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741 results for “Baja California”
COVID-19 survey in Baja California, Mexico, in February of 2021
<p><span>Baja California is a State located in the north-western region of Mexico, which borders with the United States. This area is of particular importance in terms of epidemiological surveillance, given that the busiest port of entry to the U.S. is located in the Tijuana-San Diego region, which is also one of the busiest ports of entry in the world. During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, Baja California had the second mortality rate in Mexico due COVID-19. We conducted a cross-sectional study to know the prevalence of COVID-19 in the general population at the beginning of 2021, right after the second wave of COVID-19 cases in the State.</span></p> <p><span>We carried out a population-based survey in the 3 largest cities of Baja California, Mexico: Mexicali, Tijuana, and Ensenada. The selection of households followed a probabilistic, 3 stage approach, with a total of 1,126 individuals included, which were representative of a population of 2.7 million after weighting. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection in nasopharyngeal swabs and IgG seroprevalence was evaluated in finger stick blood samples. We also assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices on COVID-19 prevention in the general population.</span></p> <p><span>In general, Baja California had similar COVID-19 prevalence rate compared to other States in Mexico, and crossing the border with the U.S. was not associated to higher odds of infection. Ensenada had a higher prevalence of COVID-19 by RT-qPCR compared to Tijuana and Ensenada. The level of health literacy on COVID-19 shows important areas of opportunity, along with a considerable high rate of vaccine hesitancy. </span></p> <p><span>Our findings on this important area in the Mexico-United States border show that the dynamics of COVID-19 are complex, and prevalence rates can significantly differ even within the same region. More work needs to be done in terms of health promotion in the general population of Baja California in order to achieve better health outcomes in future public health emergencies of international concern.</span></p>
Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. californicus Gray, 1837 — SW Oregon, and NW California (W USA). L. c. altamirae Nelson, 1904 — SE Tamaulipas (NE Mexico). L. c. asellus Miller, 1899 — SE Coahuila, NE, S Nuevo Leon, E & SE Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Aguascalientes, NE tip ofJalisco, N Guanajuato, and NW Querétaro (NC Mexico). L. c. bennettiz Gray, 1843 — SW California (SW USA), and NW Baja California (NW Mexico). L. c. curts Hall, 1951 — Is along the coast of Tamaulipas (NE Mexico). L. c. deserticola Mearns, 1896 — SE Oregon, S Idaho, SW Montana, NE & E California, Nevada, Utah except SE, and NW, W & SW Arizona (W & SW USA), and NW Sonora and NE Baja California (NW Mexico). The population in SW Montanais isolated. L. c. eremicus J. A. Allen, 1894 — S Arizona (SW USA), N Sonora except extreme NW, NW Chihuahua (N Mexico). L. c. festinus Nelson, 1904 — S Querétaro, Hidalgo, and N State of Mexico (C Mexico). L. c. magdalenae Nelson, 1907 — Magdalena I, Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. martirensis Stowell, 1895 —Baja California except NW & NE and NE Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. melanotis Mearns, 1890 — S South Dakota, SE Wyoming, Nebraska, E Colorado, Kansas, W Missouri, NE New Mexico, Oklahoma, W Arkansas, and N Texas (C USA). An isolated population exists in E Oklahoma. L. c. merriami Mearns, 1896 — S Texas (S USA), and NE Coahuila, N Tamaulipas, and N Nuevo Leon (NE Mexico). L. c. richardsonii Bachman, 1839 — C California (SW USA). L. c. sheldoni Burt, 1933 — Isla del Carmen, Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. texianus Waterhouse, 1848 — SE Utah, SW Colorado, NE Arizona, New Mexico except the