Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
2,395
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
2,395 results for “Contrast”
Data from: Pathways underlying selective neuronal vulnerability in Alzheimer's disease: Contrasting the vulnerable locus coeruleus to the resilient substantia nigra
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Ungulate spatiotemporal responses to contrasting predation risk from wolves and snow leopards
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Contrasting effects of anthropogenic disturbance on the interaction among sympatric carnivores
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Contrasting species richness in patches of alternative foundation species suggests a framework for understanding Species of Unusual Effect
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data and code from: Using contrasts in horizontal P-wave reflectivity to map the base of the continental lithosphere: Results for the central and eastern U.S.
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Contrasting stream nitrate and sulfate response to recovery from experimental watershed acidification 1988 - 2018
This is the data archive for the corresponding publication with the same title (doi: 10.1007/s10533-020-00711-5). Improvements in air quality have led to ecosystem recovery from acidic deposition, but the mechanisms and trajectories of this recovery are not fully understood. Here, we present long-term stream response and recovery data for paired watersheds at the Bear Brook Watershed in Maine (BBWM) during declining ambient SO4 and NO3 in precipitation. East Bear (EB) received ambient deposition from 1989 to 2018; West Bear (WB) received artificially elevated N+S from 1989 to 2016. The WB treatment was discontinued after 2016, the beginning of the recovery from both the experimental N+S and ambient decline. Stream SO4 in WB gradually declined after the treatment ended, from ~147 μeq L-1 in 2010-16 to ~126 μeq L-1 in 2017-18. The declining S inputs induced desorption of SO4 from soil phase surfaces, with stream loss far exceeding precipitation input. At the current rate of recovery, it will be many decades before the WB stream returns to pre-treatment SO4 concentrations. In contrast, NO3 is only weakly adsorbed in soil, and WB stream NO3 concentrations rapidly declined from ~39 μeq L-1 in 2010-16 to ~5 μeq L-1 in 2017-18, comparable to the N-limited EB stream. The acid anions are strongly coupled to base cation chemistry in streams, and there was a distinct hysteretic response of Ca and Mg to the chronic acidification, as (Ca+Mg) increased rapidly during the initial years, followed by declining values due to depletion of the soil exchange complex. This 30-year monitoring study (1989-2019) provides insights into recovery mechanisms from acidic deposition and highlights the role of abiotic processes in soil that mediate nutrient cycling and retention. Documenting the rapid response of N alongside the slower recovery for S identifies the temporal resolution necessary for other whole-watershed recovery studies.
Data in support of "Chemical Contrast by Diffraction and Debye-Waller scattering in SHeM"
<p>The videos show simulated Scanning Helium Microscope scans of two samples of Lithium Fluoride. As the samples are moved away from the microscope detector, one can see successive diffraction peaks entering the detector, showing contrast based on helium atom diffraction.</p>
Phylogenomics and contrasting modes of genome evolution in Ascomycota
<p>332 Saccharomycotina assemblies <br> 761 Pezizomycotina assemblies<br> 14 Taphrinomycotina assemblies<br> 6 Basidiomycota (outgroup) assemblies</p> <p>Proteomes of 1,107 Ascomycota</p>
Data for Halpin et al, 'Pattern contrast influences wariness in naïve predators towards aposematic patterns'
<p>The experimental data for the paper 'Pattern contrast influences wariness in naïve predators towards aposematic patterns' by Halpin et al (2020), published in Scientific Reports. The file contains the behaviour of domestic chicks (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>) towards prey that varied in their visual pattern, and specifically whether or not chicks attacked or ate prey (0=not attacked/eaten, 1=attacked/eaten) in each of the five experimental trials. </p>
Data from: The effect of root-associated microbes on plant growth and chemical defence traits across two contrasted elevations,
<p>1. Ecotypic differences in plant growth and anti-herbivore defence phenotypes are determined by the complex interactions between the abiotic and the biotic environment.</p> <p>2. Root-associated microbes (RAMs) are pervasive in nature, vary over climatic gradients, and have been shown to influence the expression of multiple plant functional traits related to biomass accumulation and biotic interactions. We addressed how variation in climatic conditions between lowland and sub-alpine habitats in the Alps and RAMs can independently or interactively affect plant growth and anti-herbivore defence trait expression.</p> <p>3. To address the contribution of climate and RAMs on growth and chemical defences of high- and low-elevation Plantago major ecotypes, we performed a full-factorial reciprocal transplant field experiment at two elevations. We coupled it with plant functional trait measurements and metabolomics analyses.