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opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

FIG. 3 in Bryophytes from Glaziou's historical collections: revisiting the flora of Rio de Janeiro and implications for conservation

FIG. 3. — Species re-collected in the last 30 years; 35% were made during this study, 56% by other collectors.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

FIG. 1 in Bryophytes from Glaziou's historical collections: revisiting the flora of Rio de Janeiro and implications for conservation

FIG. 1. — Localities of the collections of Glaziou made in the state of Rio de Janeiro (A) and of other collectors (B).

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2023View details →

Dataset: The implications of microalgae biofuel production for the heavy-duty transport sector under planetary boundary perspective

Dataset of the article: "The implications of microalgae biofuel production for the heavy-duty transport sector under planetary boundary perspective" <ul> <li>Selected results of the analysis are included in Microalgae biofuel results.zip</li> </ul> Summary: In this contribution, we study the extent to which 68 scenarios for microalgae biofuels could help the heavy-duty transport sector operate within planetary boundaries. The proposed scenarios are built considering a range of alternative configurations based on three types of fuel production processes (i.e., transesterification, hydrodeoxygenation and hydrothermal liquefaction), different carbon sources (such us a natural gas power plants and direct air capture), byproduct treatments, and two electricity mixes. Our results reveal that microalgae biofuels could significantly reduce the environmental and human health impacts of the business-as-usual (fossil-based) heavy-duty transport sector. Moreover, relative to standard biofuels that show large land-use requirements, we find that microalgae biofuels also decrease the damage on biosphere integrity substantially. Notably, pathways resorting to hydrodeoxygenation of microalgae oil and direct air capture and carbon storage could reduce the current impact induced globally on climate change by the heavy transport by 77%, while attaining six-fold reductions in biosphere integrity impacts, both relative to conventional biofuels. Simultaneously, microalgae-based biofuels can achieve impacts six times lower than conventional biofuels in biosphere integrity and 45% lower in human health.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Social justice implications of smart urban technologies: an intersectional approach

Abstract Techno-optimistic visions around smart buildings, homes, cities, grids, healthcare etc. have become ubiquitous over the past decade. Utilizing variations of machine learning and artificial intelligence, smart urbanism (SU) envisions an efficient, digital society. However, research shows that smart technologies reinscribe inequalities by prioritizing the interests of the free market, technology-centric governance, and data monetization. Although there has been a growing concern over the injustices SU perpetuates, there is a lack of systematic engagement with power systems such as capitalism or heterosexism that underpin SU visions. In this paper, we develop a novel framework which situates intersectional justice at the heart of SU. A mapping of 70 cases of ‘trouble’ with the promises of SU is carried out to address three core research questions: (i) What are the ‘troubles’ with SU? (ii) To what extent are they intersectional? and (iii) What can intersectionality add to the development of a just SU? Our analysis shows how SU politics play out in relation to how users are understood and engaged, how different actors institutionalise SU, and how dominant power systems are challenged. We find that intersectional justice concerns are addressed only marginally - 1 of the 70 cases explicitly mentioned the term intersectionality, 16 did not engage with any intersectional approach, and 31 cases did not address social justice concerns directly. Practice Relevance: (i) citizen-led initiatives against SU should commit to intersectionality’s radical core to dismantle power structures to ensure local smart urban projects do not entrench global business-as-usual neoliberal agendas. Intersectional thinking can create spaces for deliberative dialogues between civil society groups and build alliances across groups that seek to challenge the hegemony of exclusionary urban policies, (ii) urban planners and local governments which are at the forefront of SU applications should decenter technologies and rather focus efforts on working out how smart technologies can work in conjunction with other kinds of urban interventions, such as social, economic and environmental policy changes, collaborative planning, community development, etc to herald more just urban futures and (iii) designers of smart urban technologies should apply intersectional approaches to further challenge homoeconomicus (rational, white, technophilic, able-bodied) as the primary user-type and to replace it with diverse user archetypes that express humanity, justice, and generosity.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

A year-round observation of δ13C of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in fine aerosols: Implications from Central European background site