NE, and W Texas (C USA), Chihuahua except the NW, W, & SW extremes, W Coahuila, E Durango, and NW Zacatecas (NC Mexico). L. c. wallawalla Merriam, 1904 — S Washington, C & W Oregon, NE California, and NW Nevada (NW USA). L. ¢. xanti Thomas, 1898 — Baja California Sur except the NE (NW Mexico). in Leporidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. californicus Gray, 1837 — SW Oregon, and NW California (W USA). L. c. altamirae Nelson, 1904 — SE Tamaulipas (NE Mexico). L. c. asellus Miller, 1899 — SE Coahuila, NE, S Nuevo Leon, E & SE Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Aguascalientes, NE tip ofJalisco, N Guanajuato, and NW Querétaro (NC Mexico). L. c. bennettiz Gray, 1843 — SW California (SW USA), and NW Baja California (NW Mexico). L. c. curts Hall, 1951 — Is along the coast of Tamaulipas (NE Mexico). L. c. deserticola Mearns, 1896 — SE Oregon, S Idaho, SW Montana, NE & E California, Nevada, Utah except SE, and NW, W & SW Arizona (W & SW USA), and NW Sonora and NE Baja California (NW Mexico). The population in SW Montanais isolated. L. c. eremicus J. A. Allen, 1894 — S Arizona (SW USA), N Sonora except extreme NW, NW Chihuahua (N Mexico). L. c. festinus Nelson, 1904 — S Querétaro, Hidalgo, and N State of Mexico (C Mexico). L. c. magdalenae Nelson, 1907 — Magdalena I, Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. martirensis Stowell, 1895 —Baja California except NW & NE and NE Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. melanotis Mearns, 1890 — S South Dakota, SE Wyoming, Nebraska, E Colorado, Kansas, W Missouri, NE New Mexico, Oklahoma, W Arkansas, and N Texas (C USA). An isolated population exists in E Oklahoma. L. c. merriami Mearns, 1896 — S Texas (S USA), and NE Coahuila, N Tamaulipas, and N Nuevo Leon (NE Mexico). L. c. richardsonii Bachman, 1839 — C California (SW USA). L. c. sheldoni Burt, 1933 — Isla del Carmen, Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. texianus Waterhouse, 1848 — SE Utah, SW Colorado, NE Arizona, New Mexico except the NE, and W Texas (C USA), Chihuahua except the NW, W, & SW extremes, W Coahuila, E Durango, and NW Zacatecas (NC Mexico). L. c. wallawalla Merriam, 1904 — S Washington, C & W Oregon, NE California, and NW Nevada (NW USA). L. ¢. xanti Thomas, 1898 — Baja California Sur except the NE (NW Mexico).
Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. californicus Gray, 1837 — SW Oregon, and NW California (W USA). L. c. altamirae Nelson, 1904 — SE Tamaulipas (NE Mexico). L. c. asellus Miller, 1899 — SE Coahuila, NE, S Nuevo Leon, E & SE Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Aguascalientes, NE tip ofJalisco, N Guanajuato, and NW Querétaro (NC Mexico). L. c. bennettiz Gray, 1843 — SW California (SW USA), and NW Baja California (NW Mexico). L. c. curts Hall, 1951 — Is along the coast of Tamaulipas (NE Mexico). L. c. deserticola Mearns, 1896 — SE Oregon, S Idaho, SW Montana, NE & E California, Nevada, Utah except SE, and NW, W & SW Arizona (W & SW USA), and NW Sonora and NE Baja California (NW Mexico). The population in SW Montanais isolated. L. c. eremicus J. A. Allen, 1894 — S Arizona (SW USA), N Sonora except extreme NW, NW Chihuahua (N Mexico). L. c. festinus Nelson, 1904 — S Querétaro, Hidalgo, and N State of Mexico (C Mexico). L. c. magdalenae Nelson, 1907 — Magdalena I, Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. martirensis Stowell, 1895 —Baja California except NW & NE and NE Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. melanotis Mearns, 1890 — S South Dakota, SE Wyoming, Nebraska, E Colorado, Kansas, W Missouri, NE New Mexico, Oklahoma, W Arkansas, and N Texas (C USA). An isolated population exists in E Oklahoma. L. c. merriami Mearns, 1896 — S Texas (S USA), and NE Coahuila, N Tamaulipas, and N Nuevo Leon (NE Mexico). L. c. richardsonii Bachman, 1839 — C California (SW USA). L. c. sheldoni Burt, 1933 — Isla del Carmen, Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. texianus Waterhouse, 1848 — SE Utah, SW Colorado, NE Arizona, New Mexico except the NE, and W Texas (C USA), Chihuahua except the NW, W, & SW extremes, W Coahuila, E Durango, and NW Zacatecas (NC Mexico). L. c. wallawalla Merriam, 1904 — S Washington, C & W Oregon, NE California, and NW Nevada (NW USA). L. ¢. xanti Thomas, 1898 — Baja California Sur except the NE (NW Mexico). The Black-tailed Jackrabbit has been introduced into Massachusetts, NewJersey, Maryland, Virginia, and S Florida. in Leporidae
