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22,455 results for “Diversion”
MCR LTER: Coral Reef: Fish Counts versus Coral Diversity for Holbrook, et al. PLoS One 2015
To test the impact of the regional species pool on the coral-fish diversity relationship, the same experiment was conducted in lagoons of Schumann Island in Kimbe Bay, Papua New Guinea (5°31’S, 150°5’E), Lizard Island on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia (14º 41’S, 145º 27’E), and Moorea in French Polynesia (17° 30’S, 149° 50’W). Divers counted individuals of all species observed on or interacting with 45 patch reefs were constructed using six abundant, co-occurring coral species that were major habitat providers for fish. Fish were allowed to naturally colonize over 8-12 months and the patch reefs were surveyed by scuba divers four times during the period. The species of corals used in the experiment were selected to include species that exhibit a broad range of structural morphologies and potential sensitivities to climate change and other environmental stressors. These data support the manuscript: Holbrook, Sally J., Russel J. Schmitt, Vanessa Messmer, Andrew J. Brooks, Maya Srinivasan, Philip L. Munday and Geoffrey P. Jones, Reef Fishes in Biodiversity Hotspots are at Greatest Risk from Loss of Coral Species, accepted 2015, PLoS One.
The diversity and function of the peanut pods-associated microbiota and their effects on aflatoxin contamination in China
<p>In essence, these results are instructive for developing novel aflatoxin-control technology, selecting for better peanut species, and predicting aflatoxin contamination, therefore are of great interest for improving peanut quality and safety. </p>
Geographical gradients of genetic diversity and differentiation among the southernmost marginal populations of Abies sachalinensis revealed by EST-SSR polymorphism
Research Highlights: We detected the longitudinal gradients of genetic diversity parameters, such as the number of alleles, effective number of alleles, heterozygosity, and inbreeding coefficient, and found that these might be attributable to climatic conditions, such as temperature and snow depth. Background and Objectives: Genetic diversity among local populations of a plant species at its distributional margin has long been of interest in ecological genetics. Populations at the distribution center grow well in favorable conditions, but those at the range margins are exposed to unfavorable environments, and the environmental conditions at establishment sites might reflect the genetic diversity of local populations. This is known as the central-marginal hypothesis in which marginal populations show lower genetic variation and higher differentiation than do central populations. In addition, genetic variation in a local population is influenced by phylogenetic constraints and the population history of selection under environmental constraints. In this study, we investigated this hypothesis in relation to Abies sachalinensis, a major conifer species in Hokkaido. Materials and methods: A total of 1,189 trees from 25 natural populations were analyzed using 19 EST-SSR loci. Results: The eastern populations; namely, those in the species distribution center, showed greater genetic diversity than did the western peripheral populations. Another important finding is that the southwestern marginal populations were highly differentiated from the other populations. Conclusions: These differences might be due to genetic drift in the small and isolated populations at the range margin. Therefore, our results indicated that the central-marginal hypothesis held true for the southernmost A. sachalinensis populations in Hokkaido.
High MHC gene copy number maintains diversity despite homozygosity in a Critically Endangered single-island endemic bird, but no evidence of MHC-based mate choice
<p>Raw sequence data from two amplicon libraries of MHC class I exon 3 of Raso Lark <em>Alauda razae</em>, sequenced on an Illumina Miseq. The two different libraries (two different Illumina runs) are collected in separat tar archive (.tar). Within each of those are individual sequence reads as gzipped fastq files (.fastq.gz). Each sample has two files, one for read 1 (R1) and one for read 2 (R2), with file names structured as follows. Delimited by underscore (_) are:</p> <ol> <li>sample name as referred to in the data and paper (“RingNo” in the Supporting data table);</li> <li>formal ID (also referred to in data table, often corresponding to full ring number);</li> <li>Illumina sample number (i.e. based on the order that samples are listed in the sample sheet);</li> <li>Illumina lane number (static as L001, as Miseq instruments have a single lane on their flow cells);</li> <li>read number (R1 [forward] or R2 [reverse]);</li> <li>static identifier from Illumina (001).</li> </ol> <p>Thus, the file 83304_TJ83304_S163_L001_R2_001.fastq.gz is the reverse (read 2) MHC class I exon 3 sequence of individual 83304 (ring number TJ83304).</p>
Fig. 3 in Revision of Bairdiella (Sciaenidae: Perciformes) from the western South Atlantic, with insights into its diversity and biogeography
Fig. 3. The Atlantic coast of North, Central, and South America showing the geographic distribution of Bairdiella goeldi sp. nov. (yellow = molecular north–northeastern lineage, light blue = molecular southeastern lineage, white = no molecular data), B. ronchus (red), and B. veraecrucis (green). Some symbols represent more than one locality or a large number of specimens.
