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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Joint project session at the International Conference on Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals

AVANT,  DISARM,  HealthyLivestock and ROADMAP, projects joined their forces at the 5th International Conference on Responsible Use of Antibiotics in Animals on 8 June 2021. The joint project session "Socio-economic, technical and regulatory dimensions of sustainable change in antimicrobial use in animal production" was composed of 3 themes: - Theme 1: Social, economic, and regulatory factors of transitions - Theme 2: Promising technical innovations to reduce AMU - Theme 3: Stakeholder engagement and impact The video is available on YouTube:  For any further questions please contact us at: <a href="https://youtu.be/Dyf9Vq90XpE">https://youtu.be/Dyf9Vq90XpE</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/avant@rtds-group.com">avant@rtds-group.com</a> (project AVANT),</li> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/info@disarmproject.eu">info@disarmproject.eu</a> (project DISARM),</li> <li><a href="https://zenodo.org/record/healthylivestockproject@yahoo.com">healthylivestockproject@yahoo.com</a> (project Healthy Livestock) or</li> <li><a href="mailto:roadmap.communication@gmail.com">roadmap.communication@gmail.com</a> (project ROADMAP). </li> </ul>

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Vegetation and vantage point influence visibility across diverse ecosystems: implications for animal ecology

Visual information can influence animal behavior and habitat use in diverse ways. Visibility is the property that relates 3D habitat structure to accessibility of visual information. Despite the importance of visibility in animal ecology, this property remains largely unstudied. Our objective was to assess how habitat structure from diverse environments and animal position within that structure can influence visibility. We gathered terrestrial lidar data (1 cm at 10 m) in four ecosystems (forest, shrub-steppe, prairie, and desert) to characterize viewsheds (i.e., estimates of visibility based on spatially explicit sightlines) from multiple vantage points. Both ecosystem-specific structure and animal position influenced potential viewsheds. Generally, as height of the vantage point above the ground increased, viewshed extent also increased, but the relationships were not linear. In low-structure ecosystems (prairie, shrub-steppe, and desert), variability in viewsheds decreased as vantage points increased to heights above the vegetation canopy. In the forest, however, variation in viewsheds was highest at intermediate heights, and markedly lower at the lowest and highest vantage points. These patterns are likely linked to the amount, heterogeneity, and distribution of vegetation structure occluding sightlines. Our work is the first to apply a new method that can be used to estimate viewshed properties relevant to animals (i.e., viewshed extent and variability). We demonstrate that these properties differ across terrestrial landscapes in complex ways that likely influence many facets of animal ecology and behavior.

opencc-zeroSep 2022View details →

Geomorphology shapes relationships between animal communities and ecosystem function in large rivers

Understanding how the Earth's surface (i.e., 'nature's stage') influences connections between biodiversity and ecosystem function (BEF) is a central objective in ecology. Despite recent calls to examine these connections at multiple trophic levels and at more complex and realistic scales, little is known about how landscape structure shapes BEF relationships among animal communities in nature. We coupled high-resolution habitat mapping with extensive field sampling to quantify connections among the geophysical habitat templet, invertebrate assemblages, and secondary production in two large North American riverscapes. Patterns of sediment size governed invertebrate assemblage structure, with particularly strong effects on composition, richness, and taxonomic and functional diversity. These relationships propagated to drive positive relationships between biodiversity and secondary production that were modified by scale, context-dependencies, and anthropogenic modification. Finally, leveraging spatially explicit descriptions of geophysical and biological properties, we uncovered distinct and nested spatial scales of biodiversity and secondary production, and suggest that multiple geophysical processes simultaneously influence these patterns at different scales. Together, our findings advance our understanding of relationships between the physical templet and patterns of BEF, and help to predict how perturbations to the Earth's surface may propagate to influence biodiversity and energy flux through food webs.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Animal and pasture data of AGROMIX WP3 pilot site trial at Tenuta di Paganico (GR) Italy (Spring 2021)

Dataset of collected data on herbage, production , animal intake, and animal welfare in spring 2021 at Tenuta di Paganico (GR) Italy

Figure 10. Conceptual diagram illustrating vector quantization codeword formation-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

After the conversion process converts the analogue speech signal into a series words, then converting recognized word to facial animation based on VRML.

