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FIGURE 15. Schellwienella ornata Demanet, 1934 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 15. Schellwienella ornata Demanet, 1934 from Visé, Visé Formation (Visean, Warnantian). 1-8, RBINS a5922 (lectotype), articulated internal mould in ventral, enlarged ventral (showing the extent of the traces left by the dissolved dental plates), dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views, and internal views of a latex cast (SEM) showing the internal morphology of the posterior part of the specimen (7-8). 9-14, RBINS a5923 (paralectotype), articulated specimen (partly sectioned, probably by Demanet) in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views, and close-up (SEM) of the parvicostellate ornamentation in the central part of the dorsal valve. Scale bars equal 10 mm (1, 3-6, 9-13), 5 mm (2), 2.5 mm (7-8), 1.25 mm (14).

FIGURE 13. Schellwienella radialiformis Demanet, 1934 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 13. Schellwienella radialiformis Demanet, 1934 from the Tournai area, Tournai Formation (Tournaisian). 1-5, RBINS a5927, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior and anterior views. 6-10, RBINS a13105, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 11-12, RBINS a5924, detail (SEM) of the pseudodeltidium and of the koskinoid perforations penetrating in the umbonal part of the ventral valve. 13, RBINS a5928, detail of the microornament on dorsal valve (SEM). 14-17, RBINS a5925, incomplete ventral valve in external and internal views and detail (SEM) of the posterior internal and external morphology. 18-24, RBINS a13106, almost complete dorsal valve in dorsal, lateral, posterior, and internal views and detail (SEM) of the posterior morphology (cardinal process). Scale bars equal 10 mm (1-10, 14, 18-22), 1 mm (11), 0.25 mm (12), 0.5 mm (13), 2 mm (17, 23), 2.5 mm (24), 5 mm (15).

FIGURE 12. Schellwienella radialiformis Demanet, 1934 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 12. Schellwienella radialiformis Demanet, 1934 from the Tournai area, Tournai Formation (Tournaisian). 1-5, RBINS a5924, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 6-10, RBINS a5928, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 11-15, RBINS a5929, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior and anterior views. 16-20, RBINS a5930 (lectotype), articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 21-25, RBINS a5926, almost complete articulated specimen (with a microconchid attached to the ventral valve, close to the anterior margin) in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. Scale bars equal 10 mm.

FIGURE 3 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 3. Late Tournaisian sedimentation areas in the Namur-Dinant Basin (not palinspastically restored; modified from Hance et al., 2001; Poty et al., 2006; Poty, 2016) with location of the fossiliferous localities. Abbreviations: ASA, Avesnois sedimentation area; CSA, Condroz sedimentation area; D, Dréhance; DSA, Dinant sedimentation area; F, Furfooz; G, Germany; HSA, Hainaut sedimentation area; L, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg; N, The Netherlands; NSA, Namur sedimentation area; S, Sosoye; VSA, Visé–Maastricht sedimentation area.

FIGURE 10 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 10. Leptagonia cf. caledonica Brand, 1972 from Visé, Visé Formation (Visean, Warnantian). 1-5, 19-20, ULg.PA.2016.12.25/3, internal mould in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior and anterior views, and detail (SEM) of the muscular platform (latex cast). 6-10, 21-22, ULg.PA.2016.12.25/4, internal mould in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views, and detail (SEM) of the muscular platform (latex cast). 11-15, 23-24, ULg.PA.2016.12.25/5, internal mould in ventral, dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views, and detail (SEM) of the muscular platform (latex cast). 16-18, ULg.PA.2016.12.25/6, distorted internal mould in dorsal view and close-up (SEM) of the muscular platform (latex cast). Scale bars equal 5 mm.