Subspecies and Distribution. L. c. californicus Gray, 1837 — SW Oregon, and NW California (W USA). L. c. altamirae Nelson, 1904 — SE Tamaulipas (NE Mexico). L. c. asellus Miller, 1899 — SE Coahuila, NE, S Nuevo Leon, E & SE Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, Aguascalientes, NE tip ofJalisco, N Guanajuato, and NW Querétaro (NC Mexico). L. c. bennettiz Gray, 1843 — SW California (SW USA), and NW Baja California (NW Mexico). L. c. curts Hall, 1951 — Is along the coast of Tamaulipas (NE Mexico). L. c. deserticola Mearns, 1896 — SE Oregon, S Idaho, SW Montana, NE & E California, Nevada, Utah except SE, and NW, W & SW Arizona (W & SW USA), and NW Sonora and NE Baja California (NW Mexico). The population in SW Montanais isolated. L. c. eremicus J. A. Allen, 1894 — S Arizona (SW USA), N Sonora except extreme NW, NW Chihuahua (N Mexico). L. c. festinus Nelson, 1904 — S Querétaro, Hidalgo, and N State of Mexico (C Mexico). L. c. magdalenae Nelson, 1907 — Magdalena I, Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. martirensis Stowell, 1895 —Baja California except NW & NE and NE Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. melanotis Mearns, 1890 — S South Dakota, SE Wyoming, Nebraska, E Colorado, Kansas, W Missouri, NE New Mexico, Oklahoma, W Arkansas, and N Texas (C USA). An isolated population exists in E Oklahoma. L. c. merriami Mearns, 1896 — S Texas (S USA), and NE Coahuila, N Tamaulipas, and N Nuevo Leon (NE Mexico). L. c. richardsonii Bachman, 1839 — C California (SW USA). L. c. sheldoni Burt, 1933 — Isla del Carmen, Baja California Sur (NW Mexico). L. c. texianus Waterhouse, 1848 — SE Utah, SW Colorado, NE Arizona, New Mexico except the NE, and W Texas (C USA), Chihuahua except the NW, W, & SW extremes, W Coahuila, E Durango, and NW Zacatecas (NC Mexico). L. c. wallawalla Merriam, 1904 — S Washington, C & W Oregon, NE California, and NW Nevada (NW USA). L. ¢. xanti Thomas, 1898 — Baja California Sur except the NE (NW Mexico). The Black-tailed Jackrabbit has been introduced into Massachusetts, NewJersey, Maryland, Virginia, and S Florida.
Subspecies and Distribution. P. g. guardia Townsend, 1912 — Angel de la Guarda I and nearby Estanque I, Baja California, Mexico. in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. g. guardia Townsend, 1912 — Angel de la Guarda I and nearby Estanque I, Baja California, Mexico.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.e.evaThomas,1898—extremeSBajaCaliforniaandBajaCaliforniaSur,Mexico. P. e. carmeni Townsend, 1912 — known only from the type locality on Carmen I, Baja California Sur, Mexico. in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.e.evaThomas,1898—extremeSBajaCaliforniaandBajaCaliforniaSur,Mexico. P. e. carmeni Townsend, 1912 — known only from the type locality on Carmen I, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.interparietalisBurt,1932—SanLorenzoI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. Pi.lorenziBanks,1967—LasAnimasI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P. i. ryckmani Banks, 1967 — SalsipuedesI, Baja California, Mexico. in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.interparietalisBurt,1932—SanLorenzoI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. Pi.lorenziBanks,1967—LasAnimasI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P. i. ryckmani Banks, 1967 — SalsipuedesI, Baja California, Mexico.