</p> <p>4. We found that local growing climatic conditions mostly influenced how the ecotypes grew, but we also found that the high- and low-elevation ecotypes improved biomass accumulation if in the presence of their own-elevation RAMs. Second, we found that while chemical defence expression was affected by climate, they were also more highly expressed when plants were inoculated with low elevation RAMs.</p> <p>5. Synthesis – Our research demonstrated that RAMs from contrasted elevations impact how plants grow or synthesize toxic secondary metabolites. At low elevation, where biotic interactions are stronger, RAMs enhance plant biomass accumulation and the production of toxic secondary metabolites.</p>
Data from: Climate synchronises shrub growth across a high-arctic archipelago: contrasting implications of summer and winter warming
<p>Climate change is most pronounced at high latitudes, where plant and animal populations are often strongly influenced by environmental fluctuations related to climate and weather. Environmental conditions can co-fluctuate over large distances and thereby synchronise primary production in space. However, large-scale studies of such spatiotemporal patterns remain rare in the Arctic, where short time-series and poor spatial replication have characterised the data available on both biotic and abiotic parameters. Here, we use dendrochronological tools to measure ring growth of a dominant dwarf shrub, the polar willow (<i>Salix polaris</i> Wahlenb.), previously found to reliably trace community-level vascular plant biomass production. We investigated climate drivers of vegetation growth and their role in the synchronisation of primary production across the rapidly warming archipelago of Svalbard (n = 8 sites, composed of 17 sub-sites, 0.06-293 km apart). We found contrasting effects of summer versus winter weather on ring growth and its spatial synchrony. Although an overall positive effect of summer temperature caused spatially synchronous growth, negative impacts of winter rain-on-snow events occurred only locally, potentially counteracting such synchrony. However, the anticipated increase in both summer temperature and spatial extent of rain-on-snow events, causing basal ice encapsulation of the vegetation, could change the relative importance of seasons for spatiotemporal dynamics of shrub growth. Because these shrub ring growth chronologies reflect annual fluctuations in total vascular plant biomass, fuelling the bottom-up controlled food-web, these results have large implications for our understanding of how climate change shapes tundra ecosystem productivity in time and space.</p>
Data from: Contrasting signatures of genomic divergence during sympatric speciation
<p>The transition from "well-marked varieties" into "well-defined species" has puzzled evolutionary biologists ever since Darwin — especially when extensive gene flow between incipient species is possible due to the lack of physical barriers (sympatric speciation). Gene flow counteracts the build-up of genome-wide differentiation, which is both a hallmark of speciation and forms the underlying basis of irreversible reproductive barriers (incompatibilities) that ultimately complete the speciation process. Theory predicts that the genetic architecture of divergently selected traits can influence whether sympatric speciation occurs. However, empirical data to test this prediction remain rare and are often difficult to synthesize across animal taxa due to idiosyncrasies in their biology and evolutionary histories. Here, within a young species complex of Neotropical cichlid fish (<i>Amphilophus spp.</i>), we analyzed genomic divergence among populations and species, and the genetic architecture of traits that have been suggested to be important for this divergence, by generating a new genome assembly and re-sequencing 453 genomes. We found that species differing in mono/oligogenic traits affecting ecological performance and/or mate choice show remarkably localized genomic differentiation. In contrast, differentiation between species that diverged in polygenic traits is widespread and much higher overall, consistent with the evolution of effective and stable genome-wide barriers to gene flow. Thus, we conclude that simple trait architectures are not always as conducive to speciation-with-gene-flow as previously suggested, whereas, unexpectedly, polygenic architectures can promote rapid and stable speciation in sympatry.</p>
Data from: Contrasting patterns of local adaptation along climatic gradients between a sympatric parasitic and autotrophic tree species
