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5,931 results for “laterality”
FIGURE 15. Holotype Heilus iniquus, undetermined sex. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 15. Holotype Heilus iniquus, undetermined sex. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. labels. The copyright of images belongs to SGND.
FIGURE 10. Holotype Heilus faldermanni, undetermined sex. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 10. Holotype Heilus faldermanni, undetermined sex. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. labels. The copyright of images belongs to NHRS.
FIGURE 11. Heilus ochrifer, undetermined sex. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 11. Heilus ochrifer, undetermined sex. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. labels. The copyright of images belongs to NHRS.
FIGURE 9. Holotype Heilus myops, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 9. Holotype Heilus myops, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. labels. The copyright of images belongs to NHRS.
FIGURE 8. Holotype Heilus freyreissi, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 8. Holotype Heilus freyreissi, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. labels. The copyright of image belongs to NHRS.
FIGURE 7. Holotype Heilus rufescens, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 7. Holotype Heilus rufescens, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. labels. The copyright of images belongs to NHRS.
FIGURE 6. Holotype Heilus tuberculosus, undetermined sex. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 6. Holotype Heilus tuberculosus, undetermined sex. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. labels. The copyright of images belongs to ZSMC.
FIGURE 5. Heilus pupillatus, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 5. Heilus pupillatus, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. The copyright of images belongs to BMNH.
FIGURE 4. Holotype Heilus inaequalis, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C in A review of the South American species of Heilus Kuschel, 1955 (Curculionidae Molytinae: Molytini: Hylobiina) with emphasis on those from Brazil
FIGURE 4. Holotype Heilus inaequalis, female. A. dorsal view. B. lateral view. C. labels. The copyright of images belongs to NHRS.
FIGURES 13–16. D. euzona, terminalia. 13. Male, lateral. 14. Male, dorsal. 15. Male, ventral. 16 in Revision of the Nearctic species of Ditomyia Winnertz and a new species from the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Ditomyiidae)
FIGURES 13–16. D. euzona, terminalia. 13. Male, lateral. 14. Male, dorsal. 15. Male, ventral. 16. Female, lateral. Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: ae, aedeagus; c, cerci; c1, cercus one; c2, cercus two; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; h, hypandrium; hl, hypandrial lobe; p, paramere; s8, sternite eight; t8, tergite eight; t9, tergite nine.
FIGURES 20–23. D. potomaca, terminalia. 20. Male, lateral. 21. Male, dorsal. 22. Male, ventral. 23 in Revision of the Nearctic species of Ditomyia Winnertz and a new species from the Neotropical Region (Diptera: Ditomyiidae)
FIGURES 20–23. D. potomaca, terminalia. 20. Male, lateral. 21. Male, dorsal. 22. Male, ventral. 23. Female, lateral. Scale bars = ca. 0.25 mm. Abbreviations: c, cerci; c1, cercus one; c2, cercus two; gc, gonocoxite; gs, gonostylus; hl, hypandrial lobe; s8, sternite eight.
FIGS. 1–4. Amplaria nazinta, A. crawfordi. Figs. 1–3. Amplaria nazinta. Fig. 1. Rings 8 and 9, lateral view. Fig. 2. Gonopods, anterior view. Fig. 3. Legpair 9, anterior view. Fig. 4. A. crawfordi, right leg 9 in The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893. II. New records and species of the genus Amplaria Chamberlin, 1941 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striarioidea)
FIGS. 1–4. Amplaria nazinta, A. crawfordi. Figs. 1–3. Amplaria nazinta. Fig. 1. Rings 8 and 9, lateral view. Fig. 2. Gonopods, anterior view. Fig. 3. Legpair 9, anterior view. Fig. 4. A. crawfordi, right leg 9, anterior view.