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.erinitusMerriam,1891—fromOregonandSIdahoStoCNevadaandasmallportionofCalifornia,USA. P.c.auripectusJ.A.Allen,1893—fromEUtahandWColoradoStoNEArizonaandNWNewMexico,USA. P.c.delgadilliBenson,1940—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareasinNWSonora,Mexico. P.c.disparilisGoldman,1932—extremeSWArizona,USA,andasmallportionofNWSonora,Mexico. P.c.douttiGoin,1944—fromextremeSWWyomingSWtoSCUtah,USA. P.c.pallidissimusHuey,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanLuisGonzagaI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.c.pergracilisGoldman,1939—NE&CENevadaandNW&CWUtah,USA. P. c. stephensi Mearns, 1897 — S Nevada, SW Utah, E & SE California, and W Arizona, USA, and NE Baja California, Mexico. in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.erinitusMerriam,1891—fromOregonandSIdahoStoCNevadaandasmallportionofCalifornia,USA. P.c.auripectusJ.A.Allen,1893—fromEUtahandWColoradoStoNEArizonaandNWNewMexico,USA. P.c.delgadilliBenson,1940—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityandsurroundingareasinNWSonora,Mexico. P.c.disparilisGoldman,1932—extremeSWArizona,USA,andasmallportionofNWSonora,Mexico. P.c.douttiGoin,1944—fromextremeSWWyomingSWtoSCUtah,USA. P.c.pallidissimusHuey,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanLuisGonzagaI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.c.pergracilisGoldman,1939—NE&CENevadaandNW&CWUtah,USA. P. c. stephensi Mearns, 1897 — S Nevada, SW Utah, E & SE California, and W Arizona, USA, and NE Baja California, Mexico.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.m.maniculatusWagner,1845—SManitoba,Ontario,Quebec,andLabrador,Canada. P.m.abietorumBangs,1896—NewBrunswickandNovaScotia,Canada,andMaine, USA. P.m.alpinusCowan,1937—restrictedtoasmallregioninSEBritishColumbia,Canada . P.m.anacapaevonBloeker,1942—knownonlyfromWestAnacapaIandsurroundingIs,California,USA. P.m.angustusHall,1932—knownonlyfromSWpartofVancouverI,BritishColumbia, Canada. P.m.anticostiensisMoulthrop,1937—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonEAnticostiI,Quebec,Canada. P.m.argentatusCopeland&Church,1906—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonGrandMananI,NewBrunswick,Canada. P.m.artemisiaeRhoads,1894—fromSCBritishColumbia,Canada,SWtoWWyoming, USA. P.m.assimilisNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonCoronadoIs,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.austerusBaird,1855—WCWashington,USA. P.m.bairdiiHoy&Kennicott,1857—mostoftheECportionoftheUSA. P.m.balaclavaeMcCabe&Cowan,1945—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonBalaklavaI,BritishColumbia,Canada. P.m.blandusOsgood,1904—SCUSAStoSanLuisPotosi,Guanajauto,andJalisco, Mexico. P.m.borealisMearns,1911—NWCanada. P.m.catalinaeElliot,1903—knownonlyfromSantaCatalinaI,California,USA. P.m.cmenitius|.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanRoqueI, BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.clementisMearns,1896—knownonlyfromSanClementeI,California,USA. P.m.coolidge:Thomas,1898—SBajaCaliforniaandBajaCaliforniaSur,Mexico. P.m.dorsalisNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonNatividadI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.dubiusJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonTodosSantosI, BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.elususNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromSantaBarabaraandSutilIs, California,USA. P.m.eremusOsgood,1909—knownonlyfromGrindstoneI,Quebec,Canada. P.m.exiguusJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromSanMartinI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.exterusNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanNicolasI,California,USA. P.m.fulvusOsgood,1904—fromCPueblaandVeracruzStoCOaxaca,Mexico. P.m.gambeliiBaird,1858—N&WCalifornia,USA,SintoNBajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.georgiensisHall,1938—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonTexadaIandsurroundingIs,BritishColumbia,Canada. P.m.geronimensisJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanGeronimoI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.gracilisLeConte,1855—OntarioandSQuebec,Canada,S&EtoWisconsin, Michigan,andNEUSA.FP.m.hollister:Osgood,1909—knownonlyfromSanJuanIandsurroundingIs,Washington,USA. P.m.huey:Nelson&Goldman,1932—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonasmallunnamedIinGonzagaBay,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P. m. inclarus