Data for paper of following abstract: Isotopic analysis of specific compounds in aerosols can be a useful tool when studying atmospheric processes. Here, we present the results of stable carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) measurements performed on a one-year set (n = 96, Sep. 2013 - Aug. 2014) of dicarboxylic acids and related compounds in PM1 at a rural Central European background site, Ko&scaron;etice (Czech Republic). The most 13C enriched acid was oxalic (C2, annual average = -16.6±5.0&permil;) followed by malonic (C3, avg. = -19.9±6.6&permil;) and succinic (C4, avg. = -21.3±4.6&permil;) acids. Thus, δ13C values decreased with an increase in carbon numbers. Azelaic acid (C9, avg. = -27.2±3.6&permil;) was found to be the least 13C enriched. A comparison of δ13C of dicarboxylic acids from other background sites, especially in Asia, shows similar values to those from the European site. This comparison also showed that C2 is more 13C enriched at background sites than at urban ones. In general, we did not observe significant seasonal differences in δ13C values of dicarboxylic acids at the Central European station. We observed statistically significant differences (p value < 0.05) between winter and summer δ13C values solely for C4, glyoxylic acid (ωC2), glutaric acid (C5) and suberic acid (C8). The only significant correlations between δ13C of C2 and δ13C of C3 were found in spring and summer, suggesting that the oxidation of C3 to C2 is significant in these months with a strong contribution from biogenic aerosols. The strongest season-independent annual correlation was observed in δ13C values between C2 and C4, the two dominant dicarboxylic acids. Therefore, C4 appears to be the main intermediate precursor of C2 throughout the whole year.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

Data from: Ageing of juvenile coral grouper (Plectropomus maculatus) reveals year-round spawning and recruitment: Implications for seasonal closures

Temporal patterns in spawning and juvenile recruitment can have major effects on population size and the demographic structure of coral reef fishes. For harvested species, these patterns are crucial in determining stock size and optimising management strategies such as seasonal closures. For the commercially important coral grouper (Plectropomus spp.) on the Great Barrier Reef, histological studies indicate peak spawning around the summer new moons. Here we examine the timing of spawning activity for P. maculatus in the southern Great Barrier Reef by deriving age in days for 761 juvenile fish collected between 2007 and 2022, and back-calculating settlement and spawning dates. Age-length relationships were used to estimate spawning and settlement times for a further 1,002 juveniles collected over this period. Unexpectedly, our findings indicate year-round spawning activity generates distinct recruitment cohorts that span several weeks to months. Peak spawning varied between years with no clear association with environmental cues, and little to no alignment with existing seasonal fisheries closures around the new moon. Given the variability and uncertainty in peak spawning times, this fishery may benefit from additional and longer seasonal closures, or alternative fisheries management strategies, to maximise the recruitment contribution from periods of greatest reproductive success.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

A Spectroscopic Study of Mars-Analog Materials with Amorphous Sulfate and Chloride Phases: Implications for Detecting Amorphous Materials on the Martian Surface

This repository contains the raw and baseline or continuum corrected data associated with the manuscript entitled:  A Spectroscopic Study of Mars-Analog Materials with Amorphous Sulfate and Chloride Phases: Implications for Detecting Amorphous Materials on the Martian Surface This work is being submitted to The Planetary Science Journal ABSTRACT The Chemistry and Mineralogy X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrument aboard the Curiosity rover has consistently identified substantial amorphous material at Gale Crater. The amorphous component is compositionally variable, but often includes elevated sulfur and iron, suggesting that amorphous ferric sulfate (AFS) may be present. Understanding the spectral changes of common Martian materials exposed to ferric sulfate brines as they desiccate to AFS is a key step in bridging the gap between simple mixing studies and analyses of complex/realistic reaction assemblages. Visible and near-infrared reflectance (VNIR), mid-infrared attenuated total reflectance (MIR, FTIR-ATR), and Raman spectra, along with XRD data are presented for basaltic glass, hematite, gypsum, nontronite, and magnesite, each at three grain sizes (<25, 25-63, and 63-180 μm), mixed with ferric sulfate alone or also with NaCl, hydrated through deliquescence, and then rapidly desiccated in 11% relative humidity or via vacuum. All desiccated products are partially or completely XRD amorphous; crystalline phases include starting materials and trace precipitates, leaving the bulk of the ferric sulfate in the amorphous fraction. Due to considerable spectral masking, the detectability of AFS is highly dependent on spectroscopic technique and the observed mineral assemblage. This has strong implications for remote and in-situ observations of Martian samples which include an amorphous component. AFS is only identifiable in VNIR spectra for magnesite, nontronite, and gypsum samples; hematite and basaltic glass samples appear similar to pure materials. Sulfate features dominate Raman spectra for nontronite and basaltic glass samples; the analog material dominates Raman spectra of hematite and gypsum samples. MIR spectra reveal all end members most clearly except for basaltic glass samples, where the analog material is almost completely masked. NaCl leads to similar FTIR-ATR and Raman features, regardless of analog material. Associated photographs of samples in this project can be found at: https://www.lionsandlamms.com/ This research was supported by NSF award #1819209.

