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1,321 results for “Navigator”
Data from: Spatial encoding in primate hippocampus during free navigation
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Navigating uncertainty in environmental DNA detection of a nuisance marine macroalga
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Selective disappearance based on navigational efficiency in a long-lived seabird
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Data from: Navigating Polycrisis: long-run socio-cultural factors shape response to changing climate
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Evolution of interspecific variation in marine larval dispersal kernels: The role of larval navigation ability
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Data from: navigating uncertainty: managing herbivore communities enhances savanna ecosystem resilience under climate change
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From behavior to circuit modeling of light-seeking navigation in zebrafish larvae
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A comparison between mouse, in silico, and robot odor plume navigation reveals advantages of mouse odor-tracking
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Data from: A red knot as a black swan: how a single bird shows navigational abilities during repeat crossings of the Greenland Icecap
<p>Despite the wealth of studies on seasonal movements of birds between southern nonbreeding locations and High Arctic breeding locations, the key mechanisms of navigation during these migrations remain elusive. A flight along the shortest possible route between pairs of points on a sphere ('orthodrome') requires a bird to be able to assess its current location in relation to its migration goal and to make continuous adjustment of heading to reach that goal. Alternatively, birds may navigate along a vector with a fixed orientation ('loxodrome') based on magnetic and/or celestial compass mechanisms. Compass navigation is considered especially challenging for summer migrations in Polar regions, as continuous daylight and complexity in the geomagnetic field may complicate the use of both celestial and magnetic compasses here. We examine the possible use of orientation mechanisms during migratory flights across the Greenland Icecap. Using a novel 2 g solar-powered satellite transmitter, we documented the flight paths travelled by a female red knot (<i>Calidris canutus islandica</i>) during two northward and two southward migrations. The geometry of the paths suggests that red knots can migrate across the Greenland Icecap along the shortest-, orthodrome-like, path instead of the previously suggested loxodrome path. This particular bird's ability to return to locations visited in a previous year, together with its sudden course changes (which would be appropriate responses to ambient wind fields), suggest a map sense that enables red knots to determine location, so that they can tailor their route depending on local conditions.</p>
Data from: Navigating the southern seas with small fins: Genetic connectivity of seahorses (Hippocampus abdominalis) across the Tasman Sea
Aim Historical patterns of ocean circulation in the Southern Hemisphere have been well studied, but the effects of coastal oceanography on marine biogeography in this region remain poorly understood relative to northern latitudes. Our study investigates historical and contemporary patterns of migration and dispersal across the Tasman Sea. Location Coastal regions of the Tasman Sea including southeastern Australia, Tasmania and New Zealand. Taxon Hippocampus abdominalis, the pot-bellied seahorse, one of the most broadly distributed seahorse species, and the only seahorse to have successfully colonized New Zealand from Australia across 2,000 km of open ocean. Methods We used a multilocus genetic dataset to measure population diversity and differentiation from seahorses across the full species range to investigate contemporary and historical demography, and to reconstruct colonization routes across the Tasman Sea. Results Genetic data indicate that seahorses colonized New Zealand from Australia during the previous interglacial-glacial cycle (12,000-120,000 ybp), and have evolved in relative isolation since the initial establishment event. Contemporary effective population sizes in the newly colonized range are substantially larger than those inferred in Australia, and both appear to be reduced relative to ancestral levels. Australian seahorses are genetically diverse and show high levels of population connectivity, while the distribution of genetic variation in New Zealand suggests an initial colonization of the South Island following by northward migration. Importantly, despite clear evidence that New Zealand seahorses are descendent from Australian ancestors, patterns of contemporary genetic diversity are consistent with trans-Tasman migration from New Zealand to Australia, suggesting that genetic variation accumulated in the newly colonized range is contributing to the genetic diversity of Australian seahorses. Main conclusions Despite a largely independent evolutionary trajectory of seahorses separated by the Tasman Sea, haplotype sharing between populations in Australia and New Zealand suggests that secondary genetic exchange is contributing to the contemporary phylogeography of the species. Patterns of genetic structure in H. abdominalis mirror those found in other rafting species, suggesting that adult dispersal via rafting has been an important vector of marine dispersal in this species.