Goldman, 1939 — known only from Fremont I in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. P.m. labecula Elliot, 1903 — from Durango S to Michoacan and Morelos, Mexico. P. m. luteus Osgood, 1905 — from South Dakota S to W Texas, USA. P. m. magdalenae Osgood, 1909 — Magdalena I and surrounding mainland areas, Baja California, Mexico. P.m. margaritae Osgood, 1909 — known only from Margarita I, Baja California, Mexico. Pm. nebrascensis Coues, 1877 — from S Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, S to NW Texas, USA. Pm. nubiterrae Rhoads, 1896 — from W New York S to North Carolina, USA. Pm. ozarkiarum Black, 1935 — from NE Oklahoma and SW Missouri S to W Arkansas and NC edge of Texas, USA. P. m. pallescensJ. A. Allen, 1896 — NC to SC Texas, USA. Pm. plumbeus C. F. Jackson, 1939 — E Quebec, Canada. Pm. rubidus Osgood, 1901 — from SW Washington S along the Pacific Coast to C California, USA. P. m. rufinus Merriam, 1890 — from N California S to SC Arizona and New Mexico, USA. P. m. sanctaerosae von Bloeker, 1940 — known only from Santa Rosa I, California, USA. P.m. santacruzae Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — known only from Santa Cruz I, California, USA. Pm. saturatus Bangs, 1897 — known only from Saturna I, British Columbia, Canada. Pm. saxamans McCabe & Cowan, 1945 — known only from Duncan I and surrounding Is, British Columbia, Canada. Pm. serratus Davis, 1939 — restricted to a small region in C Idaho, USA. Pm. sonoriensis Le Conte, 1853 — from SE Oregon and S Idaho, USA, S to N edge of Sonora, Mexico. Pm. streatori Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — known only from San Miguel I and surrounding Is, California, USA. in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.m.maniculatusWagner,1845—SManitoba,Ontario,Quebec,andLabrador,Canada. P.m.abietorumBangs,1896—NewBrunswickandNovaScotia,Canada,andMaine, USA. P.m.alpinusCowan,1937—restrictedtoasmallregioninSEBritishColumbia,Canada . P.m.anacapaevonBloeker,1942—knownonlyfromWestAnacapaIandsurroundingIs,California,USA. P.m.angustusHall,1932—knownonlyfromSWpartofVancouverI,BritishColumbia, Canada. P.m.anticostiensisMoulthrop,1937—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonEAnticostiI,Quebec,Canada. P.m.argentatusCopeland&Church,1906—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonGrandMananI,NewBrunswick,Canada. P.m.artemisiaeRhoads,1894—fromSCBritishColumbia,Canada,SWtoWWyoming, USA. P.m.assimilisNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonCoronadoIs,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.austerusBaird,1855—WCWashington,USA. P.m.bairdiiHoy&Kennicott,1857—mostoftheECportionoftheUSA. P.m.balaclavaeMcCabe&Cowan,1945—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonBalaklavaI,BritishColumbia,Canada. P.m.blandusOsgood,1904—SCUSAStoSanLuisPotosi,Guanajauto,andJalisco, Mexico. P.m.borealisMearns,1911—NWCanada. P.m.catalinaeElliot,1903—knownonlyfromSantaCatalinaI,California,USA. P.m.cmenitius|.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanRoqueI, BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.clementisMearns,1896—knownonlyfromSanClementeI,California,USA. P.m.coolidge:Thomas,1898—SBajaCaliforniaandBajaCaliforniaSur,Mexico. P.m.dorsalisNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonNatividadI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.dubiusJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonTodosSantosI, BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.elususNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromSantaBarabaraandSutilIs, California,USA. P.m.eremusOsgood,1909—knownonlyfromGrindstoneI,Quebec,Canada. P.m.exiguusJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromSanMartinI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.exterusNelson&Goldman,1931—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanNicolasI,California,USA. P.m.fulvusOsgood,1904—fromCPueblaandVeracruzStoCOaxaca,Mexico. P.m.gambeliiBaird,1858—N&WCalifornia,USA,SintoNBajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.georgiensisHall,1938—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonTexadaIandsurroundingIs,BritishColumbia,Canada. P.m.geronimensisJ.