opencc-zeroJun 2023View details →

Blood variation implicates respiratory limits on elevational ranges of Andean birds

The extent to which species ranges reflect intrinsic physiological tolerances is a major, unsolved question in evolutionary ecology. To date, consensus has been hindered by the limited tractability of experimental approaches across most of the tree of life. Here, we apply a macrophysiological approach to understand how hematological traits related to oxygen transport shape elevational ranges in a tropical biodiversity hotspot. Along Andean elevational gradients, we measured traits that affect blood oxygen-carrying capacity—total and cellular hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit—for 2,355 individuals of 136 bird species. We used these data to evaluate the influence of hematological traits on elevational ranges. First, we asked whether the sensitivity of hematological traits to elevation is predictive of elevational range breadth. Second, we asked whether variance in hematological traits changed as a function of distance to the nearest elevational range limit. We found that the correlation between hematological sensitivity and elevational range breadth was slightly positive, consistent with a facilitative role for sensitivity in elevational range expansion. We further found reduced local variation in hematological traits near elevational range limits and at high elevations, patterns consistent with intensified natural selection, reduced effective population size, or compensatory changes in other cardiorespiratory traits. Our findings suggest that constraints on hematological sensitivity and local genetic adaptation to oxygen availability promote the evolution of the narrow elevational ranges that underpin tropical montane biodiversity.

Figure 1 in Formicidae fauna in pig carcasses contaminated by insecticide: implications for forensic entomology

Figure 1 Median (square), quartile range (box) and total range (vertical line) of the species richness in each stage of decomposition in non-contaminated carcasses (A) and in contaminated carcasses (B). Different lowercase letters (a, b, c) indicate significant differences between stages in each treatment (p <0.05). The stages are 1= Fresh; 2= bloated; 3= deterioration; 4= post-deterioration; 5= skeletonization.

Figure 2 in Formicidae fauna in pig carcasses contaminated by insecticide: implications for forensic entomology

Figure 2 Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) using species occurrence to assess the change in the composition of ant species that occurs in both types of carcasses. The numbers correspond to the species appear in Table 1. On the right are those that occur more effectively in noncontaminated carcasses, and on the left are those that occurred in contaminated carcasses.

Figure 3 in Formicidae fauna in pig carcasses contaminated by insecticide: implications for forensic entomology

Figure 3 Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis (nMDS), using species occurrence to assess the change in the composition of ant species that act on different types of carcasses, along the different stages of decomposition. The numbers correspond to the species appear in Table 1. On the right are those that occur in contaminated carcasses, and on the left are those that occurred more effectively in non-contaminated carcasses. Noncont. = Non-contaminated and Cont. = Contaminated, I= Fresh; II= bloated; III= deterioration; IV= post-deterioration; V= skeletonization.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2022View details →

Figure 2 in Aedes aegypti queenslandensis: first geographic occurrence in Brazil and epidemiological implications

Figure 2 Comparative table between females of Aedes aegypti aegypti and Ae. aegypti queenslandensis.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Dataset for "Terrane collision-induced subduction initiation: Mode selection and implications for western Pacific subduction system"

Numerical results for "Terrane collision-induced subduction initiation: Mode selection and implications for western Pacific subduction system".

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Contribution of the Altyn Tagh Fault to tectonic deformation within the Qilian Shan, northern Tibetan Plateau: Implications from the electrical anisotropic structure

The dataset contains five folders. They are ‘MT’, ‘aniinv’, ‘isoinv’, ‘sensitivity_test’, ‘syn_mod_test’, respectively. The ‘MT’ folder includes the observed impedances for each MT site. In the ‘aniinv’ folder, there are three sub-folders include ‘azimu_ani_inv’, ‘gener_ani_inv’, ‘verti_ani_inv’, indicating the inversion results for azimuthal, general, and vertical anisotropic inversions, respectively. The ‘isoinv’ folder contains results for isotropic inversion. The ‘sensitivity_test’ folder contains modified models and their responses for sensitivity tests of anomalies. The ‘syn_mod_test’ folder contains a synthetic model constructed according the final model, the responses of this model, and the recovering for this model. In each folder, there is a ‘readme.txt’ file describing the details of individual files. The 'Software Availability.txt' file illustrates that the software used in 3D anisotropic inversion is available to academic community.

