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5,666 results for “Social”
Figure 6 in The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) of a fragment of Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil
Figure 6. (A, B) Accumulation and rarefaction curves for the wasps collected in the three fragments.
Figure 3 in Cladistic analysis of Charterginus Fox, 1898 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). A neotropical genus of social wasps
Figure 3. Single cladogram based on the data matrix in Table 2. Character numbers (see Table 1) are placed above rectangles, with the state numbers below, separated by ''.'' to indicate the transitions between states. Filled rectangles indicate an uncontroverted step, while open rectangles indicate homoplastic change.
Figure 2 in Cladistic analysis of Charterginus Fox, 1898 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). A neotropical genus of social wasps
Figure 2. Charterginus carinatus: (A) head in dorsal view, (B) humeri in dorsal view. Metanotum in frontal view: (C) C. xanthura, (D) C. fulvus. Scale bars 1.0 mm.
Figure 1. Metasomal tergum I in Cladistic analysis of Charterginus Fox, 1898 (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Epiponini). A neotropical genus of social wasps
Figure 1. Metasomal tergum I in dorsal view: (A) Charterginus nevermanni, (B) C. xanthura. Tergum II in dorsolateral view: (C) C. nevermanni, (D) C. fulvus. Tergum II in dorsal view: (E) C. nevermanni; (F) C. carinatus. Scale bar 1.0 mm.
Data from: Social and physical environment independently affect oviposition decisions in Drosophila
<p>In response to environmental stimuli, including variation in the presence of conspecifics, genotypes show highly plastic responses in behavioral and physiological traits influencing reproduction. Although extensively documented in males, such female responses are rather less studied. We expect females to be highly responsive to environmental variation and to differentially allocate resources to increase offspring fitness, given the major contribution of mothers to offspring number, size, and developmental conditions. Using Drosophila melanogaster, we (a) manipulate exposure to conspecific females, which mothers could use to anticipate the number of potential mates and larval density, and; (b) test how this interacts with the spatial distribution of potential oviposition sites, with females from higher densities expected to prefer clustered resources that can support a larger number of larvae. We found that high density females were slower to start copulating and reduced their copulation duration, the opposite effect to that observed in males. There was a parallel, perhaps related, effect on egg production behavior: females previously housed in groups laid fewer eggs than those housed in solitude. Resource patchiness also influenced oviposition: females preferred aggregated substrate, which attracted more females to lay eggs. However, we found no interaction between prior housing conditions and resource patchiness, indicating that females did not perceive the value of different resource distributions differently when exposed to environments that could signal expected levels of larval competition. We show that, although exposure to consexual competition changes copulatory behaviors of females, the distribution of oviposition resources has a greater effect on oviposition decisions.</p>
Dataset for Paper: Evolution and differentiation of the cybersecurity communities in three social Q&A sites: a mixed-methods analysis
<p>The dataset of Stack Overflow from 2011-2020, Security Stack Exchange from 2011-2020, and three cybersecurity-related subreddits from 2015-2020.</p> <p>For more details, please see Readme.txt.</p> <p>If you have questions or want to discuss any research-related topics, contact me via: mtiwu@ucdavis.edu</p>
Ecological and social outcomes of urbanization on regional farming systems: a global synthesis
<p>This dataset contains the data extracted for a systematic review on ecological and social outcomes of urbanization in regional farming systems. It is based on 107 papers that were selected after scooping and screeing done in February 2019.</p>
Data from: Extra-pair paternity in two populations of the socially monogamous Thorn-tailed Rayadito Aphrastura spinicauda (Passeriformes: Furnariidae)
Studies on extra-pair paternity (EPP) are key to understanding the ecological and evolutionary drivers of variation in avian mating strategies, but information is currently lacking for most tropical and sub-tropical taxa. We describe the occurrence of EPP in two populations of a South American socially monogamous bird, the Thorn-tailed Rayadito, based on data from 266 broods and 895 offspring that were sampled during six breeding seasons in north-central and southern Chile. In the northern population, 21% of the broods contained at least one extra-pair young and 14% of all offspring were sired by an extra-pair male, while in the southern population, we detected extra-pair offspring (EPO) in 14% of the broods, and 6% of all offspring were EPO. Variation in the frequency of EPP could stem from population differences in the duration of the breeding season or the density of breeding individuals. Other factors such as differences in breeding synchrony and variation in food availability need to be evaluated. More reports on EPP rates are necessary to determine the patterns of taxonomic and geographic variation in mating strategies in Neotropical birds, and to better understand the differences in ecological dynamics between northern and southern hemisphere populations.