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonSanGeronimoI,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P.m.gracilisLeConte,1855—OntarioandSQuebec,Canada,S&EtoWisconsin, Michigan,andNEUSA.FP.m.hollister:Osgood,1909—knownonlyfromSanJuanIandsurroundingIs,Washington,USA. P.m.huey:Nelson&Goldman,1932—knownonlyfromthetypelocalityonasmallunnamedIinGonzagaBay,BajaCalifornia,Mexico. P. m. inclarus Goldman, 1939 — known only from Fremont I in Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. P.m. labecula Elliot, 1903 — from Durango S to Michoacan and Morelos, Mexico. P. m. luteus Osgood, 1905 — from South Dakota S to W Texas, USA. P. m. magdalenae Osgood, 1909 — Magdalena I and surrounding mainland areas, Baja California, Mexico. P.m. margaritae Osgood, 1909 — known only from Margarita I, Baja California, Mexico. Pm. nebrascensis Coues, 1877 — from S Alberta and Saskatchewan, Canada, S to NW Texas, USA. Pm. nubiterrae Rhoads, 1896 — from W New York S to North Carolina, USA. Pm. ozarkiarum Black, 1935 — from NE Oklahoma and SW Missouri S to W Arkansas and NC edge of Texas, USA. P. m. pallescensJ. A. Allen, 1896 — NC to SC Texas, USA. Pm. plumbeus C. F. Jackson, 1939 — E Quebec, Canada. Pm. rubidus Osgood, 1901 — from SW Washington S along the Pacific Coast to C California, USA. P. m. rufinus Merriam, 1890 — from N California S to SC Arizona and New Mexico, USA. P. m. sanctaerosae von Bloeker, 1940 — known only from Santa Rosa I, California, USA. P.m. santacruzae Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — known only from Santa Cruz I, California, USA. Pm. saturatus Bangs, 1897 — known only from Saturna I, British Columbia, Canada. Pm. saxamans McCabe & Cowan, 1945 — known only from Duncan I and surrounding Is, British Columbia, Canada. Pm. serratus Davis, 1939 — restricted to a small region in C Idaho, USA. Pm. sonoriensis Le Conte, 1853 — from SE Oregon and S Idaho, USA, S to N edge of Sonora, Mexico. Pm. streatori Nelson & Goldman, 1931 — known only from San Miguel I and surrounding Is, California, USA.
Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.albigulaHartley,1894—fromextremeSENevada,Arizona,andmostofNewMexico(SWUSA)SintoNESonoraandCChihuahuastates(NMexico). N.a.brevicaudaDurrant,1934—restrictedtosmallisolatedareaalongtheUtah—Coloradoborder(WUSA). N.a.laplataensisF.W.Miller,1933—SEUtah,SWColorado,NArizona,andNWNewMexico(SWUSA). N.a.mearnsiGoldman,1915—smallregioninextremeSWArizona(SWUSA). N.a.seriTownsend,1912—restrictedtoTiburonIintheSeaofCortez(NWMexico). N.a.sheldoniGoldman,1915—smallregioninextremeNESonoraState(NWMexico). N. a. venusta True, 1894 — SE Californa, extreme S Nevada, and W Arizona (SW USA) and extreme NE Baja California and NW Sonora states (NW Mexico). in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. N.a.albigulaHartley,1894—fromextremeSENevada,Arizona,andmostofNewMexico(SWUSA)SintoNESonoraandCChihuahuastates(NMexico). N.a.brevicaudaDurrant,1934—restrictedtosmallisolatedareaalongtheUtah—Coloradoborder(WUSA). N.a.laplataensisF.W.Miller,1933—SEUtah,SWColorado,NArizona,andNWNewMexico(SWUSA). N.a.mearnsiGoldman,1915—smallregioninextremeSWArizona(SWUSA). N.a.seriTownsend,1912—restrictedtoTiburonIintheSeaofCortez(NWMexico). N.a.sheldoniGoldman,1915—smallregioninextremeNESonoraState(NWMexico). N. a. venusta True, 1894 — SE Californa, extreme S Nevada, and W Arizona (SW USA) and extreme NE Baja California and NW Sonora states (NW Mexico).
