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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Processed data supporting figures in Yang et al. 2023: Oceanic eddies induce a rapid formation of an internal wave continuum

This data repository supports a manuscript by Luwei Yang, Roy Barkan, Kaushik Srinivasan, James C. McWilliams, Callum J. Shakespeare, and Angus H. Gibson, submitted to Communications Earth & Environment. This repository contains the processed data that support the figures in the manuscript.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Data for Figures 4, S2, S7-9 and emission data in the Publication "Enhanced Light Absorption and Radiative Forcing by Black Carbon Agglomerates"

This repository contains the data to produce Figure 4, S2, S7-9 and emission data for the paper: "Kelesidis, G. A., Neubauer, D., Fan, L.-S., Lohmann, U., & Pratsinis, S. E. (2022). Enhanced light absorption and radiative forcing by black carbon agglomerates. Environmental Science and Technology, 56(12), 8610– 8618. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c00428">https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.2c00428</a> " Note that the scripts are to be found in the accompanying package (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8167401)

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Study of pig manure digestate pretreatment - Results and Figures

This work evaluates the release of phosphorus contained in the digestate from the anaerobic digestion of pig manure, through an acidification process. The objective of this acidification is to increase the amount of phosphorus available in the digestate liquid fraction and, subsequently, recover this element by chemical precipitation in the form of struvite or calcium phosphate. Two digestate samples (one fresh and one old) were studied and treated by adding various amounts of sulphuric acid to the different digestate fractions (raw digestate, solid fraction and liquid fraction). For the raw digestate, phosphorus releases higher than 95% were obtained for pH 4.0. In the last part of the experiment, the influence of acid pre-treatment on the reaction yield of phosphorus precipitation, in the form of struvite or calcium phosphate, was determined. Improvements in reaction yield were obtained up to 15% for struvite and 80% for calcium phosphate, increasing also in 7.5 times the amount of phosphorus available in the digestate liquid fraction, for both cases.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Data and figures for "Atlas of Science Collaboration, 1971–2020"