<p>Sympatric tree species are subject to similar climatic drivers, posing a question as to whether they display comparable adaptive responses. However, no study has explicitly examined local adaptation of co-occurring parasitic and autotrophic plant species to the abiotic environment. Here we test the hypotheses that a generalist parasitic tree would display a weaker signal of selection and genomic variation would associate with fewer climatic variables (particularly precipitation) but have similar spatial patterns to a sympatric autotrophic tree species. To test these hypotheses, we collected samples from 17 sites across the range of two tree species, the hemi-parasite <i>Nuytsia floribunda</i> (<i>n</i>=264) and sympatric autotroph<i> Melaleuca rhaphiophylla </i>(<i>n</i>=272). We obtained 5,531 high-quality genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for <i>M. rhaphiophylla</i> and 6,727 SNPs for <i>N. floribunda</i> using DArTseq™ genome scan technology. Population differentiation and environmental association approaches were used to identify signals of selection. Generalized dissimilarly modelling was used to detect climatic and spatial patterns of local adaptation across climatic gradients. Overall, 322 SNPs were identified as putatively adaptive for the autotroph, while only 57 SNPs were identified for the parasitic species. We found genomic variation to associate with different sets of bioclimatic variables for each species, with precipitation relatively less important for the parasite. Spatial patterns of predicted adaptive variability were different and indicate that co-occurring species with disparate life history traits may not respond equally to selective pressures (i.e. temperature and precipitation). Together, these findings provide insight into local adaptation of sympatric parasitic and autotrophic tree species to abiotic environments.</p>
Data from: Contrasting species decline but high sensitivity to increasing water stress on a mixed pine-oak ecotone
<p>1. Forest decline under environmental stress is expressed by regeneration failure and accelerated mortality in all ontogenic stages at the population level. Characterizing functional traits and mechanisms that best capture species decline and mortality is essential to assess forest dynamics. 2. We analyzed sensitivity to increasing water stress in two species with different water-use strategies on a mixed Quercus pyrenaica - Pinus sylvestris forest where adult pines express vulnerability to climate change but oaks do not. We compared dynamics of radial growth, wood δ13C and sapwood nonstructural carbohydrates (NSC) in response to drought at different time scales in both species and two age-cohorts in pine. 3. Both species were very sensitive to water stress, which influenced trait phenotypic plasticity at short- and long-time scales. Water-use strategy in pines of both ages was more conservative than in the more drought-tolerant oak. Both species showed negative growth trends despite increasing iWUE. Recent growth of pines is slower than it was in the past. Carbon isotope discrimination trends in young pines suggested increasing leaf gas exchange constraints. NSC were far from depletion in both species and all pine ages. Intra- and inter-annual NSC variability was higher in oaks than in pines and in soluble sugars (SS) than in starch. SS were lowest in young pines. Sensitivity of NSC to contrasting climatic years was low in pines, which NSC mostly remained homeostatic. The sensitivity to climate expressed suggests different C-allocation strategies, with less coupling between radial growth and current year photosynthesis in young pines. 4. Synthesis. Pines expressed negative responses to increased water stress regardless of age, showing rising gas-exchange constraints through tighter stomatal control of water losses than oaks. Young pines showed similar functional responses to water stress than old pines in decline, which suggests species-level vulnerability and could be regarded as early-warning signals anticipating mortality in pines. Yet, given the high sensitivity to drought also expressed by the non-declining oak, it would have been difficult to unequivocally disentangle species decline based only on the traits analysed.</p>
Dispersal and migration have contrasting effects on butterfly flight morphology and reproduction
Movement may fundamentally alter morphology and reproductive states in insects. In long-distance migrants, reproductive diapause is associated with trade-offs between diverse life history traits such as flight morphology and lifespan. However, many non-diapausing insects engage in shorter resource-driven dispersals. How diapause and other reproductive states alter flight morphology in migrating versus dispersing insects is poorly understood. To find out, we compared flight morphology in different reproductive states of multiple butterfly species. We found that dispersers consisted of ovulating females with higher egg-loads compared to non-dispersing females. This trend was in stark contrast to that of migrating female butterflies in reproductive diapause that made substantially higher investment in flight tissue compared to reproductively active, non-migrating females. Thus, long-distance migration and shorter resource-driven dispersals had contrasting effects on flight morphology and egg-loads. In contrast, male flight morphology was not affected by dispersal, migration, or associated reproductive states. Thus, dispersal and migration affected resource allocation in flight and reproductive tissue in a sex-specific manner across relatively mobile versus non-dispersing individuals of different species. These findings suggest that dispersals between fragmented habitats may put extra stress on egg-carrying females by increasing their flight burdens.