Fig. 3 in Genetic diversity and population structure of Brycon nattereri (Characiformes: Bryconidae): a Neotropical fish under threat of extinction
Fig. 3. Haplotype network based on partial sequencing of the D-loop region (mtDNA) of 92 individuals of Brycon nattereri from the Laranjinha River. Circle sizes are pro- portional to haplotype frequency.
FIG. 2. — Asterolepis alticristata n in Asterolepis alticristata n. sp. (Antiarchi) from the Upper Devonian (Frasnian) of Nunavut, Canada, and a report on the antiarch diversity of the Fram Formation
FIG. 2. — Asterolepis alticristata n. sp., NUFV 897, holotype, anterior median dorsal plate in visceral (A, photograph; A', labeled illustration), cranial (B), left lateral (C), and dermal (D) views. Abbreviations: cd.PMD, area overlapped by the posterior median dorsal plate; cv.ADL, area overlapping the anterior dorsolateral plate; cv.Mxl, area overlapping the mixilateral plate; lc, lateral corner; op.r oblique posterolateral ridge. Scale bar: 5 cm.
Fig. 5 in Fish beta diversity responses to environmental heterogeneity and flood pulses are different according to reproductive guild
Fig. 5. Relationship between beta diversity (mean distance to centroid), environmental heterogeneity and period of the hydrological cycle. a. Beta diversity of non-migratory fish species with external fertilization and parental care (NEFC); b. beta diversity of non-migratory fish species with internal fertilization (NIF).
Fig. 4 in Fish beta diversity responses to environmental heterogeneity and flood pulses are different according to reproductive guild
Fig. 4. Beta diversity variation among the guilds. The boxes represent the interquartile ranges, the horizontal lines indicate the medians, the bars indicate the minimum and maximum values, and the closed diamonds represent the mean beta diversity of each guild. LMEF: long-distance migratory and external fertilization; NEFC: non-migratory with external fertilization and parental care; NEFW: nonmigratory with external fertilization without parental care; NIF: non-migratory with internal fertilization; DET: detritivorous; HER: herbivorous; INS: insectivorous; INV: invertivorous; ONI: omnivorous; and PIS: piscivorous.
Fig. 2 in Fish beta diversity responses to environmental heterogeneity and flood pulses are different according to reproductive guild
Fig. 2. Hydrometric-level (a) and environmental heterogeneity (b) variation between 2000 and 2012 in the Paraná River. The horizontal black dashed line indicates the flood level of the floodplain. Source: ANA - Estação Fluviométrica of Porto São José, PR.
Fig. 2 in Fish diversity in the cascade of reservoirs along the Paranapanema River, southeast Brazil
Fig. 2. Species accumulation curves controlled by sampling effort (47 samples). Curves were calculated separately for native and non-native species.
Fig. 1 in Fish diversity in the cascade of reservoirs along the Paranapanema River, southeast Brazil
Fig. 1. The cascade of dams (red squares) along the Paranapanema River. Dams: 1 = Jurumirim; 2 = Piraju; 3 = Paranapanema; 4 = Chavantes; 5 = Ourinhos; 6 = Salto Grande; 7 = Canoas II; 8 = Canoas I; 9 = Capivara; 10 = Taquaruçu; 11 = Rosana. States: MS = Mato Grosso do Sul; PR = Paraná; SP = São Paulo.
FIG. 8 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978
FIG. 8. — Outlines of orifice, apertural bar, avicularium and portion of costate shield and gymnocyst: A, Collarina gautieri Harmelin, n. sp.; B, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.; C, C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp. Scale bar: 100 µm (orifices), 50 µm (avicularia).
FIG. 5 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978
FIG. 5. — Collarina fayalensis Harmelin, 1978: A-C, non-ovicelled and ovicelled autozooids showing the structure and limited extent of the costate shield, orifice dimorphism, small spines and relatively narrow avicularia; D, non-ovicelled zooid, for marginal pores; E, drawing from Harmelin (1978: fig. 9); F, distal part of a non-ovicelled zooid from a colony edge; G, proximal half of costate shield, note the distribution of pelmata and the shape of the basal intercostal spaces. Origin: Azores - Saô Miguel, Vila Franca Is., 15 m (A-C, F, G); Formigas Is., 15 m, 'Jean Charcot' Biaçores 1971, P.43 (D); Faial, 'Jean Charcot' Biaçores 1971, P.11 (E). Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B-D, 100 µm, F, 50 µm; G, 25 µm.