Figure 9. Mel Cepstral Coefficients in time domain-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

In this section, Feature matching Algorithm has been discussed. The goal of feature matching is to classify objects into one of a number of categories or classes. In this project, Vector Quantization approach will be used and the best matching result will be the desired voice.

Figure 6. Change the frequency at Hertz scale to Mel Scale.-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

Following computing the spectrum power and applying the above equation on frequency axis, some mediating filters equal to identical overlapping are applied on the scaled spectrum and each filters energy is computed as particularity. This is because conception of a particular frequency by the auditory system is affected by a critical band of frequencies surrounding it. Number of filters is usually between 20 and 30. Logarithmic non linear change operations on obtained particulates for adjusting amplified of particularities and their important though coordinating them with the structure of the auditory system following computing energy of each filter is done as follows: in the following equation F1 is filter in I th, and e (i) is logarithm of energy at ith band.

Figure 4. Hamming Window applied to each frame-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

Use of speech spectrum for modifying work domain on signals from time to frequency is made possible using Fourier coefficients. At such applications the rapid and practical way of estimating the spectrum is use of rapid Fourier changes.

Figure 3 Frame blocking of the speech signal-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

The next frame will begin M samples (i.e. 156 samples) after the first frame, and it will overlap the first frame by N-M samples (256 – 156 = 100 samples). Then the third frame will start at 2M samples after the first frame and it will overlap first frame by N-2M. The fourth frame will start at 3M samples after the first, and it will overlap it by N-3M. The process will continue until all input signal is accounted for. The result of this step plotted using MATLAB plot command and displayed in Figure 3. Figure 3 Frame blocking of the speech signal The next step in the processing is to window each individual frame so as to minimize the signal discontinuities at the beginning and end of each frame. The concept here is to minimize the spectral distortion by using the window to taper the signal to zero at the beginning and end of each frame. If we define the window as w(n), 0 ≤ n ≤ N −1, where N is the number of samples in each frame, then the result of windowing is the signal y (n) = x (n)w(n), 0 ≤ n ≤ N −1 l l

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2010View details →

Figure 1. The Structure of the Automatic Translate Voice to Sign Language Animation System-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

All technologies of voice recognition, speaker identification and verification, each has its own advantages and disadvantages and may requires different treatments and techniques. The choice of which technology to use is application-specific. At the highest level, all voice recognition systems contain two main modules: feature extraction and feature matching. Feature extraction is the process that extracts a small amount of data from the voice signal that can later be used to represent each word. Feature matching involves the actual procedure to identify the unknown word by comparing extracted features from his/her voice input with the ones from a set of known words. A wide range of possibilities exist for parametrically representing the speech signal for the voice recognition task, such as Linear Prediction Coding (LPC), RASTA-PLP and Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC).

Figure 8. Speech signal after frequency wrapping-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

Use of speech spectrum for changing the work domain on the signal from time to frequency is used via Fourier conventions. The rapid and practical way of estimating Spectrum in such applications is employment of rapid Fourier transform. The final stage is extracting particularities is use of discrete cosine to return particularities to the time domain and converse FFT approximation. Major advantage of this method is decrease of number of particularities of number of filter from f N to c N in which c f N ≤ N . In addition, doing so, includes making independent of the obtained particularity and rendering them non dependant which leads matrix covariance features to become axial. The following equation shows this point.

Figure 7. Speech signal after FFT-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

Figure 2. MFCC Block Diagram Step 1-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) are coefficients that represent audio, based on perception. It is derived from the Fourier Transform (FFT) or the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) of the audio clip. The basic difference between the FFT/DCT and the MFCC is that in the MFCC, the frequency bands are positioned logarithmically (on the Mel scale) which approximates the human auditory system's response more closely than the linearly spaced frequency bands of FFT or DCT. This allows for better processing of data. The main purpose of the MFCC processor is to mimic the behavior of the human ears. Overall the MFCC process has 5 steps that show in figure 2.