Data From: Contrasting physiological traits of shade tolerance in Pinus and Podocarpaceae native to a tropical Vietnamese forest: Insight from an aberrant flat-leaved pine
<p>The absence of pines from tropical forests is a puzzling biogeographical oddity potentially explained by traits of shade intolerance. <i>Pinus krempfii</i>, a flat-leaved pine endemic to the Central Highlands of Vietnam, provides a notable exception as it seems to successfully compete with shade-tolerant tropical species. Here, we test the hypothesis that successful conifer performance at the juvenile stage depends on physiological traits of shade tolerance by comparing the physiological characteristics of <i>P. krempfii </i>to coexisting species from the genus <i>Pinus</i> and from the Podocarpaceae, a relatively abundant and shade tolerant conifer family found in pantropical forests. We examined leaf photosynthetic, respiratory and biochemical traits. Additionally, we compiled attainable maximum photosynthesis, maximum RuBP carboxylation (<i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>) and maximum electron transport (<i>J</i><sub>max</sub>) values for <i>Pinus</i> and Podocarpaceae species from the literature. In our literature compilation, <i>P. krempfii </i>was intermediate between <i>Pinus</i> and Podocarpaceae in its maximum photosynthesis and its <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>. <i>Pinus</i> exhibited a higher <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub> than Podocarpaceae, resulting in a less steep slope in the linear relationship between <i>J</i><sub>max</sub> and <i>Vc</i><sub>max</sub>. These results suggest that <i>Pinus </i>may be more shade intolerant than Podocarpaceae with <i>P. krempfii </i>falling between the two groups. However, in contrast, Vietnamese conifers' leaf mass per areas and biochemical traits did not highlight the same intermediate nature of <i>P. krempfii</i>. Furthermore, regardless of leaf shape or family assignation, all species demonstrated a common carbon gain efficiency. Overall, our findings highlight the importance of shade tolerance for conifer survival in tropical forests. However, they also demonstrate a diversity of shade tolerance strategies, all of which lead to the persistence of Vietnamese juvenile conifers in low-light tropical understories.</p>
Foraging in nature: contrasting responses to resource heterogeneity at small and large spatial scales.
<p>A key problem faced by foragers is how to forage when resources are distributed heterogeneously in space. This heterogeneity and associated trade-offs may change with spatial scale. Furthermore, foragers may also have to optimize acquiring multiple resources. Such complexity of decision-making while foraging is poorly understood. We studied the butterfly <i>Ypthima huebneri</i> to examine how foraging decisions of adults are influenced by spatial scale and multiple resources. We predicted that, at a small-spatial scale, the time spent foraging in a patch should be proportional to resources in the patch, but at large-spatial scales, due to limitations arising from large travel costs, this relationship should turn negative. We also predicted that both adult and larval resources should jointly affect foraging butterflies. To test these predictions, we laid eleven plots, and sub-divided them into patches. We mapped nectar and larval resources and measured butterfly behavior in these patches and plots. We found that adult foraging behavior showed contrasting relationships with adult resource density at small versus large-spatial scales. At the smaller-spatial scale, butterflies spent more time feeding in resource-rich patches, whereas at the large-scale, butterflies spent more time feeding in resource-poor plots. Furthermore, both adult and larval resources appeared to affect foraging decisions, suggesting that individuals may optimize search costs for different resources. Overall, our findings suggest that the variation in foraging behavior seen in foragers might result from animals responding to complex ecological conditions, such as, resource heterogeneity at multiple spatial scales and the challenges of tracking multiple resources.</p>
Data from: Contrasting population structure and demographic history of cereal aphids in different environmental and agricultural landscapes