FIGURE 7 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 7. Leptagonia franca sp. nov. from the Tournai area, Tournai Formation (Tournaisian). 1-3, Detail of the small pseudodeltidium and apical foramen of three articulated specimens with the ventral valve on top: RBINS a5896 (1), RBINS a13103 (2), and RBINS a5895 (3). 4-5, RBINS a5902, incomplete ventral valve showing the posterior morphology. 6-7, RBINS a a13104, incomplete ventral valve interior showing the posterior morphology and posterior view notably displaying the prominent teeth. 8, RBINS a5903, incomplete ventral valve interior showing the posterior morphology. 9, RBINS a5899, almost complete dorsal valve interior in ventral view. 10-13, RBINS a5897, almost complete dorsal valve interior in posterior and ventral views, detail of the lateral vascular canals, and close-up of the cardinal process and the muscular field. Scale bars equal 2.5 mm (1-3), 5 mm (4-8, 12-13), 10 mm (9-11).

FIGURE 9. 1-4 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 9. 1-4, Leptagonia sp. indet. from Sosoye, Waulsort Formation (Tournaisian, Ivorian), RBINS a11747, almost complete ventral valve in ventral, ventral (perpendicular to the disc), lateral and anterior views. 5-26, Leptagonia cf. caledonica Brand, 1972 from Visé, Visé Formation (Visean, Warnantian). 5-9, RBINS a5915, incomplete articulated specimen in ventral (perpendicular to the disc), dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 10-14, RBINS a5914, incomplete articulated specimen in ventral (perpendicular to the disc), dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 15- 20, ULg.PA. 2016.12.25/1, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral, ventral (perpendicular to the disc), dorsal, lateral, posterior and anterior views. 21-26, ULg.PA.2016.12.25/2, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral, lateral, ventral (perpendicular to the disc), dorsal, posterior, and anterior views. Scale bar equals 10 mm.

FIGURE 1 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 1. General context of Lower Carboniferous sedimentation in north-western Europe showing the distribution of emergent areas and Waulsortian buildups at the end of the Tournaisian (modified from Ziegler, 1990; Devuyst and Dehantschutter, 2007).

FIGURE 8 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 8. Scatter diagrams of Leptagonia franca sp. nov. N: number of specimens measured. 1, Relation between shell width and length. 2, Relation between shell width and shell length/shell width ratio. 3, Relation beween shell width and thickness. 4, Relation between shell width and shell thickness/shell witdth ratio. 5, Relation between unrolled ventral valve length and ratio between unrolled ventral trail length (Vtl) and unrolled ventral disc length (Vdl). 6, Relation between unrolled dorsal valve length and ratio between unrolled dorsal trail length (Dtl) and unrolled dorsal disc length (Ddl).

FIGURE 2 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 2. Schematic geological map of southern Belgium with location of the fossiliferous localities (modified from de Béthune, 1954). Abbreviations: D, Dréhance; F, Furfooz; G, Germany; HSMOTS, Haine-Sambre-Meuse Overturned Thrust Sheets; L, Grand Duchy of Luxemburg; N, The Netherlands; S, Sosoye.

FIGURE 5 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 5. Leptagonia franca sp. nov. from the Tournai area, Tournai Formation (Tournaisian). 1-6, RBINS a5891 (holotype), articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral (perpendicular to the surface of the alae), dorsal, lateral, posterior, anterior, and ventral (perpendicular to the disc) views. 7-12, RBINS a5892, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral (perpendicular to the surface of the alae), dorsal, lateral, posterior, anterior, and ventral (perpendicular to the disc) views. 13-18, RBINS a13099, articulated specimen (with an auloporid tabulate fixed to its right ventral flank), almost complete, in ventral (perpendicular to the surface of the alae), dorsal, lateral, posterior, anterior, and ventral (perpendicular to the disc) views. Scale bar equals 10 mm.

FIGURE 4 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 4. Distribution of the athyridides, orthotetides and strophomenides described and/or discussed herein within the essentially carbonate Tournaisian and Visean succession of southern Belgium (see text). Stratigraphy, lithostratigraphy (incompletely represented here for the Hainaut and Visé–Maastricht sedimentation areas; formations and members are in roman and italic letters, respectively), and biostratigraphy are adapted from Poty et al. (2002, 2006, 2014). The lenticular Vignobles Member is not represented here as it is rarely developed (it is comprised between the Vaulx Member of the Tournai Formation and the Antoing Formation). Note that the "Grande Brèche" is an informal stratigraphic unit resulting from the dissolution of evaporitic levels in the Grands Malades Formation; other brecciated horizons occur in the Lives Formation.

