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256 results for “Forest Ecology”
Data from: Ecological legacies of anthropogenic burning in a British Columbia coastal temperate rain forest
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Data from: Ants as ecological indicators of rainforest restoration: community convergence and the development of an Ant Forest Indicator Index in the Australian wet tropics
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Geographical Ecology of Dry Forest Tree Communities in the West Indies
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Dataset - What enabled the forest transition? A socio-ecological counterfactual assessment for Austria, 1830-1910
<p>This excel file contains data on forest change, food and energy provision, as well as greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture, forestry and energy use in Austria 1830-1910, and assessments of five counterfactual scenarios in the absence of specific forest relief processes. The data were used to create figures 1a and b, 2a, b, c, and d, 3a, b, c, and d, and 4a and b in the manuscript "What enabled the forest transition? A socio-ecological counterfactual assessment for Austria, 1830-1910" submitted to Global Biogeochemical Cycles in July 2020 by Simone Gingrich, Christian Lauk, Fridolin Krausmann, Karl-Heinz Erb, Julia Le Noë.</p> <p> </p> <p>Dr. Simone Gingrich<br> Institute of Social Ecology (SEC)<br> Department of Economics and Social Sciences (WiSo)</p> <p>University of Natural Resources & Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)</p> <p><br> Post: Schottenfeldgasse 29, 1070 Vienna, Austria<br> Fon: <a>+43 1 47654-73724</a><br> Web: <a href="http://www.wiso.boku.ac.at/wiso/sec/">http://www.wiso.boku.ac.at/wiso/sec/</a></p>
Figure 6 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 6. Cluster analysis of genetic similarity between Aglaoctenus lagotis individuals from two vegetation fragments in Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil. For each individual, the uppercase letter indicates its location (B: John Kennedy Woodland; P: Pica-Pau Country Club), the first numeral indicates the collection year (8: 2008; 9: 2009), and the subsequent digits indicate the collection number of the spider within the sampling quadrat.
Figure 5 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 5. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragments for 23 Aglaoctenus lagotis individuals separated on a 2.5% agarose gel, stained with ethidium bromide, visualized on a UV transilluminator, and photographed using Image Master VDS. The primer sequence was 5′- TGCCGAGCTG-3′. For each individual, the uppercase letter indicates its location (W: John Kennedy Woodland; P: Pica-Pau Country Club), the first numeral indicates the collection year (8: 2008; 9: 2009), and the subsequent digits indicate the collection number of the spider. X indicates the negative control.
Figure 4 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 4. Pearson's correlation analysis between the volume of the horizontal capture web (cm3) and the number of inquiline spiders associated with the web for the spider Aglaoctenus lagotis in two vegetation fragments (JKW: John Kennedy Woodland; PCC: Pica-Pau Country Club) in Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Figure 3 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 3. Simple linear regressions between the sheet area of the web and the cephalothorax length of Aglaoctenus lagotis individuals in two vegetation fragments (JKW: John Kennedy Woodland; PCC: Pica-Pau Country Club) in Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The correlation is positive for both sites (p <0.0001).
Figure 1 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 1. Map of the municipality of Araguari, Minas Gerais, Brazil. 1. The John Kennedy Woodland (JKW; 18°38′35″ S, 48°11′19″ W). 2. The Permanent Preservation Area of the Pica- Pau Country Club (PCC; 18°36′38″ S, 48°11′17″ W).
Figure 2 in The effects of forest fragmentation on the population ecology and natural history of a funnel-web spider
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of the methodology used to measure the volume of the capture web of Aglaoctenus lagotis. See the text for details of the calculation.