Subspecies and Distribution. N.b.bryantiMerriam,1887—Sthree-fourthsoftheBajaCaliforniaPeninsulaandsurroundingIsofCedros,Magdalena,Margaritas,Coronados,Carmen,Danzante,SanJosé,SanFrancisco,Partida,andEspirituSanto(NWMexico). N.b.anthony:J.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromTodosSantosI,BajaCaliforniaSurState(NWMexico). N.b.intermediaRhoads,1894—fromEofSanFranciscoBayinCWCalifornia(WUSA)StotheNone-fourthofBajaCaliforniaPeninsula(NWMexico). N.b.marcosensisBurt,1932—knownonlyfromSanMarcosI,BajaCaliforniaSurState(NWMexico). N. b. martinensis Goldman, 1905 — known only from San Martin I, Baja California State (NW Mexico). in Cricetidae
Subspecies and Distribution. N.b.bryantiMerriam,1887—Sthree-fourthsoftheBajaCaliforniaPeninsulaandsurroundingIsofCedros,Magdalena,Margaritas,Coronados,Carmen,Danzante,SanJosé,SanFrancisco,Partida,andEspirituSanto(NWMexico). N.b.anthony:J.A.Allen,1898—knownonlyfromTodosSantosI,BajaCaliforniaSurState(NWMexico). N.b.intermediaRhoads,1894—fromEofSanFranciscoBayinCWCalifornia(WUSA)StotheNone-fourthofBajaCaliforniaPeninsula(NWMexico). N.b.marcosensisBurt,1932—knownonlyfromSanMarcosI,BajaCaliforniaSurState(NWMexico). N. b. martinensis Goldman, 1905 — known only from San Martin I, Baja California State (NW Mexico).
FIGURE 6. Epiactis prolifera. A–B in Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
FIGURE 6. Epiactis prolifera. A–B) oral view showing tentacles and column. C–D) detail of juveniles around the column of different sizes. E–F) cross section of column showing gametogenic tissue. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. I) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (J–R) Cnidae. tentacles: (J) basitrich I, (K) basitrich II, (L) spirocyst, (M) holotrich; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophores A; column: (P) basitrich; filaments: (Q) basitrich, (R) p-mastigophores A. Abbreviations. ep: epidermis, g: gastrodermis, juv: juveniles, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, o: oocyte, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, rm: retractor muscles, sc: sperm cysts, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles. Scale bars: A–D: 15 mm; E–F–I: 200 µm, G–H: 500 µm; J–R: 20 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
FIGURE 1. Map of the Peninsula of Baja California (BC) and Baja California Sur (BCS): 1) Punta Bandera, BC; 2) Punta Morro, BC; 3) La Chorera, BC; 4) Punta Baja, BC; 5) Playa Esmeralda, BC; 6) Punta Eugenia, BCS; 7) Bahía Asunción; 8) Punta Abreojos, BCS; 9) San Juanico, BCS; 10) Bahía Magdalena, BCS; 11) El Conejo, BCS; 12) Cerritos, BCS.
FIGURE 5. Anthopleura sola. A–B in Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
FIGURE 5. Anthopleura sola. A–B) oral disc and tentacles with different coloration. C) detail of acrorhagi. D) column with verrucae and pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–U) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (M) basitrich; (N) p-mastigophore A; column: (O) basitrich I, (P) basitrich II, (Q) holotrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore A, (U) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, lm: longitudinal muscles, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verruca, z: zooxanthellae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 150 µm, G: 200 µm; H–U: 25 µm.
FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A in Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
FIGURE 4. Anthopleura elegantissima. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi. C) column with verrucae. D) pedal disc. E) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. F) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. G) longitudinal section of tentacle showing ectodermal muscles. (H–V) Cnidae. tentacles: (H) basitrich, (I) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (J) holotrich I, (K) holotrich II, (L) basitrich, (M) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (N) basitrich, (O) p-mastigophore A; column: (P) holotrich, (Q) basitrich; filaments: (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) p-mastigophore B1, (U) p-mastigophore A, (V) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, dm: directive mesenteries, lm: longitudinal muscles, me: mesoglea, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, sp: sphincter, t: tentacles, vr: verrucae. Scale bars: A–D: 20 mm; E–F: 500 µm, G: 200 µm; H–V: 20 µm.
FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A in Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
FIGURE 3. Anthopleura artemisia. A) oral disc and tentacles. B) detail of acrorhagi in the margin. C) marginal projections with verrucae. D) detail of expanded column and pedal disc. E) column and tentacles slightly contracted. F) cross section of column at the level of the actinopharynx. G) cross section of column showing the retractor and parietobasilar muscles. H) longitudinal section of the distal column showing marginal sphincter muscle. (I–Y) Cnidae. tentacles: (I) basitrich, (J) spirocyst; acrorhagi: (K) holotrich I, (L) holotrich II, (M) basitrich, (N) spirocyst; actinopharynx: (O) basitrich, (P) p-mastigophore A; column: (Q) holotrich, (R) basitrich I, (S) basitrich II, (T) basitrich III, (U) spirocyst; filaments: (V) basitrich I, (W) basitrich II, (X) p-mastigophore A, (Y) b-mastigophore. Abbreviations. acr: acrorhagi, c: column, ep: epidermis, me: mesoglea, od: oral disc, pbm: parietobasilar muscles, pd: pedal disc, rm: retractor muscles, s: siphonoglyph, sp: sphincter, vr: verrucae. Scale bars. A–E: 20 mm; F, H: 200 µm, G: 500 µm; I–Y: 15 µm.