FIGURE 6 in New insights on Tournaisian-Visean (Carboniferous, Mississippian) athyridide, orthotetide, rhynchonellide, and strophomenide brachiopods from southern Belgium

FIGURE 6. Leptagonia franca sp. nov. from the Tournai area, Tournai Formation (Tournaisian). 1-6, RBINS a5829, complete articulated specimen (with Petrocrania? ryckholtiana (de Koninck, 1843) attached to ventral and dorsal valves) in ventral (orientation as in Figure 5.1), ventral (perpendicular to the visceral disc), dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 7-12, RBINS a5895, complete articulated specimen (with Petrocrania? ryckholtiana and microconchid attached to ventral valve), in ventral (orientation as in Figure 5.1), lateral, ventral (perpendicular to the visceral disc), dorsal, posterior and anterior views. 13-17, RBINS a13100, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral (orientation as in Figure 5.1), dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. 18-22, RBINS a13101, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral (orientation as in Figure 5.1), dorsal, lateral, posterior and anterior views. 23- 27, RBINS a13102, articulated specimen, almost complete, in ventral (orientation as in Figure 5.1), dorsal, lateral, posterior, and anterior views. Scale bar equals 10 mm.

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Fig. 1 in A new aviculopectinid bivalve from the Early Carboniferous of Guizhou, China

Fig. 1. Lithologic sequence of the Tournaisian Muhua Formation at the M2 (M2/1–4 and M2–8) and G (GB and GT) sampling sites, and the geological map around Muhua, Guizhou Province, Southwest China. The map modified from Baliński (1999).

Fig. 12 in Chondrichthyan remains from the Lower Carboniferous of Muhua, southern China

Fig. 12. Unidentified chondrichthyan crushing teeth from sample MH−1, middle Tournaisian of Muhua, China. A. Type 1, PKUM02−0170 in lateral (A1) and oral (A2) views. B–D. Type 2. B. Small tooth (PKUM02−0171) in oral (B1), lateral (B2), and labial (B3) views. C. PKUM02−0172 in lingual (C1), lateral (C2), oral (C3), and labial (C4) views. D. PKUM02−0173 in oral (D1) and labial (D2) views. E. Type 3, PKUM02−0174 in lateral (E1), oral (E2), labial (E3), and lingual (E4) views. F. Type 4, PKUM02−0175 in oral (F1), lingual (F2), and labial (F3) views. G. Type 5, PKUM02−0176 in lingual (G1), oral (G2), and labial (G3) views.

Fig. 11 in Chondrichthyan remains from the Lower Carboniferous of Muhua, southern China

Fig. 11. Teeth of Euchondrocephali incertae sedis from sample MH−1, middle Tournaisian of Muhua, China. A–D. Cristatodens sigmoidalis gen. et sp. nov. A. Holotype (PKUM02−0165) in lateral (A1), labial (A2), lingual (A3), and oral (A4) views. B. Crown of PKUM02−0166 in oral (B1) labial (B2), and lateral (B3) views. C. Crown of PKUM02−0167 in oral (C1) and lingual? (C2) views. D. Small tooth (PKUM02−0168) in lingual (D1) and oral (D2) views. E.?Cristatodens sigmoidalis, PKUM02−0169 in oblique labial (E1), oral (E2), lateral (E3), opposite lateral (E4), and lingual (E5) views.