Sperm induction in the social spider Anelosimus jabaquara Levi, 1956 (Theridiidae)
<p>Movie file to accompany Sperm induction in the social spider Anelosimus jabaquara Levi, 1956 (Theridiidae), Arachnology 18(9).</p>
Data set for: Research trends of Academic Performance and Social Networking Sites
<p>Data set for: Research trends of Academic Performance and Social Networking Sites.</p>
Social effects on annual fitness in red squirrels
<p>When resources are limited, mean fitness is constrained and competition can cause genes and phenotypes to enhance an individual's own fitness while reducing the fitness of their competitors. Negative social effects on fitness have the potential to constrain adaptation, but the interplay between ecological opportunity and social constraints on adaptation remains poorly studied in nature. Here, we tested for evidence of phenotypic social effects on annual fitness (survival and reproductive success) in a long-term study of wild North American red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) under conditions of both resource limitation and super-abundant food resources. When resources were limited, populations remained stable or declined, and there were strong negative social effects on annual survival and reproductive success. That is, mean fitness was constrained and individuals had lower fitness when other nearby individuals had higher fitness. In contrast, when food resources were super-abundant, populations grew and social constraints on reproductive success were greatly reduced or eliminated. Unlike reproductive success, social constraints on survival were not significantly reduced when food resources were super-abundant. These findings suggest resource-dependent social constraints on a component of fitness, which have important potential implications for evolution and adaptation.</p>
Data from: Identity signaling, identity reception and the evolution of social recognition in a Neotropical frog
<p>Animals recognize familiar individuals to perform a variety of important social behaviors. Social recognition is often mediated by communication between signalers who produce signals that contain identity information and receivers who categorize these signals based on previous experience. We tested two hypotheses about adaptations in signalers and receivers that enable the evolution of social recognition using two species of closely related territorial poison frogs. Male golden rocket frogs (<i>Anomaloglossus beebei</i>) recognize the advertisement calls of conspecific territory neighbors and display a "dear enemy effect" by responding less aggressively to neighbors than strangers, while male Kai rocket frogs (<i>A. kaiei</i>) do not. Our results did not support the identity signaling hypothesis: both species produced advertisement calls that contain similar amounts of identity information. Our results did support the identity reception hypothesis: both species exhibited habituation of aggression to playbacks simulating the arrival of a new neighbor, but only golden rocket frogs showed renewed aggression when they subsequently heard calls from a different male. These results suggest that an ancestral mechanism of plasticity in aggression common among frogs has been modified through natural selection to be specific to calls of individual males in golden rocket frogs, enabling a social recognition system.</p>
'Social distancing' between plants may amplify coastal restoration at early stage
<p>This dataset contains data and codes from three field experiments described in the paper: "Hao Huang, Chi Xu and Quan-Xing Liu. (2021) 'Social distancing' between plants may amplify coastal restoration at early stage, <a href="https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/13652664">Journal of Applied Ecology</a>, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14044">10.1111/1365-2664.14044</a>". </p> <p>The experiment investigates the effects of a factorial combination of three factors: above-ground spatial configurea and below-ground connectivity with low- and high-elevation environmental stress. We test the two species (Scirpus and Spartina) on performance such as colonization, growth rate, as well as survival rate at one growth season. </p> <p><span>Abstract for published article: </span></p> <p><span>"Ecological restoration is crucial to counteract the degradation of coastal ecosystems. Recent studies increasingly suggest that coastal restoration success can be amplified by harnessing positive interactions between individuals of foundation species, with clumped spatial designs as an easy-to-implement approach. However, positive interactions are strongly context-dependent, making it often difficult to tell a priori if clumped configurations would necessarily enhance survival and growth. Another uncertainty is that the relevance of below-ground spatial configuration remains unclear. Here, using the clonal plant species <i>Scirpus mariqueter</i> as