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570 results for “Exposure data”
Data from: The transgenerational consequences of paternal social isolation and predation exposure in threespined sticklebacks
<p>Parents routinely encounter stress in the ecological environment that can affect offspring development (transgenerational plasticity: TGP); however, parents' interactions with conspecifics may alter how parents respond to ecological stressors. During social buffering, the presence of conspecifics can reduce the response to or increase the speed of recovery from a stressor. This may have cascading effects on offspring if conspecifics can mitigate parental responses to ecological stress in ways that blunt the transmission of stress-induced transgenerational effects. Here, we simultaneously manipulated both paternal social isolation and experience with predation risk prior to fertilization in threespined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). We generated offspring via in-vitro fertilization to allow us to isolate paternal effects mediated via sperm alone (i.e., in the absence of paternal care). If social buffering mitigates TGP induced by paternal exposure to predation risk, then we expect the transgenerational effects of predation exposure to be weaker when a conspecific is present compared to when the father is isolated. Offspring of predator-exposed fathers showed reduced anxiety-like behavior and tended to be captured faster by the predator. Fathers who were socially isolated also had offspring that were captured faster by a live predator, suggesting that paternal social isolation may have maladaptive effects on how offspring respond to ecological stressors. Despite additive effects of paternal social isolation and paternal predation risk, we found no evidence of an interaction between these paternal treatments, suggesting that the presence of a conspecific did not buffer fathers and/or offspring from the effects of predation risk. Our results suggest that socially-induced stress is an important, yet underappreciated, mediator of TGP and can elicit transgenerational effects even in species that do not form permanent social groups. Future studies should therefore consider how the parental social environment can affect both within and trans-generational responses to ecological stressors.</p>
Experimental data from long-term elevated pCO2 exposure in Pacific herring. Datasets include measurements of enviromental treatment conditions, growth and developmental traits, and mortality data from a disease challenge.
<p>This study evaluated the effects of ocean acidification on the health, survival, fitness, and disease susceptibility of early life stage Pacific herring. Wild larvae were reared from hatching under three pCO2 treatments [low (~650 μatm), intermediate (~1,500 μatm), and high (~3,000 μatm)] to determine the effects of elevated pCO2 on larval growth, yolk consumption, and foraging capabilities and to evaluate how chronic exposure to elevated pCO2 affects long-term growth and maximum swimming speed. After prolonged exposure (98 d), we tested how elevated pCO2 experienced during development altered the susceptibility of juvenile Pacific herring to VHS following water-borne exposure to VHSV. This directory includes datasets for: 1) daily pH and temperature measurements from replicate rearing tanks; 2) carbon chemistry measurements from discrete seawater samples; 3) morphometric and feeding data for larval herring (1 - 16 days post hatch); 4) standard length measurements from larval and juvenile samples (1 - 98 days post hatch); 5) All dry mass measurements from larval and juvenile samples (1 - 98 days post hatch); 6) survival statistics for whole experiment ( 1- 98 days post hatch); 7) maximum swim speed measurements on juvenile herring; 8) disease challenge mortality and viral titer data; 8) a README file containing information on the dataset. </p>
Data from: Field-realistic exposure to the novel insecticide flupyradifurone reduces reproductive output in a bumblebee (Bombus impatiens)
<p>Novel insecticides are continuously being developed for application in response to increased legal restriction of previously developed insecticides and resistance in target insects. These novel insecticides, such as flupyradifurone (FPF), remain relatively untested on non-target organisms, including bumblebees. Further, existing tests on honeybees tend to focus on adult mortality, and thus sub-lethal effects, such as impacts on reproductive output, are neglected, despite their importance for population-level impacts. To address if the novel insecticide FPF has sub-lethal effects on bumblebee reproduction and behavior, we established microcolonies and chronically exposed them to field-realistic concentrations over a 14-day period. We found that exposure to FPF reduced the bumblebees' reproductive output in terms of the number of larvae produced and the mean mass of each larval instar. FPF-treated bees also stored less sucrose and constructed fewer honeypots. However, adult bumblebee mortality was similar between control and FPF-exposed microcolonies. Our results show that field-realistic FPF exposure leads to increased larval mortality and/or delayed larval development, as well as reduced nectar storage, without affecting adult mortality. Policy implications: Insecticides that impair bumblebee reproduction can have long-term population-level consequences, even if adult bees do not experience increased mortality. Despite this fact, sub-lethal effects, such as impacts on reproduction, are not mandatorily assessed within the regulatory process. Our findings highlight the importance of determining sub-lethal effects of pesticides across developmental stages, as well as using pollinator species other than honeybees within the regulatory process.</p>