AbstractThe evolving landscape of interinstitutional collaborative research across 15 natural science disciplines is explored using the open data sourced from OpenAlex. This extensive exploration spans the years from 1971 to 2020, facilitating a thorough investigation of leading scientific output producers and their collaborative relationships based on coauthorships. The findings are visually presented on world maps and other diagrams, offering a clear and insightful portrayal of notable variations in both national and international collaboration patterns across various fields and time periods. These visual representations serve as valuable resources for science policymakers, diplomats and institutional researchers, providing them with a comprehensive overview of global collaboration and aiding their intuitive grasp of the evolving nature of these partnerships over time. Intended Readership<ul><li>The booklet, entitled '<a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16810">Atlas of Science Collaboration</a>', aims to offer a broad overview of international and interinstitutional research collaboration, shedding light on its present status and evolution on a global scale. While it might not delve into intricate scholarly or academic data analysis, it remains a valuable resource for those seeking a general understanding of the collaborative relationships that have been established between research institutions in the world of science.</li><li>The intended readership including science and technology (S&T) policymakers and diplomats, government research and development (R&D) agencies, international organisations, S&T think tanks, as well as institutional research divisions of universities or R&D institutions.</li></ul> Data Source<ul><li>The <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16810">Atlas of Science Collaboration</a> is based on data retrieved from <a href="https://docs.openalex.org/">OpenAlex</a>, a free and open (the CC0 license) catalogue of the world's scholarly papers, researchers, journals and institutions. Launched in January 2022, OpenAlex replaced <a href="https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/project/microsoft-academic-graph/">Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG)</a>, which retired at the beginning of 2022.</li><li>OpenAlex collects information on scientific publications, including journal articles, non-journal articles, preprints, conference papers, books and datasets—hereafter collectively referred to as 'works'—from various platforms such as <a href="https://www.crossref.org/">Crossref</a>, <a href="https://orcid.org/">ORCID</a>, <a href="https://ror.org/">ROR</a>, <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">PubMed</a>, preprint servers like <a href="https://arxiv.org/">arXiv</a>, and institutional or disciplinary repositories like <a href="https://zenodo.org/">Zenodo</a>. For comparison with other scholarly data sources such as <a href="https://www.scopus.com/">Scopus</a>, <a href="https://clarivate.com/products/scientific-and-academic-research/research-discovery-and-workflow-solutions/webofscience-platform/">Web of Science</a> and <a href="https://www.dimensions.ai/">Dimensions</a>, please refer to <a href="https://openalex.org/about#comparison">OpenAlex's website</a>.</li><li>OpenAlex offers extensive coverage of meta-information across a diverse spectrum of works, encompassing not only journal publications but also non-journal works, non-English works and contributions from the Global South. This attribute proves beneficial by providing a more precise augmentation of the extent of R&D activities, along with their associated scholarly outputs. This is especially crucial in fields where journals are not the predominant channel for disseminating research outcomes. Furthermore, OpenAlex effectively captures outputs in the preprint format, which might persist for varying durations, spanning from months to years or even indefinitely, without necessarily transitioning into journal publications.</li><li>The present edition (August 2023) of the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16810">Atlas of Science Collaboration</a> was compiled using data obtained via the <a href="https://docs.openalex.org/how-to-use-the-api/api-overview">OpenAlex API</a> during the period from the 12th to the 15th of August 2023. It is essential to note that OpenAlex is an ongoing project, continuously updating its data and improving its system. Consequently, the visualisations in this booklet may not provide the most comprehensive view or accurate data. Expect more accurate results when acquiring data in the future as OpenAlex undergoes further upgrades. Revised editions of the Atlas of Science Collaboration may be made available on <a href="https://zenodo.org/">Zenodo</a> or other open platforms beyond this release.</li></ul> R&D Disciplines<ul><li>In this current edition, the primary focus centres around the level-1 'concepts' listed in the following table sourced from the OpenAlex classification, as previously explored in <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.04429">Okamura (2023)</a>. Each level-1 concept is accompanied by 'related concepts', which can offer a finer or broader delineation compared to the level-1 concept. Using this characteristic, an enhanced notion of R&D discipline is constructed by including all associated subconcepts of level 2 or higher for each of the 15 level-1 concepts. For instance, our defined discipline of 'Artificial Intelligence' includes OpenAlex's level-2 concepts of '<a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C50644808">Artificial Neural Network</a>' and '<a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C108583219">Deep Learning</a>', but not the level-0 concepts of '<a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C41008148">Computer Science</a>' or '<a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C33923547">Mathematics</a>'.</li></ul>   OpenAlex Concept / Identifier / Discipline Code <ol><li>Artificial intelligence / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C154945302">C154945302</a> / "ai"</li><li>Quantum mechanics / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C62520636">C62520636</a> / "quantum"</li><li>Biotechnology / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C150903083">C150903083</a> / "bio"</li><li>Nanotechnology / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C171250308">C171250308</a> / "nano"</li><li>Agricultural engineering / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C88463610">C88463610</a> / "agri"</li><li>Particle physics / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C109214941">C109214941</a> / "particle"</li><li>Aerospace engineering / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C146978453">C146978453</a> / "aerospace"</li><li>Nuclear engineering / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C116915560">C116915560</a> / "nuclear"</li><li>Marine engineering / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/c199104240">C199104240</a> / "marine"</li><li>Neuroscience / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/c169760540">C169760540</a> / "neuro"</li><li>Condensed matter physics / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C26873012">C26873012</a> / "condensed"</li><li>Environmental engineering / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C87717796">C87717796</a> / "envi"</li><li>Earth science / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/c1965285">C1965285</a> / "earth"</li><li>Astronomy / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/c1276947">C1276947</a> / "astro"</li><li>Pure mathematics / <a href="https://explore.openalex.org/concepts/C202444582">C202444582</a> / "math"</li></ol> Analysis and Visualisation<ul><li>First, the World Map of Science Collaboration ('wmap_bilat' folder) divides the period from 1971 to 2020 into four intervals: 1971–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2010 and 2011–2020. For each period and discipline, bubbles represent the top 199 research institutions in terms of work production. Additionally, for the top 50 research institutions, their locations are connected on the world map using great circle curves (the shortest route between them) to illustrate bilateral coauthorship relationships. Coauthorship relationships with fewer than five coauthored papers are not displayed. The background world map utilises the world data from the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=maps">maps</a> package in R. The connection visualisation between two research institutions leverages the gcIntermediate() function from the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=geosphere">geosphere</a> package in R. The sizes of the bubbles are proportional to the volume of work and can be compared across the different period panels.