the material, we conducted a full-factorial transplanting experiment mimicking short-term restoration of coastal vegetation to test for the effects of above-ground spatial pattern and below-ground (rhizome) connectance on restoration efficiency. An unexpected finding is that clumped above-ground spatial patterns and high below-ground rhizome connectance resulted in lower restoration efficiency for <i>Scirpus</i>, reflected by lower recolonization rates and vegetation cover. Such effect of spatial configuration was especially pronounced during the early post-transplantation stage, and was robust in both high and low wave-stressed conditions. Particularly, the recolonization rate in the clumped treatment was only about half of that in the random and regular treatments for <i>Scirpus </i>in the 4 weeks after the transplantation<i>. </i>The stark contrast between our results and previous work may be explained by the differences in plant traits that can substantially shape the net outcomes of plant-plant interactions. </span>Our work highlights the necessity of considerations on biotic attributes for restoration designs by means of harnessing positive interactions, and advances the applications of facilitation theory in ecological restoration practices."</p>
Social-ecological cascade effects of land-use on vertebrate pest dynamics in arid agricultural communities
<p>Extensive land conversion to agriculture in drylands and associated resource use have wide-ranging impacts on desert ecosystems globally. Incorporating the impacts of human-social aspects is thus imperative in examining ecological interactions. The provision of agricultural inputs in these resource-scarce regions supports invasive and pest species, negatively impacting both agricultural productivity and native desert ecosystems. Understanding the spatial dynamics of invasive and pest species requires analyzing both bottom-up resource availability factors underlying animal distributions and top-down biological controls. Here, we evaluate the social-ecological cascading effects of dryland agriculture on vertebrate pest communities in dryland agricultural communities of Israel. Our study region is characterized by 18 agricultural cooperatives with distinct crop regimes due to contrasting social decision-making and resource allocation schemes (i.e., communal Kibbutzim vs. privatized Moshavim). Crop choices further affect land management (e.g., enclosed vs. open farm systems) and resource intensity. This system is ideal to study trophic mechanisms underlying animal assemblages between agricultural regimes. We examine the role of agricultural land-use practices on pest spatial distributions based on multi-year vertebrate pest observations with agricultural datasets. We use structural equation modelling (SEM) to quantify the relative importance of added agricultural resources underlying bottom-up and top-down trophic processes regulating vertebrate pest assemblages. Results reveal that crop choices determine pest distributions through bottom-up processes directly, while simultaneously driving pest competitive interactions through indirect top-down cascades impacting pest communities. For example, due to the indirect negative effect of wolves on meso-predators (foxes and jackals) mediated by livestock, the total positive effect of livestock on the abundance of meso-predators is reduced. Our study illustrates the social-ecological cascading effects of agricultural regimes on pest community assemblages mediated by contrasting agricultural land-use practices. Considering the expansion of dryland agro-ecological systems globally, understanding the intricate cascading pathways of predator- and prey-pest communities has important implications for agricultural management, biological invasions in drylands and fragile desert environments.</p>
Video: Pandemic and Social Media Textual Sentiment Analysis of the Indonesian Goverment Policy in Facing the Thitd Wave of Covid-19 Attack
<p>This material has presented on 1st International Conference on Advance Research in Social and Economic Science. October 25, 2022</p>
Data for: Fish can infer relations between colour cues in a non-social learning task
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Transitive inference (TI) describes the ability to infer relationships between stimuli that have never been seen together before.</span><span> Social cichlids can use TI in a social setting where observers assess dominance status after witnessing contests between different dyads of conspecifics. If cognitive processes are domain-general, animals should use abilities evolved in a social context also in a non-social context. Therefore, if TI is domain-general in fish, social fish should be able to use TI also in non-social tasks.</span><span> Here we tested whether the cooperatively-breeding cichlid <em>Neolamprologus pulcher</em> can infer transitive relationships between artificial stimuli in a non-social context. We used an associative learning paradigm where the fish received a food reward when correctly solving a colour discrimination task. </span><span>Eleven of twelve subjects chose the </span><span>predicted outcome for TI </span><span>in the first test trial and five subjects performed with 100% accuracy in six successive test trials. We found no evidence that the fish solved the TI task by value transfer. Our findings show that fish use TI also in non-social tasks with artificial stimuli, thus generalizing past results reported in a social context and hinting toward a domain-general cognitive mechanism.</span></p>