Sex differences in laterality are associated with reproduction in three-spine stickleback
<p><span>Laterality, the partitioning of information processing into specific brain hemispheres, is widespread across animal taxa. Substantial unexplained variation in this trait exists, particularly between the sexes, despite multiple identified advantages of lateralisation. Here, we demonstrate a relationship between laterality (measured as directional biases), reproduction and experience of mating and parenting. Using three-spine sticklebacks <i>Gasterosteus aculeatus</i>, a species with uniparental male care, we showed that individuals of the caring sex (males) were more strongly lateralised than the non-caring sex (females) during reproduction, and that laterality was reduced outside the breeding season in males. Additionally, males with experience of mating and parenting were more strongly lateralised than males without this experience. Our findings suggest that fitness related behaviours that vary between the sexes, such as reproductive behaviours including courtship, spawning and parenting, are significant but previously unidentified sources of variation in laterality.</span></p>
Comparative evaluation of ten lateral flow immunoassays to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies
<p><b>Background: </b>Rapid mobilisation from industry and academia following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to the development and availability of SARS-CoV-2 lateral flow immunoassays (LFAs). High-quality LFAs are urgently needed at the point of care to add to currently available diagnostic tools. In this study, we provide evaluation data for ten LFAs suitable for use at the point of care.</p> <p><b>Methods:</b> COVID-19 positive patients (N=45), confirmed by reverse transcription – quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), were recruited through the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium - Coronavirus Clinical Characterisation Consortium (ISARIC4C) study. Sera collected from patients with influenza A (N=20), tuberculosis (N=5), individuals with previous flavivirus exposure (N=21), and healthy sera (N=4), collected pre-pandemic, were used as negative controls. Ten LFAs manufactured or distributed by ASBT Holdings Ltd, Cellex, Fortress Diagnostics, Nantong Egens Biotechnology, Mologic, NG Biotech, Nal von Minden, and Suzhou Herui BioMed Co. were evaluated.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Compared to RT-qPCR, sensitivity of LFAs ranged from 87.0-95.7%. Specificity against pre-pandemic controls ranged between 92.0-100%. Compared to IgG ELISA, sensitivity and specificity ranged between 90.5-100% and 93.2-100%, respectively. Percentage agreement between LFAs and IgG ELISA ranged from 89.6-92.7%. Inter-test agreement between LFAs and IgG ELISA ranged between kappa=0.792-0.854.</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>LFAs may serve as a useful tool for rapid confirmation of ongoing or previous infection in conjunction with clinical suspicion of COVID-19 in patients attending hospital. Impartial validation prior to commercial sale provides users with data that can inform best use settings.</p>
Data from: The arrangement of lateral veins along the midvein of leaves is not related to leaf phyllotaxis
Positions of leaves along a stem usually adhere to a genetically determined, species-specific pattern known as a leaf phyllotaxis. We investigated whether the arrangement of lateral secondary veins along primary midveins adhered to a species-specific pattern that resembled an alternate or opposite phyllotaxis. We analyzed the venation of temperate dicotyledonous species from different taxonomic groups and chose 18 woody and 12 herbaceous species that have reticulated leaf venation. The arrangement of the lateral veins was neither alternate nor opposite for any of the species. Lateral vein arrangements were instead mixtures of symmetric and asymmetric patterns. Our results show that lateral vein arrangements are related neither to stem-level leaf phyllotaxis (alternate vs. opposite) nor to life form (woody vs. herbaceous). Our results are therefore generally consistent with the canalization hypothesis that the locations of lateral veins are not completely specified genetically prior to leaf formation.
Data from: Image based modelling of lateral magma flow: the Basement Sill, Antarctica
The McMurdo Dry Valleys magmatic system, Antarctica, provides a world-class example of pervasive lateral magma flow on a continental scale. The lowermost intrusion (Basement Sill) offers detailed sections through the now frozen particle microstructure of a congested magma slurry. We simulated the flow regime in two and three dimensions using numerical models built on a finite-element mesh derived from field data. The model captures the flow behaviour of the Basement Sill magma over a viscosity range of 1–104 Pa s where the higher end (greater than or equal to 102 Pa s) corresponds to a magmatic slurry with crystal fractions varying between 30 and 70%. A novel feature of the model is the discovery of transient, low viscosity (less than or equal to 50 Pa s) high Reynolds number eddies formed along undulating contacts at the floor and roof of the intrusion. Numerical tracing of particle orbits implies crystals trapped in eddies segregate according to their mass density. Recovered shear strain rates (10−3–10−5 s−1) at viscosities equating to high particle concentrations (around more than 40%) in the Sill interior point to shear-thinning as an explanation for some types of magmatic layering there. Model transport rates for the Sill magmas imply a maximum emplacement time of ca 105 years, consistent with geochemical evidence for long-range lateral flow. It is a theoretically possibility that fast-flowing magma on a continental scale will be susceptible to planetary-scale rotational forces.
Data from: In the eye of the beholder: visual mate choice lateralization in a polymorphic songbird
Birds choose mates on the basis of colour, song and body size, but little is known about the mechanisms underlying these mating decisions. Reports that zebra finches prefer to view mates with the right eye during courtship, and that immediate early gene expression associated with courtship behaviour is lateralized in their left hemisphere suggest that visual mate choice itself may be lateralized. To test this hypothesis, we used the Gouldian finch, a polymorphic species in which individuals exhibit strong, adaptive visual preferences for mates of their own head colour. Black males were tested in a mate-choice apparatus under three eye conditions: left-monocular, right-monocular and binocular. We found that black male preference for black females is so strongly lateralized in the right-eye/left-hemisphere system that if the right eye is unavailable, males are unable to respond preferentially, not only to males and females of the same morph, but also to the strikingly dissimilar female morphs. Courtship singing is consistent with these lateralized mate preferences; more black males sing to black females when using their right eye than when using their left. Beauty, therefore, is in the right eye of the beholder for these songbirds, providing, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of visual mate choice lateralization.