Table presenting field data, isotopic data and 10Be exposure ages of cliffs and caprock-derived boulders sampled on the southern slope of the mesa of Szczeliniec Wielki (Central Sudetes, Stołowe Mountains, SW Poland)
<p><span>This research was funded by National Science Centre, Poland, research project no. 2020/39/D/ST10/00861.</span></p> <p><span>The data in the table presents the results of cosmogenic </span><sup><span>10</span></sup><span>Be exposure dating of cliffs and hillslope boulders resting on the southern slope of the sandstone mesa of Szczeliniec Wielki (Central Sudetes, Stołowe Mountains, SW Poland). The total of 20 samples was collected with growing distance from the present-day cliff lines. The samples were collected in October 2021, whereas their treatment and analyses were conducted in the following months at the University of Zurich (UZH) and ETH Zurich, Switzerland.</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Bibliometric data for Heat exposure - Soccer
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Data for producing agreement circle plot and Jaccard index for six child violence exposure measures
<p>Data used in</p> <p><span>Elklit, A.; Pettersson, M.; Salbøg Petersen, A. & Nielsen, T.<em> (2024)</em>. </span><span>Is there consensus on child violence exposure measures? A study of six recommended instruments. <em>European Journal of Psychotraumatology</em>. <span> </span></span></p> <p><strong><span><span> </span></span></strong></p>
Radiation exposure and shielding effects on the lunar surface - supplementary data
<p>Supplementary data for submission of "Radiation exposure and shielding effects on the lunar surface"</p>
Data from the exposure of M.tuberculosis H37Rv to usnic acid
<p>Metabolomic and transcriptomic data were collected after Mycobacterium tuberfculosis H37Rv exposure to usnic acid (<span>512 μg/mL) for </span>24h. Data were collected from test and control cultures. In metabolomic experiment the whole cells and extracellular fractions were analysed and lipids were annotated.</p>
CONTAM Project Files and Exposure Data for An In Silico Investigation of Activity-Related Physical, Chemical, and Biological Pollutant Exposure in Basements Using CONTAM
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Input data for the exposure assessment case study on air pollution and noise for the province of Utrecht, the Netherlands
<p>Input datasets for the case study described in the manuscript "A computational framework for agent-based assessment of multiple environmental exposures".<br>Use the free 7-Zip to uncompress. Uncompressed size ca 103 GiB.</p> <p>The datasets are licensed under a Creative Commons license (CC-BY 4.0). Contact: o.schmitz@uu.nl</p>
Data from: Effects of prior exposure to antibiotics on bacterial adaptation to phages
Understanding adaptation to complex environments requires information about how exposure to one selection pressure affects adaptation to others. For bacteria, antibiotics and viral parasites (phages) are two of the most common selection pressures and are both relevant for treatment of bacterial infections: increasing antibiotic resistance is generating significant interest in using phages in addition or as an alternative to antibiotics. However, we lack knowledge of how exposure to antibiotics affects bacterial responses to phages. Specifically, it is unclear how the negative effects of antibiotics on bacterial population growth combine with any possible mutagenic effects or physiological responses to influence adaptation to other stressors such as phages, and how this net effect varies with antibiotic concentration. Here, we experimentally addressed the effect of pre-exposure to a wide range of antibiotic concentrations on bacterial responses to phages. Across 10 antibiotics, we found a strong association between their effects on bacterial population size and subsequent population growth in the presence of phages (which in these conditions indicates phage-resistance evolution). We detected some evidence of mutagenesis among populations treated with fluoroquinolones, quinolones and β-lactams at sub-lethal doses, but these effects were small and not consistent across phage treatments. These results show that, although stressors such as antibiotics can boost adaptation to other stressors at low concentrations, these effects are weak compared to the effect of reduced population growth at inhibitory concentrations, which in our experiments strongly reduced the likelihood of subsequent phage-resistance evolution.
Data from: Ecological drift and local exposures drive gastrointestinal bacterial community differences among Galápagos iguana populations
Diet strongly influences the intestinal microbial communities through species sorting. Alternatively, these communicates may differ because of chance variation in local microbial exposures or species losses among allopatric host populations (i.e. ecological drift). We investigated how these forces shape enteric communities of Galápagos marine and land iguanas. Geographically proximate populations shared more similar communities within a host ecotype, suggesting a role for ecological drift during host colonization of the islands. Additionally, evidence of taxa sharing between proximate heterospecific host populations suggests that contemporary local exposures also influence the gut community assembly. While selective forces such as host-bacterial interactions or dietary differences are dominant drivers of intestinal community differences among hosts, historical and contemporary processes of ecological drift may lead to differences in bacterial composition within a host species. Whether such differences in community structure translate into geographic variation in benefits derived from these intimate microbial communities remains to be explored.