</li><li>Second, the Top 30 Productive Institutions on the World Map ('wmap_topinst' folder) displays the leading 30 institutions in terms of work production on the World Map for each discipline and the three respective periods: 1991–2000, 2001–2010 and 2011–2020. The background world map employs the world data from the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=maps">maps</a> package in R along with the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=ggplot2">ggplot2</a> package16 in R. The sizes of the bubbles are proportional to the volume of work, standardised within each period panel, and cannot be compared across panels.</li><li>Third, the Interregional Collaboration Matrix Diagram ('halfmat' folder) exhibits a half-matrix diagram at the country level for each discipline and the three respective periods: 1991–2000, 2001–2010 and 2011–2020. It counts the number of bilateral coauthorship relationships represented on the World Map. Each bubble's size (area) displayed in the matrix cell is proportional to the number of bilateral coauthorship relationships. This edition particularly focuses on five pivotal parties: the US, China, EU27, the UK and Japan. These parties were specifically selected due to their substantial contributions to work production across all scientific fields from 1971 to 2020. These choices also align with the nations acclaimed as the 'Big 5' science nations (the US, China, Germany, the UK and Japan) in the <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00569-7">Nature Index</a>. Please note that the Matrix Diagram only takes into account the top 50 institutions in terms of work production for each period and discipline. Therefore, if a cell shows zero (as small dots), it does not necessarily imply the absence of coauthorship relationships for the corresponding bilateral pair.</li><li>Forth, the Interinstitutional Collaboration Dendrogram ('cdend' folder) elucidates the development and evolution of interinstitutional research collaboration clusters spanning the last five decades. This is accomplished through hierarchical clustering analysis of institutions, considering the top 50 institutions in terms of work production across the four periods: 1971–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2010 and 2011–2020.<ul><li>The method used for hierarchical clustering analysis is the same as developed in <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.04429">Okamura (2023)</a>. The distance between institutions X and Y is defined as the number of works with nationalities from both X and Y divided by the total number of works with nationalities from at least one of X and Y, subtracted from 1. Hierarchical clustering analysis was performed on the distance matrix using the hclust function implemented in R with the ward.D2 option (i.e. the original Ward's method) specified.</li><li>The method of dendrogram visualisation is primarily derived from an example detailed on the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/dendextend/vignettes/dendextend.html">dendextend website</a>. Circular dendrograms were created using the <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=dendextend">dendextend</a> and <a href="https://cran.r-project.org/package=circlize">circlize</a> packages in R. As one moves inward from the outer edge of the circle towards its centre, institutions or clusters of institutions that are in closer proximity to each other merge earlier.</li><li>To indicate the country where the institutions are located, the country names are included at the beginning of the terms of research institutions, using the two-letter <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_3166-1_alpha-2">ISO3166-1alpha-2</a> code. The accompanied circularised bar graphs represent the number of works for the institutions involved. <a href="https://ror.org/">ROR</a>s are used as the canonical identifiers of the research institutions. Readers of this booklet in PDF format can click on the ROR-based URL ('https://ror.org/...') in the diagrams to view the corresponding ROR webpage from their browser.</li></ul></li><li>Additionally, for each discipline and the respective periods of 1971–1990, 1991–2000, 2001–2010 and 2011–2020, the top 100 institutions in terms of work production are displayed in tabular format ('table' folder), showing their respective country codes and production volumes. If multiple research institutions have equal production volumes during each period, they are organised alphabetically by country codes and then by organisation names. Even if distinct rankings are shown, they lack significance and are treated as ties.</li></ul> Important Notes<ul><li>It is worth reiterating that the data from OpenAlex used to compile the <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.16810">Atlas of Science Collaboration</a>, even when incorporating bibliometric data related to past works, lacks consistent finality. As of the data acquisition for this version (August 2023), OpenAlex encompassed information regarding approximately 240 million works, with an additional influx of about 50,000 new data entries related to works being added daily. Furthermore, for a substantial portion of these works, information regarding the corresponding institution to which the authors belong remains unknown. As a result, should the same analyses as those embedded within this booklet be replicated in the future, although the qualitative extent of change remains uncertain, it is undeniable that quantitatively distinct data will be acquired. Nonetheless, for individuals seeking an understanding of the global scope and evolution of international and interinstitutional collaborative research, the potential availability of this booklet or an enhanced, continuously updated evidence base holds inherent value.</li><li>Further, it is worth reiterating that the term 'works' encompasses a wide variety of scholarly publications. The analyses conducted in the compilation of this booklet do not take into consideration whether these works are peer-reviewed articles or not, nor do they encompass considerations of their prominence, impact or quality. It is emphasised that the primary intent behind the visualisations in this booklet is to quantitatively capture the momentum of scholarly knowledge production outputs from diverse research institutions, and to identify how productive institutions collaborate internationally and interinstitutionally. Caution must be exercised, with acknowledgment that relying solely on the quantity of scholarly output produced by institutions falls short in encompassing discussions about their research potential, contributions to academia, or their relative superiority or inferiority. Further, it is recommended to consider the limitations discussed in <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2211.04429">Okamura (2023)</a> when using this booklet.</li></ul> Miscellaneous<ul><li>It is important to note that some research institutions may encounter difficulties in accurately assessing the actual production volume at the institutional level within each analysis period due to challenges related to name disambiguation and the influence of historical organisational changes in bibliometric databases.</li><li>For the Interinstitutional Collaboration Dendrograms and the rankings of the top 100 productive institutions, entities like universities and R&D institutions are primarily identified using the nomenclature employed in OpenAlex. However, certain portions have been presented through abbreviations or acronyms, both for illustrative purposes and to effectively accommodate limited space. For instance, 'University of' is abbreviated as 'U.', 'Institution' and 'Institute' as 'Inst', 'National Laboratory' as 'NL', and 'Science' and 'Technology' as 'Sci' and 'Tech', correspondingly, among others. Should readers possess more fitting suggestions for abbreviations specific to particular organisations, or any other ideas aimed at enhancing the content of this booklet, we would greatly appreciate their input.</li></ul>

