (B), PC2 (C) and PC3 (D), and mean estimates of pairwise rates of general phenotypic change (J0) based in Mahalanobis distances (E). Columns represent mean estimates and error bars 95% confidence intervals. AF X AF, estimates between Atlantic Forest species; AF X y, estimates between Atlantic Forest species and T. yonenagae; AF X a, estimates between Atlantic Forest species and T. albispinus.
Figure 3 in Stability and acceleration of phenotypic evolution in spiny rats (Trinomys, Echimyidae) across different environments
Figure 3. Scores of individuals of Trinomys plotted in morphospaces formed by the size axis vs. PC1 (A), PC2 vs. PC3 (B) and CV1 vs. CV2 (C). Trinomys eliasi, T. albispinus and T. yonenagae are enclosed in convex grey polygons.
Figure 5 in Are spider communities influenced by urbanisation? An approach using species and guilds resolutions and their interaction with the anthropogenic environment
Figure 5. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of ambush hunters species collected, stress value: 0.12. References: Urban sites location = black circles; Suburban sites location = grey triangles.
Figure 3 in Are spider communities influenced by urbanisation? An approach using species and guilds resolutions and their interaction with the anthropogenic environment
Figure 3. Comparison between sampling site location of mean and SEM Shannon-Weaver index (a) and Shannon evenness index (b) of total spiders collected and per guild assessed by ANOVA. Location references: Urban = black bars; Suburban = grey bars. * = p <0.05.
Figure 4 in Are spider communities influenced by urbanisation? An approach using species and guilds resolutions and their interaction with the anthropogenic environment
Figure 4. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling of all species collected, stress value: 0.14. References: Urban sites = black circles; Suburban sites = grey triangles.
Figure 1 in Are spider communities influenced by urbanisation? An approach using species and guilds resolutions and their interaction with the anthropogenic environment
Figure 1. Sample sites in Cordoba city, Argentina. Circles = urban and triangles = suburban sites. The zoom-window shows urbanisation degree categories measured and radii (Map adapted from García et al. 2018).
Figure 20 in Four new species of Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the interstitial environment of the Mekong River
Figure 20. Mekongbathynella jayavarthoni sp. n. (Holotype: ♀). (a), uropod (dorsal); (b), pleotelson and furcal rami (dorsal); (c), pleotelson, uropod and furcal ramus (lateral). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
Figure 19 in Four new species of Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the interstitial environment of the Mekong River
Figure 19. Mekongbathynella jayavarthoni sp. n. (Holotype: ♀; allotype: ♂). (a), thoracopod VII ♂ (frontal); (b), thoracopod VIII ♀ (ventral); (c), thoracopod VIII ♀ (lateral); (d), thoracopod VIII ♂ (inner lateral); (e), right and left thoracopods VIII ♂ (ventral). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
Figure 17 in Four new species of Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the interstitial environment of the Mekong River
Figure 17. Mekongbathynella jayavarthoni sp. n. (Holotype: ♀). (a), mandible (dorsal); (b), mandible (inner lateral); (c), maxillule (dorsal); (d). maxilla (dorsal); (e), thoracopod I (frontal); (f), thoracopod II (frontal). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
Figure 13 in Four new species of Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the interstitial environment of the Mekong River
Figure 13. Mekongbathynella jayavarmani sp. n. (Holotype: ♀). (a), thoracopod IV (frontal); (b), thoracopod V (frontal); (c), thoracopod VI (frontal); (d), thoracopod VIII (ventral). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
Figure 12 in Four new species of Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the interstitial environment of the Mekong River
Figure 12. Mekongbathynella jayavarmani sp. n. (Holotype: ♀). (a), maxillule (dorsal); (b). maxilla (dorsal); (c), thoracopod I (frontal); (d), thoracopod II (frontal); (e), thoracopod III (frontal). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
Figure 10 in Four new species of Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the interstitial environment of the Mekong River
Figure 10. Mekongbathynella pienensis sp. n. (Holotype: ♀). (a), uropod (dorsal); (b), pleotelson and furcal rami (dorsal); (c), pleotelson, uropod and furcal ramus (lateral). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
Figure 18 in Four new species of Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the interstitial environment of the Mekong River
Figure 18. Mekongbathynella jayavarthoni sp. n. (Holotype: ♀; allotype: ♂). (a), thoracopod III ♂ (frontal); (b), thoracopod IV ♂ (frontal); (c), thoracopod V ♂ (frontal); (d), thoracopod VI ♂ (frontal); (e), protopod of thoracopod VI ♀ (frontal). Scale bar = 0.05 mm.
Figure 9 in Four new species of Parabathynellidae (Bathynellacea, Syncarida) from the interstitial environment of the Mekong River
Figure 9. Mekongbathynella pienensis sp. n. (Holotype: ♀; allotype: ♂). (a), thoracopod VII ♀ (frontal); (b), thoracopod VIII ♂ (inner lateral); (c), right and left thoracopods VIII ♂ (ventral). Scale bars = 0.05 mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.