Data availability Leopard social organization
<p>Data supporting findings reported in 'Social organization of a solitary carnivore, the leopard (Panthera pardus), inferred from behavioural interactions at marking sites'.</p>
Mapa Social Unidade Saúde da Família Calabar/ Urbis I
<p><strong>Trata-se de um Mapa Social confeccionado, ao longo do segundo semestre de 2022, para a Unidade Saúde da Família (USF) Calabar, lolalizada no bairro Urbis I em Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia, Brasil. E validado em reunião presencial pelas Agentes Comunitárias de Saúde e gerente da USF Calabar no dia 2º de novembro de 2022. Tal documento foi fruto do componente “Processos de Apropriação da Realidade I” (PAR I) do curso de Bacharelado Interdisciplinar em Saúde (BIS) da Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia (UFRB). Projeto realizado pelos estudantes Antony dos Santos da Silva, Camille Oliveira da Silva, Debora Falcao Xavier de Souza, Fernanda Neiva Santos, Geovana de Jesus Santiago, Mauricio Costa da Assuncao Santos, Pedro Augusto Moura Ribeiro, Tiago Nascimento Ordonez, Vinicius Rocha Matos, sob a orientação da rofa. Dra. Deise Santana de Jesus Barbosa.</strong></p>
Biogenic amines for individual and social learning
<p>Individuals learn about their environment through personal observation or by observing their social conspecifics. The speed-accuracy trade-off associated with these two strategies results in two possible learning phenotypes – slow but more accurate individual learners and fast but more inaccurate social learners. While the costs and benefits of these different learning strategies are well known, we know much less about the possible neurophysiological mechanisms that underlie such cognitive variation. Neurotransmitters, based on their important role in driving cognitive differences in all taxa, are the most likely candidates that underlie the neurophysiological differences between these learning phenotypes. We measured individual honeybees for their performance on an individual and a social learning task followed by quantifying the concentrations of various neurotransmitters in their brains. Our results show that the two learning phenotypes and their accompanying differences in the speed-accuracy trade-off are consistently characterized by the opposite effects of an interaction between octopamine and serotonin and another between octopamine and glutamate. These findings challenge the general notion that social learning is simply an extension of individual learning and provide an important insight into the mechanistic underpinnings of the two different learning phenotypes and the neurophysiological mechanism that underlies slow-fast differences across taxa.</p>
Data from: Cryptic recessive lethality of a supergene controlling social organization in ants
<p>Supergenes are clusters of linked loci that control complex phenotypes, such as alternate forms of social organization in ants. Explaining the long-term maintenance of supergenes is challenging, particularly when the derived haplotype lacks homozygous lethality and causes gene drive. In the Alpine silver ant, <em>Formica selysi</em>, a large and ancient social supergene with two haplotypes, <em>M</em> and <em>P</em>, controls colony social organization. Single-queen colonies only contain <em>MM </em>females, while multi-queen colonies contain <em>MP</em> and <em>PP</em> females. The derived <em>P</em> haplotype, found only in multi-queen colonies, selfishly enhances its transmission through maternal effect killing, which could have led to its fixation. A population genetic model showed that a stable social polymorphism can only be maintained under a narrow set of conditions, which includes partial assortative mating by social form (which is known to occur in the wild), and low fitness of <em>PP</em> queens. With a combination of field and laboratory experiments, we show that the <em>P</em> haplotype has deleterious effects on female fitness. The survival rate of <em>PP</em> queens and workers was around half the one of other genotypes. Moreover, <em>P</em>-carrying queens had lower fertility and fecundity compared to other queens. We discuss how cryptic lethal effects of the P haplotype help stabilize this ancient polymorphism.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.