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

NanoPyx - Figures' Data

a549_mt.tif <ul> <li>Data used in Figure "Microscopy image processing workflow using NanoPyx methods".</li> <li>Fixed A549 cells immunolabelled against ß-tubulin with Alexa Fluor™ 647.</li> <li>Acquired using a Nanoimager microscope (Oxford Nanoimaging; ONI) equipped with a 100 × oil-immersion objective (Olympus 100x NA 1.45)</li> <li>Image size 10000x283x283 (pixel size 117 nm)</li> <li>.tif 16-bit</li> </ul> huvec_nuclei.tif <ul> <li>Data used in Figure "Comparative run times of multiple implementations of an algorithm, ran on a consumer-grade laptop and a professional workstation".</li> <li>Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) stained with DAPI</li> <li>Acquired in a Marianas spinning-disk confocal microscope. The objective used was a 63x oil (NA 1.4 oil, Plan-Apochromat, M27).</li> <li>Image size 100x512x512</li> <li>.tif 16-bit</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Figures from: A Saharan fossil and the dawn of Neotropical armoured catfishes in Gondwana

This repository contains high-resolution versions of the figures from the manuscript by Paulo M. Brito et al., "A Saharan fossil and the dawn of Neotropical armoured catfishes in Gondwana"

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Data presented in figure 2 of "Evidence of nitrate based nighttime atmospheric nucleation driven by marine microorganisms in the South Pacific"

Data collected at the Maïdo observatory between April 24th and April 29th 2018 used in the calculation of statistics presented in Figure 2 of "Evidence of nitrate based nighttime atmospheric nucleation driven by marine microorganisms in the South Pacific". Data were obtained by an API-ToF-MS; molecular clusters are grouped by family as described in Chamba et al. 2023. Data were first filtered based on SO2 mixing ratios to exclude the periods when the station was under the influence of the volcanic plume of the Piton de la Fournaise. Hourly averages of the signals of interest were then calculated and only the data corresponding to the periods during which the station was in the free troposphere were considered.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2011View details →

Figure 2. Processa hawaiensis, male 2.7 in Notes on two species of Processa (Decapoda: Processidae) from the Mexican Pacific

Figure 2. Processa hawaiensis, male 2.7 mm (EMU-9585). (A) Left mandible; (B) Right mandible; (C) Left maxillule; (D) Left maxilla; (E) Left first maxilliped; (F) Left second maxilliped; (G) Left third maxilliped; (H) Dactyl and propodus, left third maxilliped; (I) Endopod of right first pleopod; (J) Right second pleopod. Scale bars: A, B, I, 0.25 mm; C-H, J, 0.5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2011View details →

Figure 1. Processa hawaiensis, male 2.7 in Notes on two species of Processa (Decapoda: Processidae) from the Mexican Pacific

Figure 1. Processa hawaiensis, male 2.7 mm (EMU-9585). (A) Lateral view; (B) Anterior region of carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; (C) Rostrum, lateral view; (D) Abdominal somites 5-6, telson and right uropods, lateral view; (E) Detail of abdominal sternite 5, lateral view; (F) Sixth abdominal somite, telson and right uropods, dorsal view; (G) Magnification of the telson; (H) Details of stylocerites, removed, dorsal view; (I) Right antenna, dorsal view. Scale bars, 1 mm.