<p>Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms files and phylogonetic trees of S. miscanthi samples collected in China and S. avenae from the UK used to study the population genetics analyses of these species. These are:</p> <p>China_samples_vcf.zip: dataset of SNPs from S. miscanthi sampled in 10 populations of China obtained using FreeBayes (in vcf format).</p> <p>China_samples_vcf_filtered.zip: SNPs from S. miscanthi after filtering the file China_samples_vcf.zip using vcftools (max-missing 0.75, minDP 3, mac 3, minQ 30, remove-indels, thin 2000, max-missing 0.9, thin 5000). This file was used in all population genetic analyses of the Chinese populations in the paper, transforming to the appropriate formats.</p> <p>China_samples_SNPs.fas: fasta file of phased SNPs used to estimate the phylogeny of S. miscanthi haplotypes using RAxML.</p> <p>China_RAxML_phylogeny_newick.tre: RAxML phylogenetic tree in newick format obtained with China_samples_SNPs.fas.</p> <p>England_samples_vcf.zip: dataset of SNPs from S. avenae sampled in 12 populations of England obtained using FreeBayes (in vcf format).</p> <p>England_samples_vcf_filtered.zip: SNPs from S. avenae after filtering the file England_samples_vcf.zip using vcftools (max-missing 0.5, mac 3, minQ 30, minDP 3, max-missing 0.5, exclude individuals with 50% missing data, max-missing 0.75, remove-indels, thin 2000). This file was used in all population genetic analyses of the English populations in the paper, transforming the vcf to the corresponding formats.</p> <p>England_samples_SNPs.fas: fasta file of phased SNPs.</p> <p>England_samples_SNPs_polymorphic.fas: fasta file of phased SNPs used in the phylogenetic reconstruction of S. avenae haplotypes using RAxML. This file is the same as England_samples_SNPs.fas after removing sites which were not polymorphic (e.g. a site that contains N and T in different samples is not considered polymorphic for RAxML and has to be removed)</p> <p>England_RAxML_phylogeny_newick.tre: RAxML phylogenetic tree in newick format obtained with England_samples_SNPs_polymorphic.fas.</p>
Contrasting Collision-induced Far-field Orogenesis Controlled by Thermo–rheological Properties of the Composite Terrane - Dataset
<p>This is the dataset for the paper "Contrasting Collision-induced Far-field Orogenesis Controlled by Thermo–rheological Properties of the Composite Terrane" that has been submitted to "Geophysical Research Letters".</p>
Pre-introduction introgression contributes to parallel differentiation and contrasting hybridisation outcomes between invasive and native marine mussels
<p class="CxSpFirst">Non-native species experience novel selection pressures in introduced environments and may interbreed with native lineages. Species introductions therefore provide opportunities to investigate repeated patterns of adaptation and introgression across replicated contact zones. Here, we investigate genetic parallelism between multiple introduced populations of the invasive marine mussel, <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, in the absence (South Africa and California) and presence of hybridisation with a native congener (<i>Mytilus planulatus</i> in Batemans Bay and Sydney Harbour, Australia). Repeatability in post-introduction differentiation from native-range populations varied between genetically distinct Atlantic and Mediterranean lineages, with Atlantic-derived introductions displaying high differentiation (<i>maxFST</i>>0.4) and parallelism at outlier loci. Identification of long non-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNA) additionally allowed us to clarify that parallel responses are largely limited to protein-coding loci, with lncRNAs likely evolving under evolutionary constraints. Comparisons of independent hybrid zones revealed differential introgression most strongly in Batemans Bay, with an excess of <i>M. galloprovincialis</i> ancestry and resistance to introgression at loci differentiating parental lineages (<i>M. planulatus</i> and Atlantic <i>M. galloprovincialis</i>)<i>. </i>Additionally, contigs putatively introgressed with divergent alleles from a closely related species, <i>Mytilus edulis, </i>showed stronger introgression asymmetries compared to genome-wide trends and also diverged in parallel in both Atlantic-derived introductions. These results suggest that divergent demographic histories experienced by introduced lineages, including pre-introduction introgression, influences contemporary admixture dynamics. Our findings build on previous investigations reporting contributions of historical introgression to intrinsic reproductive architectures shared between marine lineages and illustrate that interspecific introgression history can shape differentiation between colonising populations and their hybridisation with native congeners.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.