Learning my way: a pilot study of navigation skills in Cerebral palsy in Immersive Virtual Reality
<p>The dataset includes data about 15 children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) and 13 typically developing (TD) peers that performed a new navigation task in Immersive Virtual Reality (IVR) in order to assess the individual navigation strategies and their modifiability in a situation resembling real life.</p> <p> </p>
Images from Newspaper Navigator predicted as maps, with human corrected labels
<p>The Dataset contains images derived from the Newspaper Navigator (news-navigator.labs.loc.gov/), a dataset of images drawn from the Library of Congress Chronicling America collection (chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/). </p> <blockquote> <p>[The Newspaper Navigator dataset] consists of extracted visual content for 16,358,041 historic newspaper pages in <em>Chronicling America</em>. The visual content was identified using an object detection model trained on annotations of World War 1-era Chronicling America pages, including annotations made by volunteers as part of the <a href="https://labs.loc.gov/work/experiments/beyond-words/">Beyond Words</a> crowdsourcing project.</p> <p>source:<a href="https://news-navigator.labs.loc.gov/"> https://news-navigator.labs.loc.gov/</a></p> </blockquote> <p>One of these categories is 'maps'. In the original training data for Newspaper Navigator, there were relatively few labelled examples of maps. The predictions for maps have an <a href="https://github.com/LibraryOfCongress/newspaper-navigator">Average Precision of 69.5%, and 34 images in the validation data</a>.</p> <p>This dataset contains a sample of these images which have been predicted as 'maps'. It also includes additional labels which indicate whether the predicted map image is a 'map' or 'not a map'. </p> <p>The data is organised as follows:</p> <ul> <li>The images themselves can be found in 'newspaper_maps.zip' </li> <li>`2020_30_10_13_19_228_sample.json` contains metadata about each image drawn from the Newspaper Navigator Dataset.</li> <li>map_labels.csv contains the labels for the images as a CSV file </li> </ul>
Data from: Olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation in a coastal shark
How animals navigate the constantly moving and visually uniform pelagic realm, often along straight paths between distant sites, is an enduring mystery. The mechanisms enabling pelagic navigation in cartilaginous fishes are particularly understudied. We used shoreward navigation by leopard sharks (Triakis semifasciata) as a model system to test whether olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation. Leopard sharks were captured alongshore, transported 9 km offshore, released, and acoustically tracked for approximately 4 h each until the transmitter released. Eleven sharks were rendered anosmic (nares occluded with cotton wool soaked in petroleum jelly); fifteen were sham controls. Mean swimming depth was 28.7 m. On average, tracks of control sharks ended 62.6% closer to shore, following relatively straight paths that were significantly directed over spatial scales exceeding 1600 m. In contrast, tracks of anosmic sharks ended 37.2% closer to shore, following significantly more tortuous paths that approximated correlated random walks. These results held after swimming paths were adjusted for current drift. This is the first study to demonstrate experimentally that olfaction contributes to pelagic navigation in sharks, likely mediated by chemical gradients as has been hypothesized for birds. Given the similarities between the fluid three-dimensional chemical atmosphere and ocean, further research comparing swimming and flying animals may lead to a unifying paradigm explaining their extraordinary navigational abilities.
Drones and Global Navigation Satellite Systems – current evidence from polar scientists
<p><span><span>Aerial unmanned vehicles, so-called drones, present a paradigm shift away from the long term use by scientists of manned airplanes and helicopters. This is evident from the number of research articles that focus on data obtained with drones. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>This article examines the use of aerial drones for scientific research in cryospheric regions, especially Antarctica and the Arctic. Specifically it aims to provide insights into the choices and performance of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) use for drones, including augmentation systems.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>Data on drone GNSS navigation and positioning in the context of scientific polar research has been scarce. Drone survey data obtained from polar scientists in April 2019 is the first representative sample from this close-knit global community across the specialisms of climatology, ecology, geology, geomorphology, geophysics and oceanography. </span></span></p> <p><span><span>The survey results derived from 16 countries revealed that 14.71% of scientists used GALILEO, 27.94% used GLONASS and 45.59% used GPS. Many used a combination of two or more GNSS. Multiple regression analysis showed that there is no strong relationship between a specific pattern of GNSS augmentation and greater positioning accuracy.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>Further polar drone studies should assess the effects of phase scintillation on all GNSS, therefore BEIDOU, GALILEO, GLONASS and GPS.</span></span></p>
Data from: How to find home backwards? Navigation during rearward homing of Cataglyphis fortis desert ants
Cataglyphis ants are renowned for their impressive navigation skills, which have been studied in numerous experiments during forward locomotion. However, the ants' navigational performance during backward homing when dragging large food loads has not been investigated until now. During backward locomotion, the odometer has to deal with unsteady motion and irregularities in inter-leg coordination. The legs' sensory feedback during backward walking is not just a simple reversal of the forward stepping movements: compared with forward homing, ants are facing towards the opposite direction during backward dragging. Hence, the compass system has to cope with a flipped celestial view (in terms of the polarization pattern and the position of the sun) and an inverted retinotopic image of the visual panorama and landmark environment. The same is true for wind and olfactory cues. In this study we analyze for the first time backward-homing ants and evaluate their navigational performance in channel and open field experiments. Backward-homing Cataglyphis fortis desert ants show remarkable similarities in the performance of homing compared with forward-walking ants. Despite the numerous challenges emerging for the navigational system during backward walking, we show that ants perform quite well in our experiments. Direction and distance gauging was comparable to that of the forward-walking control groups. Interestingly, we found that backward-homing ants often put down the food item and performed foodless search loops around the left food item. These search loops were mainly centred around the drop-off position (and not around the nest position), and increased in length the closer the ants came to their fictive nest site.