Supplementary material 3 from: Eddy B, Muggridge M, LeBlanc R, Osmond J, Kean C, Boyd E (2020) An Ecological Approach for Mapping Socio-Economic Data in Support of Ecosystems Analysis: Examples in Mapping Canada's Forest Ecumene. One Ecosystem 5: e55881. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e55881
Supplement C - Labour Force Distribution Maps of Natural Resource Sectors in Canada
Supplementary material 2 from: Eddy B, Muggridge M, LeBlanc R, Osmond J, Kean C, Boyd E (2020) An Ecological Approach for Mapping Socio-Economic Data in Support of Ecosystems Analysis: Examples in Mapping Canada's Forest Ecumene. One Ecosystem 5: e55881. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e55881
Supplement B - GIS Procedure for Mapping Labour Force Distribution
Supplementary material 1 from: Eddy B, Muggridge M, LeBlanc R, Osmond J, Kean C, Boyd E (2020) An Ecological Approach for Mapping Socio-Economic Data in Support of Ecosystems Analysis: Examples in Mapping Canada's Forest Ecumene. One Ecosystem 5: e55881. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.5.e55881
Supplement A - GIS Procedure for Population Estimation
Riparian forests can mitigate warming and ecological degradation of agricultural headwater streams
<p>1. Riparian forests are commonly advocated as a key management option to mitigate the effects of agriculture on headwater stream biodiversity and ecosystem functions. However, the benefits of riparian forests might be reduced by uninterrupted catchment-scale pollution.</p> <p>2.We studied the effects of riparian land use on multiple ecological endpoints in headwater streams in an agricultural landscape. We studied stream habitat characteristics, water temperature and algal accrual, and macrophyte, benthic macroinvertebrate and fish communities in 11 paired forested and open agricultural headwater stream reaches that differed in their extent of riparian forest cover but had similar water quality.</p> <p>3. Hydromorphological habitat quality was higher in forested reaches than in open reaches. Riparian forest had a strong effect on the summer water temperature regime, with maximum and mean water temperatures and temperature variation in forested reaches substantially lower than in open reaches.</p> <p>4. Macrophyte communities differed between forested and open reaches. The mean abundance of bryophytes was higher in forested reaches but the difference to open reaches was only marginally significant, whereas graminoids were significantly more abundant in open reaches. Within-stream dissimilarity of benthic macroinvertebrate community structure was significantly related to the difference in riparian land use between reach pairs. The relative DNA sequence abundance of pollution-sensitive EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, Trichoptera) species tended to be higher in forested reaches than in open reaches. Finally, fish densities were not significantly different between forested and open reaches, although densities were higher in forested reaches.</p> <p>5. This unequivocal evidence for the ecological benefits of forested riparian reaches in agricultural headwater streams suggests that riparian forest can partly mitigate the adverse impacts of agricultural diffuse pollution on biota. The strong effect of forests on stream water temperature suggest that riparian forest could also mitigate harmful effects on headwater stream biodiversity and ecosystem functions of the predicted more frequent high summer temperatures. </p>
Data from: Determinants of litter decomposition rates in a tropical forest: functional traits, phylogeny and ecological succession
Plant litter decomposition is one of the most important processes in terrestrial ecosystems, as it is a key factor in nutrient cycling. Decomposition rates depend on environmental factors, but also plant traits, as these determine the character of detritus. We measured litter decomposition rate for 57 common tree species displaying a variety of functional traits within four sites in primary and four sites in secondary tropical forest in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. The phylogenetic relationships between these trees were also estimated using molecular data. The leaves collected from different tree species were dried for two days, placed into detritus bags and exposed to ambient conditions for two months. Nitrogen, carbon and ash content were assessed as quantitative traits and used together with a phylogenetic variance-covariance matrix as predictors of decomposition rate. The analysis of the tree species composition from 96 quadrats located along a successional gradient of swidden agriculture enabled us to determine successional preferences for individual species. Nitrogen content was the only functional trait measured to be significantly positively correlated with decomposition rate. Controlling for plant phylogeny did not influence our conclusions, but including phylogeny demonstrated that the mainly early successional family Euphorbiaceae is characterized by a particularly high decomposition rate. The acquisitive traits (high nitrogen content and low wood density) correlated with rapid decomposition were characteristic for early successional species. Decomposition rate thus decreased from early successional to primary forest species. However, the decomposition of leaves from the same species was significantly faster in primary than in secondary forest stands, very probably because the high humidity of primary forest environments keeps the decomposing material wetter.
Data from: Parasites structuring ecological communities: the mistletoe footprint in Mediterranean pine forests
1. The capacity of parasitic plants in structuring natural communities is increasingly recognized. These plants can affect the structure, composition and productivity of plant communities by modifying the competitive balance between hosts and non-host species and by altering the quantity and quality of resources entering the soil. Despite the progress made in this field, there is still a lack of integrative studies showing the structuring capacity of parasitic plants in forest ecosystems, where their effect may be less detectable due to the long lifespan of the system. 2. In this study we evaluate the long-term impact of Viscum album subsp. austriacum on the woody-plant community of a Mediterranean pineland. This mistletoe remains several years on the same host, exerting long-lasting, spatially concentrated effects on community and ecosystem characteristics. Mistletoe concentrates zoochorous seeds and induces changes in the soil fertility and light availability beneath the canopy of parasitized trees, which have the potential to facilitate zoochorous-plant colonization, recruitment, and growth at the same time as it weakens the host. Here, we analyse whether mistletoe-driven changes could result in a nucleus of zoochorous woody plants nourished by the abundant organic detritus accumulated under the host. We also analyse whether mistletoe effects can expand after host death. 3. We selected unparasitized, parasitized, and dead parasitized Pinus nigra trees, in which we studied the joint effect of mistletoe-mediated changes in soil nutrient and light availability, with the seed rain, seed predation, seedling establishment, plant recruitment, and plant growth. Light- and soil-nutrient resources were greater under parasitized trees, and intensified after host death. The seed rain was maximum under parasitized trees, where seedling recruitment proved more likely. Sapling density, richness, and growth increased with the development of parasitism. 4. Our findings show that Viscum album exerts a strong and lasting impact on the structure and dynamics of Mediterranean pinelands, with parasitized trees acting as centres for the establishment and growth of colonizing fleshy-fruited woody species, which, over the long term, promote vegetation shifts by limiting dominant pine trees and facilitating less represented fleshy-fruited shrubs.