Figure 4 in Éthologie sonore et statut acoustique de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises, incluant la description de deux espèces nouvelles (Hemiptera : Auchenorhyncha*, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)

Figure 4 Pomponia linearis (Walker, 1850). Mâle (en haut) et femelle allotype (en dessous). (Photographies Michel Boulard)

Figures 13 in Éthologie sonore et statut acoustique de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises, incluant la description de deux espèces nouvelles (Hemiptera : Auchenorhyncha*, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)

Figures 13 à 15 Terpnosia nonusaprilis n. sp. – 13 à 15, Holotype ♂, vues dorsale (13) et sous abdominale (14), fémur antérieur (15). (Dessins Hélène LeRuyet-Tan)

Figures 10 et 11 Tanna ventriroseus n in Éthologie sonore et statut acoustique de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises, incluant la description de deux espèces nouvelles (Hemiptera : Auchenorhyncha*, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)

Figures 10 et 11 Tanna ventriroseus n. sp. – 10 et 11, Conformation des pièces génitales d'un paratype ♂. (Dessins Hélène LeRuyet-Tan)

Figure 12 Terpnosia abdullah Distant, 1904 in Éthologie sonore et statut acoustique de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises, incluant la description de deux espèces nouvelles (Hemiptera : Auchenorhyncha*, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)

Figure 12 Terpnosia abdullah Distant, 1904. Mise en évidence de la maculature latérotergale de l'abdomen. (Photographie Michel Boulard)

Figure 4 in New endemic species of freshwater crayfish Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae) from the Atlantic forest in southern Brazil

Figure 4. Parastacus pilicarpus sp. nov. A, habitus dorsal view (holotype); B, cephalon dorsal view (holotype); C, cephalon lateral view (holotype); D, female pleon, dorsal view (paratype 1); E, male first to third pleonal pleura (holotype); F, female first to third pleonal pleura (paratype 1); G, telson and uropods dorsal view (holotype). Scale bars: A, D, F – 1 cm; E - 5 mm; C, G – 3.33 mm; B – 2.5 mm.

Figure 8 in New endemic species of freshwater crayfish Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae) from the Atlantic forest in southern Brazil

Figure 8. Distribution of Parastacus buckupi sp. nov. (star) and P. pilicarpus sp. nov. (triangle) in the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil.

Figure 7 in New endemic species of freshwater crayfish Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae) from the Atlantic forest in southern Brazil

Figure 7. Comparative board of the chelipeds of selected species of genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 with pilous cutting edge of fingers. A – P. buckupi sp. nov. (holotype); B – P. pilicarpus sp. nov. (holotype); C – P. fluviatilis Ribeiro & Buckup in Ribeiro et al. (2016) (UFRGS 2704); D – P. pilimanus (von Martens, 1869) (UFRGS 2413, CL 38.74). Scale bars: 1 cm.

Figure 6 in New endemic species of freshwater crayfish Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae) from the Atlantic forest in southern Brazil

Figure 6. Parastacus pilicarpus sp. nov., habitat and living specimens. A, B, Typical habitat, a first order stream in the municipality of Morro Grande, state of Santa Catarina; C, living specimen. Photographs by Caio R. M. Feltrin. No available information of scale in photograph C.

Figures 5-6 in Éthologie sonore et statut acoustique de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises, incluant la description de deux espèces nouvelles (Hemiptera : Auchenorhyncha*, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)

Figures 5-6 Pomponia linearis (Walker, 1850). Conformation des pièces génitales mâles vues de profil, puis de l'arrière. (Dessins Hélène LeRuyet-Tan)

Figures 2-3 in Éthologie sonore et statut acoustique de quelques Cigales thaïlandaises, incluant la description de deux espèces nouvelles (Hemiptera : Auchenorhyncha*, Cicadoidea, Cicadidae)

Figures 2-3 Macrosemia tonkiniana (Jacobi, 1905), habitus typique du mâle (2) mise en évidence de la forme des opercules (3).

Figure 1 in New endemic species of freshwater crayfish Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Parastacidae) from the Atlantic forest in southern Brazil

Figure 1. Parastacus buckupi sp. nov. A, habitus dorsal view (holotype); B, cephalon dorsal view (holotype); C, cephalon lateral view (holotype); D, female pleon (paratype 4); E, male first to third pleonal pleura (holotype); F, female first to third pleonal pleura (paratype 4); G, tailfan dorsal view (holotype). Scale bars: A – 1 cm; B–D, G – 5 mm; E, F – 3.33mm.