Fig. 10. Reference specimens from Laurussia. A. Diclitodus scitulus Davis, 1883 in Chondrichthyan remains from the Lower Carboniferous of Muhua, southern China

Fig. 10. Reference specimens from Laurussia. A. Diclitodus scitulus Davis, 1883, holotype (BMNH P.49629), from the Carboniferous Limestone, Richmond, Yorkshire, England, in labial view. B. "?Psephodus laevissimus", specimen BMNH P.9914, from the Lower Limestone shales bone bed, Avon Gorge near Bristol, in oral view. C. Chomatodus davisi (Woodward, 1889), a specimen of the type series (BMNH P.2656), from the Viséan Mountain Limestone of Armagh, Northern Ireland, in lingual view. D. Tamiobatis wachsmuthi (St. John and Worthen, 1875), a specimen of the type series (MCZ 6371), from the Kinderhookian of Burlington, Iowa, in labial view. E. Deltodus sublaevis (Agassiz, 1838), specimen BGS 5964, from the Viséan Mountain Limestone of Armagh, Northern Ireland, in oral view (left side broken). F.?Goodrichthys eskdalensis (Moy−Thomas, 1936), a tooth from the specimen NMS 2000.14.2, from the lower Viséan of Glencartholm, Dumfriesshire, Scotland, in labial view. G. Chomatodus linearis (Agassiz, 1838), specimen BMNH P.2653, from the Lower Carboniferous Yoredale Beds, Richmond, Yorkshire, England, in oral view. H. Sibyrhynchus denisoni Zangerl and Case, 1973 (FMNH PF6408), palatal tooth plates.

Fig. 7 in Chondrichthyan remains from the Lower Carboniferous of Muhua, southern China

Fig. 7. Holocephalian dental elements from sample MH−1, middle Tournaisian of Muhua, China. A. Diclitodus denshumani (Newberry and Worthen, 1866), PKUM02−0153, in lingual (A1), lingual/aboral (A2), labial (A3), and lateral (A4) views. B–E. Helodus coniculus Newberry and Worthen, 1866. B. PKUM02−0154 in oral (B1) lingual (B2), and lateral (B3) views. C. PKUM02−0155 in lingual (C1), oral (C2), and two lateral (C3, C4) views. D. PKUM02−0156 in lateral (D1), labial (D2), and oral (D3) views. E. PKUM02−0157 in aboral/lateral (E1) and aboral (E2) views. F. Deltodus cf. sublaevis (Agassiz, 1838), tooth plate (PKUM02−0158) in labial view.

Fig. 9 in Chondrichthyan remains from the Lower Carboniferous of Muhua, southern China

Fig. 9. Chondrichthyan teeth and tooth plates from sample MH−1, middle Tournaisian of Muhua, China. A, B. Chondrenchelys sp. A. Posterior toothplate (PKUM02−0159) in oral (A1) and aboral (A2) views. B. Anterior toothplate (PKUM02−0160) in oblique oral (B1) and aboral (B2) views. C. Chondrenchelyidae gen. et sp. indet., two overlapping teeth of a tooth family (PKUM02−0161) in oral (C1), aboral (C2), and two lateral (C3, C4) views. D, E. Chomatodus davisi (Woodward, 1889). D. Low tooth (PKUM02−0162) in lingual (D1) and oral/labial (D2) views. E. High tooth (PKUM02−0163) in labial(E1), oral (E2), and lingual (E3) views. F. Ctenacanthiformes gen. et sp. indet., tooth (PKUM02−0164) in lingual (F1), oral (F2), labial (F3), and aboral (F4) views; lingual base broken.

Fig. 3 in Chondrichthyan remains from the Lower Carboniferous of Muhua, southern China

Fig. 3. Cladodont teeth from sample MH−1, middle Tournaisian of Muhua, China. A–C. Stethacanthus sp. A. PKUM02−0133 in lingual (A1) and labial (A2) views. B. PKUM02−0134 in labial (B1) and aboral (B2) views. C. PKUM02−0135 in labial (C1), lingual (C2), oral (C3), and lateral (C4) views. D–G. Tamiobatis sp. D. PKUM02−0136 in lingual (D1) and oral (D2) views. E. PKUM02−0137 in labial view. F. PKUM02−0138 in oral (F1) and lingual (F2) views. G. PKUM02−0139 in lingual view.