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MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Daily L3 Global 6km SIN Grid V006

The MYD11B1 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MYD11B1 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B1.061) data product.The MYD11B1 Version 6 product provides daily per pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) in a 1,200 by 1,200 kilometer (km) tile with a pixel size of 5,600 meters (m). Each MOD11B1 granule consists of the following layers for daytime and nighttime observations: LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, number of clear-sky observations, and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32 (bands 31 and 32 are daytime only) along with the percentage of land in the tile. Unique to the MYD11B products are additional day and night LST layers generated from band 31 of the corresponding 1 km [MYD11_L2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11_L2.006) swath product aggregated to the 6 km grid. Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Aqua&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Removed cloud-contaminated LSTs from Level 2 and Level 3 LST products.* Updated the coefficient look-up table (LUT) for the split-window algorithm with comprehensive regression analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) simulation data in bands 31 and 32 over wide ranges of surface and atmospheric conditions, especially extending the upper boundary for (LST – Ts-air) in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased the overlap between various sub-ranges to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm to uncertainties in the input data (i.e., column water vapor and air surface temperature from MYD07).* Made minor adjustments in the classification-based surface emissivity values, especially for bare soil and rocks land cover types.* Tuned the day/night algorithm by adjusting weights to improve performance in desert regions where the incorporated split-window algorithm may not work well.* Generated new gridded LST&E products with a 6 km spatial resolution for 8-day ([MYD11B2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B2.006)) and monthly ([MYD11B3](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11B3.006)) intervals in response to user community requests.

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 6km SIN Grid V006

The MOD11B2 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MOD11B2 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11B2.061) data product.The MOD11B2 Version 6 product provides an average 8-day per pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) in a 1,200 by 1,200 kilometer (km) tile with a pixel size of 5,600 meters (m). Each temperature and emissivity pixel value in the MOD11B2 is a simple average of all the corresponding values from the LST&E values from the [MOD11B1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11B1.006) product collected during that 8-day period. Each MOD11B2 granule consists of 19 layers including daytime and nighttime layers for LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear sky observations along with percentage of land in the tile and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Unique to the MOD11B products are additional day and night LST layers generated from band 31 of the corresponding 1 km [MOD11_L2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11_L2.006) swath product aggregated to the 6 km grid. Known Issues* Production of V6 Terra MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) data products was discontinued on November 16, 2022, due to [significant loss of data retrieval](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=98) following the Constellation Exit Maneuvers.* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Removed cloud-contaminated LSTs from Level 2 and Level 3 LST products.* Updated the coefficient look-up table (LUT) for the split-window algorithm with comprehensive regression analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) simulation data in bands 31 and 32 over wide ranges of surface and atmospheric conditions, especially extending the upper boundary for (LST – Ts-air) in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased the overlap between various sub-ranges to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm to uncertainties in the input data (i.e., column water vapor and air surface temperature from MOD07).* Made minor adjustments in the classification-based surface emissivity values, especially for bare soil and rocks land cover types.* Tuned the day/night algorithm by adjusting weights to improve performance in desert regions where the incorporated split-window algorithm may not work well.* Generated new gridded LST&E products with a 6 km spatial resolution for 8-day (MOD11B2) and monthly ([MOD11B3](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11B3.006)) intervals in response to user community requests.

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V061

A suite of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) products are available in Collection 6.1. The MOD21 Land Surface Temperatuer (LST) algorithm differs from the algorithm of the [MOD11](https://doi.org/10.5067/modis/mod11_l2.061) LST products, in that the MOD21 algorithm is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) technique, whereas the MOD11 uses the split-window technique. The MOD21 TES algorithm uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and spectral emissivity simultaneously from the MODIS thermal infrared bands 29, 31, and 32. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The MOD21A2 dataset is an 8-day composite LST product at 1,000 meter spatial resolution that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free [MOD21A1D](http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21A1D.061) and [MOD21A1N](http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21A1N.061) daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the MOD21A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the MOD21A2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) layers within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. The LST, Quality Control (QC), view zenith angle, and viewing time have separate day and night SDS layers, while the values for the MODIS emissivity bands 29, 31, and 32 are the average of both the nighttime and daytime acquisitions. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Known Issues* Users of MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of [extreme high temperature outliers](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=117) in the unfiltered MxD21 Version 6 and 6.1 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact both the MxD21 and MxD11 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the MxD21 product will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * In order to mitigate the impact of dust in the MxD21 V6 and 6.1 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination [example documentation](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/MOD21_dust_QC_examples.pdf).* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=61).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017.* A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).* The product utilizes GEOS data replacing MERRA2. * Three new CMG products are available in the MxD21 suite (MxD21C1/C2/C3).

MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V061

The Aqua Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day (MYD11A2) Version 6.1 product provides an average 8-day per-pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) with a 1 kilometer (km) spatial resolution in a 1,200 by 1,200 km grid. Each pixel value in the MYD11A2 is a simple average of all the corresponding [MYD11A1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD11A1.061) LST pixels collected within that 8-day period. The 8-day compositing period was chosen because twice that period is the exact ground track repeat period of the Terra and Aqua platforms. Provided along with the daytime and nighttime surface temperature bands are associated quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and clear-sky coverages along with bands 31 and 32 emissivities from land cover types.Known Issues* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Aqua&as=61).Improvments/Changes from Previous Version* The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017.* A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).

MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 0.05Deg CMG V061

A new suite of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) products are available in Collection 6.1. The MYD21 Land Surface Temperature (LST) algorithm differs from the algorithm of the [MYD11](https://doi.org/10.5067/modis/myd11_l2.061) LST products, in that the MYD21 algorithm is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) technique, whereas the MYD11 uses the split-window technique. The MYD21 TES algorithm uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and spectral emissivity simultaneously from the MODIS thermal infrared bands 29, 31, and 32. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The MYD21C2 dataset is an 8-day composite LST product that uses an algorithm based on a simple averaging method. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud free [MYD21A1D](http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD21A1D.061) and [MYD21A1N](http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MYD21A1N.061) daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the MOD21A1 data sets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the MYD21A2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate Science Dataset (SDS) layers within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file. The LST, Quality Control (QC), view zenith angle, and viewing time have separate day and night SDS layers, while the values for the MODIS emissivity bands 29, 31, and 32 are the average of both the nighttime and daytime acquisitions. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Known Issues* Users of MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of [extreme high temperature outliers](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=117) in the unfiltered MxD21 Version 6 and 6.1 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact both the MxD21 and MxD11 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the MxD21 product will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * In order to mitigate the impact of dust in the MxD21 V6 and 6.1 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination [example documentation](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/MOD21_dust_QC_examples.pdf).* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Aqua&as=61).Improvments/Changes from Previous Version* The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and corrections to the Terra MODIS forward look-up table (LUT) update for the period 2012 - 2017.* A polarization correction has been applied to the L1B Reflective Solar Bands (RSB).* Three new CMG products are available in the MxD21 suite (MxD21C1/C2/C3).

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity Daily L3 Global 1km SIN Grid Day V006

The MOD21A1D Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MOD21A1D Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21A1D.061) data product.A new suite of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) products are available in Collection 6. The MOD21 Land Surface Temperature (LST) algorithm differs from the algorithm of the [MOD11](https://doi.org/10.5067/modis/mod11_l2.006) LST products, in that the MOD21 algorithm is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) technique, whereas the MOD11 uses the split-window technique. The MOD21 TES algorithm uses a physics-based algorithm to dynamically retrieve both the LST and spectral emissivity simultaneously from the MODIS thermal infrared bands 29, 31, and 32. The TES algorithm is combined with an improved Water Vapor Scaling (WVS) atmospheric correction scheme to stabilize the retrieval during very warm and humid conditions. The MOD21A1D dataset is produced daily from daytime Level 2 Gridded (L2G) intermediate LST products. The L2G process maps the daily [MOD21](http://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21.006) swath granules onto a sinusoidal MODIS grid and stores all observations falling over a gridded cell for a given day. The MOD21A1 algorithm sorts through these observations for each cell and estimates the final LST value as an average from all observations that are cloud free and have good LST&E accuracies. The daytime average is weighted by the observation coverage for that cell. Only observations having an observation coverage greater than a 15% threshold are considered. The MOD21A1D product contains seven Science Datasets (SDS), which include the calculated LST as well as quality control, the three emissivity bands, view zenith angle, and time of observation. MOD21A1D products are available two months after acquisition due to latency of data inputs. Additional details regarding the methodology used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD).Known Issues* Forward processing of Terra MODIS LST&E Version 6 data products was discontinued on December 31, 2005. Users are encouraged to use the [MOD21A1D Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD21A1D.061) data product.* Users of MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of [extreme high temperature outliers](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=117) in the unfiltered MxD21 Version 6 and 6.1 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact both the MxD21 and MxD11 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the MxD21 product will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * In order to mitigate the impact of dust in the MxD21 V6 and 6.1 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination [example documentation](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/MOD21_dust_QC_examples.pdf).* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* New product for MODIS Version 6.