Data from: The relation between oilseed rape and pollination of later flowering plants varies across plant species and landscape contexts
Increasing cultivation of oilseed rape may have consequences for pollinators and wild plant pollination. By providing pollinating insects with pollen and nectar, oilseed rape benefits short-tongued, generalist insect species. Long-tongued bumble bee species, specialized to other flower types, may instead be negatively affected by increased competition from the generalists (e.g. due to nectar-robbing of long-tubed flowers) after oilseed rape has ceased flowering. We expected that the increased abundance of short-tongued pollinators and reduced abundance of long-tongued bumble bees in landscapes with a high proportion of oilseed rape would impact the pollination of later flowering wild plant species. In addition, we expected contrasting effects on plants pollinated by short-tongued pollinators and those pollinated by long-tongued bumble bees. We predicted that semi-natural grasslands, which provide insects with alternative floral resources, would reduce both negative and positive effects on pollination by mitigating competition between pollinators. In 16 semi-natural grasslands, surrounded by agricultural landscapes, with a variation in both the proportion of oilseed rape and the proportion of semi-natural grassland within 1 km, we studied reproductive output in two species of potted plants with different pollination strategies: the woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca) and red clover (Trifolium pratense). The first species is mainly pollinated by short-tongued pollinators, e.g. hoverflies and solitary bees, and the latter by long-tongued bumble bees. Both species flowered after oilseed rape. Strawberry weight was higher in landscapes with a high proportion of oilseed rape, but only in landscapes with a low proportion of semi-natural grassland. The proportion of developed achenes was also positively related to the proportion of oilseed rape, but only during the latest flowering period. In contrast, red clover seed set was unrelated to the proportion of oilseed rape. Whereas the discrepancy between the two strawberry measurements calls for further research, this study suggests that oilseed rape can affect later flowering plants and that the impact differs among species.
Data from: Refining eligibility criteria for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis clinical trials
Objective: To assess the effect of eligibility criteria on exclusion rates, generalizability and outcome heterogeneity in ALS clinical trials, and to assess the value of a risk-based inclusion criterion. Methods: A literature search was performed to summarize eligibility criteria of clinical trials. The extracted criteria were applied to an incidence cohort of 2,904 consecutive ALS patients to quantify their effects on generalizability and outcome heterogeneity. We evaluated the effect of a risk-based selection approach on trial design using a personalized survival prediction model. Results: We identified 38 trials: enrolled patients reveal a large variability between trials of all patient characteristics (p < 0.001), except for the proportion of males (p = 0.21). Exclusion rates varied widely (from 14% to 95%; mean 59.8% (95% CI 52.6-66.7)). Stratification of the eligible populations into prognostic subgroups showed that eligibility criteria lead to exclusion of patients in all prognostic groups. Eligibility criteria neither reduce heterogeneity in survival time (from 22.0 to 20.5 months, p = 0.09) nor affect between-patient variability in functional decline (from 0.62 to 0.65, p = 0.25). In none of the 38 trials were the eligibility criteria found to be more efficient than the prediction model in optimizing sample size and eligibility rate. Conclusions: The majority of ALS patients are excluded from trial participation, which questions the generalizability of trial results. Importantly, eligibility criteria only minimally improve homogeneity in trial endpoints. An individualized risk-based criterion could be used to balance the gains in trial design and loss in generalizability.
Data from: The effects of lateral line ablation and regeneration in schooling giant danios
Fish use multiple sensory systems, including vision and their lateral line system, to maintain position and speed within a school. Although previous studies have shown that ablating the lateral line alters schooling behavior, no one has examined how the behavior recovers as the sensory system regenerates. We studied how schooling behavior changes in giant danios Devario aequipinnatus when their lateral line system is chemically ablated and after the sensory hair cells regenerate. We found that fish could school normally immediately after chemical ablation, but that they had trouble schooling one to two weeks after the chemical treatment, when the hair cells had fully regenerated. We filmed groups of giant danios with two high-speed cameras and reconstructed the 3D positions of each fish within a group. One fish in the school was treated with gentamycin to ablate all hair cells. Both types of neuromasts, canal and superficial, were completely ablated after treatment but fully regenerated after one week. We quantified the structure of the school using nearest neighbor distance, bearing, elevation, and the cross-correlation of velocity between each pair of fish. Treated fish maintained a normal position within the school immediately after the lateral line ablation, but could not school normally one or two weeks after treatment, even though the neuromasts had fully regenerated. By four to eight weeks post-treatment, the treated fish could again school normally. These results demonstrate that the behavioral recovery after lateral line ablation is a longer process than the regeneration of the hair cells themselves.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.