Data from: A practical introduction to random forest for genetic association studies in ecology and evolution
Large genomic studies are becoming increasingly common with advances in sequencing technology, and our ability to understand how genomic variation influences phenotypic variation between individuals has never been greater. The exploration of such relationships first requires the identification of associations between molecular markers and phenotypes. Here we explore the use of Random Forest (RF), a powerful machine learning algorithm, in genomic studies to discern loci underlying both discrete and quantitative traits, particularly when studying wild or non-model organisms. RF is becoming increasingly used in ecological and population genetics because, unlike traditional methods, it can efficiently analyze thousands of loci simultaneously and account for non-additive interactions. However, understanding both the power and limitations of Random Forest is important for its proper implementation and the interpretation of results. We therefore provide a practical introduction to the algorithm and its use for identifying associations between molecular markers and phenotypes, discussing such topics as data limitations, algorithm initiation and optimization, as well as interpretation. We also provide short R tutorials as examples, with the aim of providing a guide to the implementation of the algorithm. Topics discussed here are intended to serve as an entry point for molecular ecologists interested in employing Random Forest to identify trait associations in genomic data sets.
Figure 1 in Ecological aspects of the endemic tree frog Ololygon kautskyi (Anura: Hylidae) in an Atlantic Forest area of Southeastern Brazil
Figure 1. Location of the Reserva Biológica Duas Bocas, Cariacica, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
Congruence of local ecological knowledge (LEK)-based methods and line-transect surveys in estimating wildlife abundance in Amazonian forests
<p>1) Effective estimation of wildlife population abundance is an important component of population monitoring, and ultimately essential for the development of conservation actions. Diurnal line transect surveys are one of the most applied methods for abundance estimations. Local ecological knowledge (LEK) is empirically acquired through the observation of ecological processes by local people. LEK-based methods have only been recognized as valid scientific methods for surveying fauna abundance in the last three decades. However, the agreement between both methods has not been extensively analysed.</p> <p>2) We compared concomitant abundance data for 91 wild species (mammals, birds and tortoises) from diurnal line transects (9,221 km of trails) and a LEK-based method (291 structured interviews) at 18 sites in Central and Western Amazonia. We used biological and socioecological factors to assess the agreements and divergences between abundance indices obtained from both methods.</p> <p>3) We found a significant agreement of population abundance indices for diurnal and game species. This relationship was also positive regardless of species sociality (solitary or social), body size and locomotion mode (terrestrial and arboreal); and of sampled forest type (upland and flooded forests). Conversely, we did not find significant abundance covariances for nocturnal and non-game species. Despite the general agreement between methods, line transects were not effective at surveying many species occurring in the area, with 40.2% and 39.8% of all species being rarely and never detected in at least one of the survey sites. On the other hand, these species were widely reported by local informants to occur at intermediate to high abundances.</p> <p>4) Although LEK-based methods have been long neglected by ecologists, our comparative study demonstrated their effectiveness for estimating vertebrate abundance of a wide diversity of taxa and forest environments. This can be used simultaneously with line transects surveys to calibrate abundance estimates and record species that are rarely sighted during surveys on foot, but that are often observed by local people during their daily extractive activities. Thus, the combination of local and scientific knowledge is a potential tool to improve our knowledge of tropical forest species and foster the development of effective strategies to meet biodiversity conservation goals. --</p>
Coupled changes in pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen impact the physiology and ecology of herbivorous kelp forest grazers
<p>Understanding species' responses to upwelling may be especially important in light of ongoing environmental change. Upwelling frequency and intensity are expected to increase in the future, while ocean acidification and deoxygenation are expected to decrease the pH and dissolved oxygen of upwelled waters. However, the acute effects of a single upwelling event and the integrated effects of multiple upwelling events on marine organisms are poorly understood. Here, we use <em>in situ </em>measurements of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen to characterize the covariance of environmental conditions within upwelling-dominated kelp forest ecosystems. We then test the effects of acute (0-3 days) and chronic (1-3 month) upwelling on the performance of two species of kelp forest grazers, the echinoderm, <em>Mesocentrotus franciscanus, </em>and the gastropod, <em>Promartynia pulligo</em>. We exposed organisms to static conditions in a regression design to determine the shape of the relationship between upwelling and performance and provide insights into the potential effects in a variable environment. We found that respiration, grazing, growth, and net calcification decline linearly with increasing upwelling intensity for <em>M. francicanus </em>over both acute and chronic timescales. <em>Promartynia pulligo </em>exhibited decreased respiration, grazing, and net calcification with increased upwelling intensity after chronic exposure, but we did not detect an effect over acute timescales or on growth after chronic exposure. Given the highly correlated nature of pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen in the California Current, our results suggest the relationship between upwelling intensity and growth in the 3-month trial could potentially be used to estimate growth integrated over long-term dynamic oceanographic conditions for <em>M. franciscanus</em>. Together, these results indicate current exposure to upwelling may reduce species performance and predicted future increases in upwelling frequency and intensity could affect ecosystem function by modifying the ecological roles of key species.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.