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity Monthly L3 Global 6km SIN Grid V006

The MOD11B3 Version 6 data product was decommissioned on July 31, 2023. Users are encouraged to use the [MOD11B3 Version 6.1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11B3.061) data product.The MOD11B3 Version 6 product provides average monthly per pixel Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) in a 1,200 by 1,200 kilometer (km) tile with a pixel size of 5,600 meters (m). Each LST&E pixel value in the MOD11B3 is a simple average of all the corresponding values from the [MOD11B1](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11B1.006) collected during the month period. Each MOD11B3 granule consists of 19 layers including daytime and nighttime layers for LSTs, quality control assessments, observation times, view zenith angles, and number of clear sky observations along with percentage of land in the tile and emissivities from bands 20, 22, 23, 29, 31, and 32. Unique to the MOD11B products are additional day and night LST layers generated from band 31 of the corresponding 1 km [MOD11_L2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11_L2.006) swath product aggregated to the 6 km grid. Known Issues* Production of V6 Terra MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) data products was discontinued on November 16, 2022, due to [significant loss of data retrieval](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=98) following the Constellation Exit Maneuvers.* For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/knownissue?sensor=MODIS&sat=Terra&as=6).Improvements/Changes from Previous Versions* Removed cloud-contaminated LSTs from Level 2 and Level 3 LST products.* Updated the coefficient look-up table (LUT) for the split-window algorithm with comprehensive regression analysis of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) simulation data in bands 31 and 32 over wide ranges of surface and atmospheric conditions, especially extending the upper boundary for (LST – Ts-air) in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased the overlap between various sub-ranges to reduce the sensitivity of the algorithm to uncertainties in the input data (i.e., column water vapor and air surface temperature from MOD07).* Made minor adjustments in the classification-based surface emissivity values, especially for bare soil and rocks land cover types.* Tuned the day/night algorithm by adjusting weights to improve performance in desert regions where the incorporated split-window algorithm may not work well.* Generated new gridded LST&E products with a 6 km spatial resolution for 8-day ([MOD11B2](https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MOD11B2.006)) and monthly (MOD11B3) intervals in response to user community requests.

VIIRS/NPP Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 8-Day L3 Global 1km SIN Grid V001