FIGURE 2. A in Intertidal sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) from the west coast of the Peninsula of Baja California, Mexico
FIGURE 2. A) Anthopleura dowii, B) Bunodosoma californicum, C) Bunodosoma grande, D) Isoaulactinia hespervolita, E) Phymactis papillosa.
Distribution. Endemic to Baja California (Mexico), known from four localities in Sierra de San Pedro Martir. in Talpidae
Distribution. Endemic to Baja California (Mexico), known from four localities in Sierra de San Pedro Martir.
On following pages: 201. Columbian Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus); 202. Richardson's Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus richardsonii); 203. Washington Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus washingtoni); 204. Townsend's Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus townsendii); 205. Belding's Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi); 206. Uinta Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus armatus); 207. Wyoming Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus elegans); 208. Piute Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus mollis); 209. Merriam's Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus canus); 210. Idaho Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus); 211. Common Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis); 212. Cascade Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (Callospermophilus saturatus); 213. Sierra Madre Ground Squirrel (Callospermophilus madrensis); 214. Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel (/ctidomys tridecemlineatus); 215. Rio Grande Ground Squirrel (Ictidomys parvidens); 216. Mexican Ground Squirrel (/ctidomys mexicanus); 217. Franklin's Ground Squirrel (Poliocitellus franklinii); 218. California Ground Squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi); 219. Common Rock Squirrel (Otospermophilus variegatus); 220. Baja California Rock Squirrel (Otospermophilus atricapillus). in Sciuridae
On following pages: 201. Columbian Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus columbianus); 202. Richardson's Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus richardsonii); 203. Washington Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus washingtoni); 204. Townsend's Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus townsendii); 205. Belding's Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus beldingi); 206. Uinta Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus armatus); 207. Wyoming Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus elegans); 208. Piute Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus mollis); 209. Merriam's Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus canus); 210. Idaho Ground Squirrel (Urocitellus brunneus); 211. Common Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (Callospermophilus lateralis); 212. Cascade Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (Callospermophilus saturatus); 213. Sierra Madre Ground Squirrel (Callospermophilus madrensis); 214. Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel (/ctidomys tridecemlineatus); 215. Rio Grande Ground Squirrel (Ictidomys parvidens); 216. Mexican Ground Squirrel (/ctidomys mexicanus); 217. Franklin's Ground Squirrel (Poliocitellus franklinii); 218. California Ground Squirrel (Otospermophilus beecheyi); 219. Common Rock Squirrel (Otospermophilus variegatus); 220. Baja California Rock Squirrel (Otospermophilus atricapillus).
Distribution. SW & SC USA (from S California E to extreme W Arkansas and from SE Colorado and Utah S to Texas) and N & C Mexico (Baja California Peninsula, including San Martin I, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, N Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, E Jalisco, and Hidalgo). in Soricidae
Distribution. SW & SC USA (from S California E to extreme W Arkansas and from SE Colorado and Utah S to Texas) and N & C Mexico (Baja California Peninsula, including San Martin I, Sonora, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, N Sinaloa, Durango, Zacatecas, San Luis Potosi, E Jalisco, and Hidalgo).
Online supporting material: †Estelestes ensis (Mammalia, Metatheria) from the Early Eocene of Baja California, Mexico, as a generalized polydolopimorphian
<p>In Table 1, we provide the ratio between the length of m1-4 and the height of the dentary below m1 in several extinct and extant metatherians from the Americas. We give the taxonomic assignment (Family, Order) for each of the measured species and indicate the source of the figure where the ratio was obtained. In Figure 1, we show details of the anterior portion of the left lower jaw of <em> Bobbschaefferia</em> <em>fluminensis</em> (MNRJ 1350-V, cast of the holotype) in occluso-lateral and occlusal views.</p>
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