Figure 11. A sample of speech to facial animation system-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

To increase the autonomy of deaf and hard of hearing people in their day-to-day professional and social lives, in this paper design and initial implementation of a new approach based on MFCC and Vector Quantization Method is described. This approach includes analyses of speech to animate the talking head. Our future work will include the conception of new test types and performance patterns. We are particularly interested in extending this approach to testing to include implementation of applications under real-time constraints

Figure 5. Mel-spaced filter bank-Development an Automatic Speech to Facial Animation Conversion for Improve Deaf Lives

Physiologic changes show that human comprehension of frequency content of sound does not obey a linear space. Therefore for each individual it is computed and measure with a real frequency of sound peak at Mel seal. Using the below equation one can change the frequency at Hertz scale to Mel Scale.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

ANIMATION 1 in Comparison of methods: Micro-CT visualization method and epoxy cast-embedding reveal hidden details of bioerosion in the tube walls of Cretaceous polychaete worms

ANIMATION 1. Three-dimensional animation of specimen Cementula sp., a coiled tube, no. CZ2, from Velim locality, the Czech Republic.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

ANIMATION 2 in Comparison of methods: Micro-CT visualization method and epoxy cast-embedding reveal hidden details of bioerosion in the tube walls of Cretaceous polychaete worms

ANIMATION 2. Three-dimensional animation of specimen Placostegus zbyslavus (Ziegler, 1984), from Kamajka locality, the Czech Republic, no. NM O8727.

opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Data from: Where's Whaledo: a software toolkit for array localization of animal vocalizations

Where's Whaledo is a software toolkit that uses a combination of automated processes and user interfaces to greatly accelerate the process of reconstructing animal tracks from arrays of passive acoustic recording devices. Passive acoustic localization is a non-invasive yet powerful way to contribute to species conservation. By tracking animals through their acoustic signals, important information on diving patterns, movement behavior, habitat use, and feeding dynamics can be obtained. This method is useful for helping to understand habitat use, observe behavioral responses to noise, and develop potential mitigation strategies. Animal tracking using passive acoustic localization requires an acoustic array to detect signals of interest, associate detections on various receivers, and estimate the most likely source location by using the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of sounds on multiple receivers. Where's Whaledo combines data from two small-aperture volumetric arrays and a variable number of individual receivers. In a case study conducted in the Tanner Basin off Southern California, we demonstrate the effectiveness of Where's Whaledo in localizing groups of Ziphius cavirostris. We reconstruct the tracks of six individual animals vocalizing concurrently and identify Ziphius cavirostris tracks despite being obscured by a large pod of vocalizing dolphins.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Data from: Longitudinal gut microbiome dynamics in relation to age and senescence in a wild animal population

In humans, gut microbiome (GM) differences are often correlated with, and sometimes causally implicated in, ageing. However, it is unclear how these findings translate in wild animal populations. Studies that investigate how GM dynamics change within individuals, and with declines in physiological condition, are needed to fully understand links between chronological age, senescence, and the GM, but have rarely been done. Here, we use longitudinal data collected from a closed population of Seychelles warblers (Acrocephalus sechellensis) to investigate how bacterial GM alpha diversity, composition, and stability are associated with host senescence. We hypothesised that GM diversity and composition will differ, and become more variable, in older adults, particularly in the terminal year prior to death, as the GM becomes increasingly dysregulated due to senescence. However, GM alpha diversity and composition remained largely invariable with respect to adult age and did not differ in an individual's terminal year. Furthermore, there was no evidence that the GM became more heterogenous in senescent age groups (individuals older than 6 years), or in the terminal year. Instead, environmental variables such as season, territory quality, and time of day, were the strongest predictors of GM variation in adult Seychelles warblers. These results contrast with studies on humans, captive animal populations, and some (but not all) studies on non-human primates, suggesting that GM deterioration may not be a universal hallmark of senescence in wild animal species. Further work is needed to disentangle the factors driving variation in GM-senescence relationships across different host taxa.