The VNP21A2 VIIRS Version 1 data product was decommissioned on April 8th, 2025. Users are encouraged to use Version 2 data products, which provide [better calibration and consistency](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/data/userguide/VIIRS_Land_C2_Changes_09152022.pdf) for the end user. VIIRS Version 2 data products are available from both the SNPP ([VNP21A2](https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21A2.002)) and NOAA-20 ([VJ121A2]( https://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VJ121A2.002)) satellites.The NASA/NOAA Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (Suomi NPP) Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST&E) 8-day product (VNP21A2) combines the daily [VNP21A1D](http://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21A1D.001) and [VNP21A1N](http://doi.org/10.5067/VIIRS/VNP21A1N.001) products over an 8-day compositing period into a single product.The VNP21A2 dataset is an 8-day composite LST&E product at 1 kilometer resolution that uses an algorithm based on a simple-averaging method. The algorithm calculates the average from all the cloud-free VNP21A1D and VNP21A1N daily acquisitions from the 8-day period. Unlike the VNP21A1 datasets where the daytime and nighttime acquisitions are separate products, the VNP21A2 contains both daytime and nighttime acquisitions as separate science dataset (SDS) layers within a single Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) file.The VNP21A2 product is developed synergistically with the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LST&E Version 6 product (MOD21A2) using the same input atmospheric products and algorithmic approach. The overall objective for NASA VIIRS products is to ensure the algorithms and products are compatible with the MODIS Terra and Aqua algorithms to promote the continuity of the Earth Observation System (EOS) mission. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 3 (L3) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD). VIIRS LST&E products are available 2 months after acquisition due to latency of data inputs.The VNP21A2 product contains 11 Science Datasets (SDS): LST, quality control, view zenith angle, and time of observation for both day and night observations along with emissivity for bands M14, M15, and M16. Low-resolution browse images for day and night LST are also available for each VNP21A2 granule.Known Issues* Users of VIIRS and MODIS LST products may notice an increase in occurrences of [extreme high temperature outliers](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/displayissue?id=707) in the unfiltered VNP21 and MxD21 products compared to the heritage MxD11 LST products. This can occur especially over desert regions like the Sahara where undetected cloud and dust can negatively impact MxD11, MxD21, and VNP21 retrieval algorithms. * In the MxD11 LST products, these contaminated pixels are flagged in the algorithm and set to fill values in the output products based on differences in the band 32 and band 31 radiances used in the generalized split window algorithm. In the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products, values for the contaminated pixels are retained in the output products (and may result in overestimated temperatures), and users need to apply Quality Control (QC) filtering and other error analyses for filtering out bad values. High temperature outlier thresholds are not employed in VNP21 and MxD21 since it would potentially remove naturally occurring hot surface targets such as fires and lava flows.* High atmospheric aerosol optical depth (AOD) caused by vast dust outbreaks in the Sahara and other deserts highlighted in the example documentation are the primary reason for high outlier surface temperature values (and corresponding low emissivity values) in the VNP21 and MxD21 LST products. Future versions of the VNP21 and MxD21 products will include a dust flag from the MODIS aerosol product and/or brightness temperature look up tables to filter out contaminated dust pixels. It should be noted that in the MxD11B day/night algorithm products, more advanced cloud filtering is employed in the multi-day products based on a temporal analysis of historical LST over cloudy areas. This may result in more stringent filtering of dust contaminated pixels in these products. * To mitigate the impact of dust in the VNP21 and MxD21 products, the science team recommends using a combination of the existing QC bits, emissivity values, and estimated product errors, to confidently remove bad pixels from analysis. For more details, refer to this dust and cloud contamination [example documentation](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/QA_WWW/forPage/MOD21_dust_QC_examples.pdf).* VNP21 v001 products utilize the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) as an input. This may result in product latency of a month or more. * For complete information about known issues please refer to the [MODIS/VIIRS Land Quality Assessment website](https://landweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/kno

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2020View details →

zenodo24/100

DATA for Land Surface Model influence on the simulated climatologies of temperature and precipitation extremes in the WRF v.3.9 model over North America

Code and daily temperature and precipitation outputs used to estimate climate extreme indices in García-García et al. 2020.   García-García A., Cuesta-Valero F.J., Beltrami H., González-Rouco J.F., García-Bustamante E., and Finnis J. "Land Surface Model influence on the simulated climatologies of temperature and precipitation extremes in the WRF v.3.9 model over North America" submitted to Geocientific Model Development. 2020.

zenodo24/100

Himawari-8/AHI hourly clear-sky land surface temperature and emissivity dataset (2017.5-2017.8)

This is the clear-sky LST and LSE dataset (0.02°, hourly) derived by the iTES algorithm (Zhou and Cheng, 2020) from the Himawari-8 AHI thermal infrared data. A broadband emissivity (BBE, 8-13.5μm) dataset was also produced using the derived AHI narrowband LSEs (Cheng et al. 2013). The in-situ validation results show that the bias and RMSE of the retrieved AHI LST are 0.19 and 2.93 K in the daytime, and −0.43 and 1.95 K in the nighttime, respectively. The bias and RMSE of the retrieved LSE are less than 0.005 and 0.014, respectively, compared with the latest MYD21 LSE. The time period of this dataset is 2016-2021, covering the AHI 0.02° nominal fixed grid (60°N&sim;60°S, 80°E&sim;160°W). This is the LST&E dataset in 2017.05-2017.08 Dataset Characteristics: <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: East Asia and Western Pacific regions (60°N&sim;60°S, 80°E-140°E)</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 2017.05-2017.08</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 0.02 °</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: one hour</li> <li>Projection: GCS_WGS_1984</li> <li>Data Format: NetCDF</li> </ul> Citation (Please cite these papers when using the data): <ol> <li> Zhou, S., & Cheng, J. (2020). An Improved Temperature and Emissivity Separation Algorithm for the Advanced Himawari Imager. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 58, 7105-7124 </li> <li> Cheng, J., et al. (2013). Estimating the Optimal Broadband Emissivity Spectral Range for Calculating Surface Longwave Net Radiation. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 10, 401-40 </li> </ol> If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Jie Cheng (Jie_Cheng@bnu.edu.cn).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

zenodo24/100

Himawari-8/AHI hourly clear-sky land surface temperature and emissivity dataset (2020.9-2020.12)