Data from: Exposure to opposing temperature extremes causes comparable effects on Cardinium density but contrasting effects on Cardinium-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility
Terrestrial arthropods, including insects, commonly harbor maternally inherited intracellular symbionts that confer benefits to the host or manipulate host reproduction to favor infected female progeny. These symbionts may be especially vulnerable to thermal stress, potentially leading to destabilization of the symbiosis and imposing costs to the host. For example, increased temperatures can reduce the density of a common reproductive manipulator, Wolbachia, and the strength of its crossing incompatibility (cytoplasmic incompatibility, or CI) phenotype. Another manipulative symbiont, Cardinium hertigii, infects ~ 6-10% of Arthropods, and also can induce CI, but there is little homology between the molecular mechanisms of CI induced by Cardinium and Wolbachia. Here we investigated whether temperature disrupts the CI phenotype of Cardinium in a parasitic wasp host, Encarsia suzannae. We examined the effects of both warm (32°C day/ 29°C night) and cool (20°C day/ 17°C night) temperatures on Cardinium CI and found that both types of temperature stress modified aspects of this symbiosis. Warm temperatures reduced symbiont density, pupal developmental time, vertical transmission rate, and the strength of both CI modification and rescue. Cool temperatures also reduced symbiont density, however this resulted in stronger CI, likely due to cool temperatures prolonging the host pupal stage. The opposing effects of cool and warm-mediated reductions in symbiont density on the resulting CI phenotype indicates that CI strength may be independent of density in this system. Temperature stress also modified the CI phenotype only if it occurred during the pupal stage, highlighting the likely importance of this stage for CI induction in this symbiosis.
Data for manuscript:"Chronic exposure to sublethal levels of pesticides has significant effects on fitness and morphology in the ant, Cardiocondyla obscurior"
<p>All data used in analysis for manuscript "<strong>Chronic exposure to sublethal levels of pesticides has significant effects on fitness and morphology in the ant, <em>Cardiocondyla obscurior"</em></strong></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Raw and analyzed data for manuscript "Cold plasma for sustainable control of hygienically relevant biofilms. The interaction of plasma distance and exposure time"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>Managing biofilms on the surface of materials is one of the most important public health challenges. One of the possible approaches could be the treatment of biofilms with cold plasma as a sustainable and effective method to destroy biofilms. The aim of this study was to analyse the efficacy of a new open-source cold plasma device especially adapted for treatment with low power consumption of 35 W. We tested the reduction of bacterial cells in biofilms of <em>E. coli, S. aureus</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em> after treatment with different exposure times and distance regimes. The results show great antibacterial potential in the form of distinct zones of inhibition on solid growth media. In addition, analysis of biofilm efficacy shows significant differences between bacterial cells, suggesting that Gramme-positive <em>S. aureus</em> is less susceptible to plasma treatment than Gramme-negative <em>E. coli</em> and <em>P. aeruginosa</em>. The results show that increasing the exposure time and decreasing the distance between the nozzle and the biofilm decreases the number of cells in the biofilm (p < 0.05). However, the combination of close distance and long exposure time resulted in synergistic effects in bacterial reduction. We demonstrated a reduction of up to 6.6 CFU cm<sup>2</sup> for <em>E. coli</em> at a distance of 1 mm and an exposure time of 60 seconds. All these indicate that the new cold plasma jet device can be an important key to ensure surface hygiene and numerous applications in medicine and engineering are possible.</p>
Data from: Geothermal stickleback populations prefer cool water despite multigenerational exposure to a warm environment
<p>Given the threat of climate change to biodiversity, a growing number of studies are investigating the potential for organisms to adapt to rising temperatures. Earlier work has predicted that physiological adaptation to climate change will be accompanied by a shift in temperature preferences, but empirical evidence for this is lacking. Here, we test whether exposure to different thermal environments has led to changes in preferred temperatures in the wild. Our study takes advantage of a 'natural experiment' in Iceland, where freshwater populations of threespine sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are found in waters warmed by geothermal activity year-round (warm habitats), adjacent to populations in ambient-temperature lakes (cold habitats). We used a shuttle-box approach to measure temperature preferences of wild-caught sticklebacks from three warm-cold population pairs. Our prediction was that fish from warm habitats would prefer higher water temperatures than those from cold habitats. We found no support for this, as fish from both warm and cold habitats had an average preferred temperature of 13oC. Thus, our results challenge the assumption that there will be a shift in ectotherm temperature preferences in response to climate change. In addition, since warm-habitat fish can persist at relatively high temperatures despite a lower temperature preference, this suggests that preferred temperature alone may be a poor indicator of a population's adaptive potential to a novel thermal environment.</p>
Supplementary Data for Manuscript : "Application of OSL surface exposure dating with the use of two-dimensional OSL laser scanning instruments and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy'
<p>Contains all supplementary works mentioned in the manuscript.</p>
Data from: Maternal predator-exposure has life-long consequences for offspring learning in threespined sticklebacks
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Data from: Evidence for carry-over effects of predator exposure on pathogen transmission potential
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Data from: Adult exposure to ocean acidification is maladaptive for larvae of the Sydney rock oyster Saccostrea glomerata in the presence of multiple stressors
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