Figures 2–5 in One size doesn′t fit all: Singularities in bat species richness and activity patterns in wind-energy complexes in Brazil and implications for environmental assessment

Figures 2–5. Bat activity based on the pooled number of echolocation pulses per hour in four wind-energy complexes in northeastern Brazil, from September 2015 to January 2017: (2) Curva dos Ventos, municipality of Caetité, state of Bahia; (3) Cristal, municipality of Morro do Chapéu, state of Bahia; (4) Modelo, municipality of João Câmara, state of Rio Grande do Norte; (5) Fonte dos Ventos, municipality of Tacaratu, state of Pernambuco.

Figure 1 in One size doesn′t fit all: Singularities in bat species richness and activity patterns in wind-energy complexes in Brazil and implications for environmental assessment

Figure 1. Wind-energy complexes in northeastern Brazil studied for the presence and activity of insectivorous bats from September 2015 to January 2017.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Geochronology and Geochemistry of Late Cenozoic Magmatism on Naozhou Island, Leiqiong Area: Implications for Deep Dynamic Processes

The files of "Metadata 1" and "Metadata 2" are new measured data. The file of "References dataset" is published data from previous studies.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Transcriptomic analysis of light-induced genes in Nasonia vitripennis: possible implications for circadian light entrainment pathways

Circadian entrainment to the environmental day-night cycle is essential for the optimal use of environmental resources. In insects, opsin-based photoreception in the compound eye and ocelli, and CRYPTOCHROME1 (CRY1) in circadian clock neurons are thought to be involved in sensing photic information, but genetic regulation of circadian light entrainment in species without light-sensitive CRY1 remains unclear. To elucidate a possible CRY1-independent light transduction cascade, we analysed light-induced gene expression through RNA-sequencing in Nasonia vitripennis. Entrained wasps were subjected to a light pulse in the subjective night to reset the circadian clock and light-induced changes in gene expression were characterized at four different time points in wasp heads. We used co-expression, functional annotation, and transcription factor binding motif analyses to gain insight into the molecular pathways in response to acute light stimulus and form a hypothesis about the circadian light resetting pathway. Maximal gene induction was found after 2h of light stimulation (1432 genes), including the opsin opblue and the core clock genes cry2 and npas2. Pathway and cluster analyses revealed light activation of glutamatergic and GABA-ergic neurotransmission, including CREB and AP-1 transcription pathway signalling. This suggests that circadian photic entrainment in Nasonia may require pathways that are similar to mammals. We propose a model for hymenopteran circadian light resetting that involves opsin-based photoreception, glutamatergic neurotransmission, and gene induction of cry2 and npas2 to reset the circadian clock.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Simulated data and code from: Socio-economic predictors of Inuit hunting choices and their implications for climate change adaptation

These data are part of a data portal that accompanies the special issue 'Climate change adaptation needs a science of culture,' published in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B in 2023. To access the data portal, please visit <a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4">10.5061/dryad.bnzs7h4h4</a>. Summary Repository of R and Stan code to simulate and analyse foraging trip data (patch choice and harvest success). <a class="anchor" href="https://github.com/fhillemann/MSrepo_harvest_patch_choice#accompanying-manuscript"></a>Accompanying manuscript F. Hillemann, B. A. Beheim, E. Ready. 2023. Socio-economic predictors of Inuit hunting strategies and their implications for climate change adaptation. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 378: 20220395. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0395" rel="nofollow">https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2022.0395</a> Manuscript Abstract: In the Arctic, seasonal variation in the accessibility of the land, sea ice, and open waters influences which resources can be harvested safely and efficiently. Climate stressors are also increasingly affecting access to subsistence resources. Within Inuit communities, people differ in their involvement with subsistence activities, but little is known about how engagement in the cash economy (time and money available) and other socio-economic factors shape the food production choices of Inuit harvesters, and their ability to adapt to rapid ecological change. We analyse 281 foraging trips involving 23 Inuit harvesters from Kangiqsujuaq, Nunavik, using a Bayesian approach modelling both patch choice and within-patch success. Gender and income predict Inuit harvest strategies: while men, especially men from low-income households, often visit patches with a relatively low success probability, women and high-income hunters generally have a higher propensity to choose low-risk patches. Inland hunting, marine hunting, and fishing differ in the required equipment and effort, and hunters may have to shift their subsistence activities if certain patches become less profitable or less safe due to high costs of transportation or climate change (e.g., navigate larger areas inland instead of targeting seals on the sea ice). Our finding that household income predicts patch choice suggests that the capacity to maintain access to country foods depends on engagement with the cash economy.