This is the clear-sky LST and LSE dataset (0.02°, hourly) derived by the iTES algorithm (Zhou and Cheng, 2020) from the Himawari-8 AHI thermal infrared data. A broadband emissivity (BBE, 8-13.5μm) dataset was also produced using the derived AHI narrowband LSEs (Cheng et al. 2013). The in-situ validation results show that the bias and RMSE of the retrieved AHI LST are 0.19 and 2.93 K in the daytime, and −0.43 and 1.95 K in the nighttime, respectively. The bias and RMSE of the retrieved LSE are less than 0.005 and 0.014, respectively, compared with the latest MYD21 LSE. The time period of this dataset is 2016-2021, covering the AHI 0.02° nominal fixed grid (60°N&sim;60°S, 80°E&sim;160°W). This is the LST&E dataset in 2020.09-2020.12 Dataset Characteristics: <ul> <li>Spatial Coverage: East Asia and Western Pacific regions (60°N&sim;60°S, 80°E-140°E)</li> <li>Temporal Coverage: 2020.09-2020.12</li> <li>Spatial Resolution: 0.02 °</li> <li>Temporal Resolution: one hour</li> <li>Projection: GCS_WGS_1984</li> <li>Data Format: NetCDF</li> </ul> Citation (Please cite these papers when using the data): <ol> <li> Zhou, S., & Cheng, J. (2020). An Improved Temperature and Emissivity Separation Algorithm for the Advanced Himawari Imager. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 58, 7105-7124 </li> <li> Cheng, J., et al. (2013). Estimating the Optimal Broadband Emissivity Spectral Range for Calculating Surface Longwave Net Radiation. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 10, 401-40 </li> </ol> If you have any questions, please contact Prof. Jie Cheng (Jie_Cheng@bnu.edu.cn).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity 5-Min L2 1km NRT

The MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/3-Band Emissivity (LST&E) 5-Min L2 1km data product, short-name MOD21 is produced daily in five minute temporal increments of satellite acquisition. The swath is approximately 2,030 pixels along track and 1,354 pixels per line, at a nadir resolution of 1,000 meters. The MOD21 Land Surface Temperature (LST) algorithm differs from the MOD11 (https://doi.org/10.5067/modis/mod11_l2.061) algorithm in that the MOD21 LST algorithm is based on the ASTER Temperature/Emissivity Separation (TES) technique, whereas the MOD11 uses the split-window technique. Additional details regarding the method used to create this Level 2 (L2) product are available in the Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD (https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/documents/107/MOD21_ATBD.pdf)). The Version 6.1 Level-1B (L1B) products have been improved by undergoing various calibration changes that include: changes to the response-versus-scan angle (RVS) approach that affects reflectance bands for Aqua and Terra MODIS, corrections to adjust for the optical crosstalk in Terra MODIS infrared (IR) bands, and more.

MODIS/Aqua Monthly mean Night-Time Land Surface Temperature at 1x1 degree V005 (MYD11CM1N) at GES DISC

The dataset contains global monthly night-time land surface temperature averaged within 1 by 1 degree grid cells. The source for the data is MODIS/Aqua MYD11C3 Collection 005 product (MODIS/Aqua Monthly mean land surface temperature at 0.05 degree spatial resolution). The dataset covers the time period from 2002-08-01 to 2015-06-30.

MODIS/Terra Monthly mean Night-Time Land Surface Temperature at 1x1 degree V005 (MOD11CM1N) at GES DISC

The dataset contains global monthly night-time land surface temperature averaged within 1 by 1 degree grid cells. The source for the data is MODIS/Terra MOD11C3 Collection 005 product (MODIS/Terra Monthly mean land surface temperature at 0.05 degree spatial resolution). The dataset covers the time period from 2000-03-01 to 2015-06-30.

MODIS/Aqua Monthly mean Day-Time Land Surface Temperature at 1x1 degree V005 (MYD11CM1D) at GES DISC

The dataset contains global monthly day-time land surface temperature averaged within 1 by 1 degree grid cells. The source for the data is MODIS/Aqua MYD11C3 Collection 005 product (MODIS/Aqua Monthly mean land surface temperature at 0.05 degree spatial resolution). The dataset covers the time period from 2002-08-01 to 2015-06-30.