Data from: Hydrology controls recruitment of two invasive cyprinids: bigheaded carp reproduction in a navigable large river
In the Mississippi River Basin of North America, invasive bigheaded carp (silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and bighead carp H. nobilis, also referred to as Asian carp) have spread rapidly over the past several decades. In the Illinois River, an important tributary of the Upper Mississippi River, reproduction appears to be sporadic and frequently unsuccessful, yet bigheaded carp densities in this river are among the highest recorded on the continent. Understanding the causative factors behind erratic recruitment in this commercially-harvested invasive species is important for both limiting their spread and managing their harvest. We analyzed weekly catch records from 15 years of a standardized monitoring program to document the emergence of age-0 bigheaded carp in relation to environmental conditions. The appearance of age-0 fish was generally linked to hydrographic attributes, which probably serve as a cue for spawning. However, we found profound differences in the number of age-0 fish among years, which varied by as much as five orders of magnitude in successive years. The strong link between summer flooding and age-0 fish production we observed emphasizes the importance of understanding the hydrologic context in which sustained invasions occur. Despite evidence of sporadic recruitment, bigheaded carp populations in the Illinois River appear to be consistent or increasing because of particularly strong, episodic year classes.
FIGURE 16 in Navigator, a new endemic genus of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Australia, with descriptions of two new species and behavioural studies
FIGURE 16. Navigator specimen collecting records by species with climate zones. Collecting records: beige dots—N. ruficornis, blue squares—N. fossor, red pentagons—N. pixii. Open symbols are records from literature. Small dark grey dots in the background show the distribution of various cetoniine taxa for comparative purposes (refer to Methods section for details). Climate zones indicated by legend. Grey shading—ground elevations.
FIGURE 14. Navigator habitat. A–D in Navigator, a new endemic genus of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Australia, with descriptions of two new species and behavioural studies
FIGURE 14. Navigator habitat. A–D—Navigator fossor (all images near or 10 km west of Menzies, Western Australia): A— Acacia leaf litter and branch thicket. B—Acacia with scattered Grevillea. C—male on leaf litter under Acacia. D—larva in decomposing leaf substrate. E–F—Navigator pixii (images at Boggomoss site BM03, Queesland): E—collecting locations of adults and larvae. F—accumulations of dead leaves, predominantly from Acacia harpophylla, on the ground under which larvae were found.
FIGURE 12 in Navigator, a new endemic genus of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Australia, with descriptions of two new species and behavioural studies
FIGURE 12. Site map of Taroom and Boggomoss, Queensland. Red pentagons–collecting locations of Navigator pixii; Oak Wells collecting location not shown due to distance. Light green areas–forests of various compositions, dark green areas– Brigalow ecological communities and other Acacia harpophylla co-dominant communities. Solid light red polygons along roads–stock routes, cross-hatched red polygons–protected areas; grey shading—ground elevations. The two collecting locations at Taroom show label data, which was most likely simplified, not exact locations.
FIGURE 15 in Navigator, a new endemic genus of Cetoniinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) from Australia, with descriptions of two new species and behavioural studies
FIGURE 15. Navigator collecting locations with relevant major vegetation classes. Collecting locations: beige dots—N. ruficornis, blue squares—N. fossor, red pentagons—N. pixii. Open symbols are records from literature. Navigator interior are not shown since there is no precise collecting information. Small dark grey dots in the background show the distribution of various cetoniine taxa for comparative purposes (refer to Methods section for details). Vegetation classes: yellow areasdeserts, green areas—grasslands, magenta areas—subtropical without dry season (class 34). Grey shading—ground elevations.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.