FIG. 3 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978
FIG. 3. — Collarina balzaci (Audouin, 1826), NW Mediterranean: A, B, ovicelled and non-ovicelled zooids, note the abundance of large pseudopores (pelmata) on both the spinocyst and the ooecium; C, distal portion of a non-ovicelled zooid with no adventitious avicularia; D, distal portion of an ovicelled zooid, note the broader orifice, the shape of the apertural bar and the position of the adventitious avicularium; E, structure of the costate shield and the peripheral gymnocyst; F, adventitious avicularium with rostrum finely serrated, slightly hooked tip, and broad, rounded opesia; G, ancestrula with five spines, partly covered by filamentous microphyte. Origin: Marseille, Planier Islet, on Posidonia leaf. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B, G, 100 µm; C-E, 50 µm; F, 25 µm.
FIG. 10 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978
FIG. 10. — Collarina gautieri Harmelin, n. sp., NE Atlantic: A, Lepralia punctata Hassall, 1841: Busk 1854, pl. 96, fig. 3; B, C, ovicelled and non-ovicelled autozooids, note the typically curved spines associated with ovicells, the orientation of the avicularia and the respective extent of costate shield and gymnocyst; D, part of a young colony including the ancestrula (right) and the colony edge with 2 ovicelled zooids (left); E, non-ovicelled zooid (right) and fertile zooid with an early stage of the ooecium formation (middle), note the typical shape of the orifices and the structure of the costate shield with large marginal pelmata; F, ancestrula. Origin: B, Devon, coll. by JDB; C, NHMUK 1973.4.6.1, Raasay Sound, Scotland: Species A, Bishop (1986); D, Galicia, Malpica; E, Galicia, Ferrol; F, Algarve, coll. by JS. Scale bars: B, D, 200 µm; E, F, 100 µm.
FIG. 7 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978
FIG. 7. — Outlines of orifice, apertural bar, avicularium and portion of costate shield and gymnocyst: A, Collarina balzaci (Audouin, 1826); B, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978, C, C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp. Scale bar: 100 µm (orifices), 50 µm (avicularia).
FIG. 12 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978
FIG. 12. — Collarina macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.: A, B, colony edge, general view and detail with ovicelled and non-ovicelled zooids; C, oblique view: structure of costate shield, apertural bar, paired and apical avicularia; D, G, non-ovicelled zooids with typical traits: concave orifice poster, avicularia directed disto-laterally, costate shield with lower central part and digitate margin, large pelmata also present on the gymnocyst; E, Collarina balzaci (Audouin, 1826): Harmelin (1978a, fig. 8), Azores, Faial; F, distal part of non-ovicelled zooid with typical orifice, apertural bar with large and small pseudopores, and 3 spines; H, specimen from a continental area. Origin: A, B, NHMUK 1899.7.1.2105, Madeira, J.Y. Johnson leg.; C, NHMUK 1911.10.1.705, Madeira; D, F, G, MNHN-IB-2014-1927, Madeira, Baixo Is.; H, Galicia, Sisargas Is. Scale bars: A, 400 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, H 100 µm; F, G, 50 µm.
FIG. 15 in Unexpected diversity of the genus Collarina Jullien, 1886 (Bryozoa, Cheilostomatida) in the NE Atlantic-Mediterranean region: new species and reappraisal of C. balzaci (Audouin, 1826) and C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978
FIG. 15. — Types of ooecia in Collarina Jullien, 1886 species: A-C, kenozooidal ooecia with and without distal avicularium (A, C. speluncola Harmelin, n. sp; B, C. fayalensis Harmelin, 1978; C, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp.); D, C. denticulata Harmelin, n. sp., colony portion with two kenozooidal ooecia (left) and three ooecia incorporated in distal autozooid (right); E, C. macaronensis Harmelin, n. sp., 2 ovicelled zooids with kenozooidal ooecium (left) vs ooecium incorporated in distal autozooid (right). Origin: A, Marseille, Conger Cave; B, Azores, Saô Miguel, Vila Franca Is.; C, E, Madeira, NHMUK 1911.10.1.705; D, Catalonia, Medes Is. Scale bars: A-C, E 100 µm, D, 200 µm.
Natural variation across Arabidopsis diversity panel in early responses to salt stress
<p>The data of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions which were grown according to the established protocol for studying salt stress in soil experiment (described in detail here dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.4xzgxp6), in the PSI facility, Czech Republic. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.