MODIS/Terra Monthly mean Day-Time Land Surface Temperature at 1x1 degree V005 (MOD11CM1D) at GES DISC

The dataset contains global monthly day-time land surface temperature averaged within 1 by 1 degree grid cells. The source for the data is MODIS/Terra MOD11C3 Collection 005 product (MODIS/Terra Monthly mean land surface temperature at 0.05 degree spatial resolution). The dataset covers the time period from 2000-03-01 to 2015-06-30.

MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 5-Min L2 Swath 1km NRT

The MODIS/Aqua Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 5-Min L2 Swath 1km Near Real Time (NRT), short name MYD11_L2, incorporate 1 km pixels, which are produced daily at 5-minute increments using the generalized split-window algorithm. This algorithm is optimally used to separate ranges of atmospheric column water vapor and lower boundary air surface temperatures into tractable sub-ranges. The surface emissivities in bands 31 and 32 are estimated from land cover types. The data inputs include the MODIS L1B calibrated and geolocated radiances, geolocation, cloud mask, atmospheric profiles, land and snow cover. The MYD11_L2 data set comprises swath data obtained in 5-minute sensor collection periods, and includes the following Science Data Set (SDS) layers:- LST- Quality control assessment- Error estimates- Bands 31 and 32 emissivities- Zenith angle of the pixel view- Observation time- Geographic coordinates for every five scan lines and samples.Produced daily, MYD11_L2 is an unprojected level-2 product, which provides the input for the level-3 products.

restrictednotspecifiedMay 2025View details →

MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 5-Min L2 Swath 1km

The MODIS/Terra Near Real Time (NRT) level-2 Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST/E) data (Shortname: MOD11_L2) incorporate 1 km pixels, which are produced daily at 5-minute increments using the generalized split-window algorithm. This algorithm is optimally used to separate ranges of atmospheric column water vapor and lower boundary air surface temperatures into tractable sub-ranges. The surface emissivities in bands 31 and 32 are estimated from land cover types. The data inputs include the MODIS L1B calibrated and geolocated radiances, geolocation, cloud mask, atmospheric profiles, land and snow cover.The MOD11_L2 data set comprises swath data obtained in 5-minute sensor collection periods, and includes the following Science Data Set (SDS) layers: - LST- Quality control assessment- Error estimates- Bands 31 and 32 emissivities- Zenith angle of the pixel view- Observation time- Geographic coordinates for every five scan lines and samples. Produced daily, MOD11_L2 is an unprojected level-2 product, which provides the input for the level-3 products.

restrictednotspecifiedMay 2025View details →

MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 5-Min L2 Swath 1km

The MODIS/Aqua Near Real Time (NRT) level-2 Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST/E) data (Shortname: MYD11_L2) incorporate 1 km pixels, which are produced daily at 5-minute increments using the generalized split-window algorithm. This algorithm is optimally used to separate ranges of atmospheric column water vapor and lower boundary air surface temperatures into tractable sub-ranges. The surface emissivities in bands 31 and 32 are estimated from land cover types. The data inputs include the MODIS L1B calibrated and geolocated radiances, geolocation, cloud mask, atmospheric profiles, land and snow cover.The MYD11_L2 data set comprises swath data obtained in 5-minute sensor collection periods, and includes the following Science Data Set (SDS) layers:- LST- Quality control assessment- Error estimates- Bands 31 and 32 emissivities- Zenith angle of the pixel view- Observation time- Geographic coordinates for every five scan lines and samples.Produced daily, MYD11_L2 is an unprojected level-2 product, which provides the input for the level-3 products.

MODIS/Terra Land Surface Temperature/Emissivity 5-Min L2 Swath 1km NRT

The MODIS/Terra level-2 Land Surface Temperature and Emissivity (LST/E) Near Real Time (NRT) with Shortname MOD11_L2, incorporate 1 km pixels, which are produced daily at 5-minute increments using the generalized split-window algorithm. This algorithm is optimally used to separate ranges of atmospheric column water vapor and lower boundary air surface temperatures into tractable sub-ranges. The surface emissivities in bands 31 and 32 are estimated from land cover types. The data inputs include the MODIS L1B calibrated and geolocated radiances, geolocation, cloud mask, atmospheric profiles, land and snow cover. The MOD11_L2 data set comprises swath data obtained in 5-minute sensor collection periods, and includes the following Science Data Set (SDS) layers: - LST- Quality control assessment- Error estimates- Bands 31 and 32 emissivities- Zenith angle of the pixel view- Observation time- Geographic coordinates for every five scan lines and samples. Produced daily, MOD11_L2 is an unprojected level-2 product, which provides the input for the level-3 products.