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1,441 results for “North Temperate Lakes - LTER”
Minocqua Dam Monthly Meteorological Data at North Temperate Lakes LTER 1905 - current
Minoqua Dam, Wisconsin. Meteorological measurements are being gathered at a site at the Minocqua Dam for these purposes: 1) to supplement the data from the raft on Sparkling Lake and 2) to provide standard meteorological measurements for the North Temperate Lakes site. The following parameters are measured and stored as monthly values: 1) mean daily air temperature, 2) mean maximum air temperature, 3) mean minimum air temperature, 4) total precipitation, and 5) total snowfall. Sampling Frequency: data averaged to monthly values Number of sites: 1
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Chemical Limnology of Primary Study Lakes: Major Ions 1981 - current
Parameters characterizing the major ions of the eleven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, bog lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog], and 12-15 [Trout Bog], Mendota, Monona, Wingra and Fish) are measured at one station in the deepest part of each lake at the top and bottom of the epilimnion, mid-thermocline, and top, middle, and bottom of the hypolimnion. These parameters include chloride, sulfate, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron, manganese, and specific conductance (northern lakes only). Lake Wingra has always been just a surface sample, but in the winter we have, at times, taken chloride samples from top to bottom to have a better understanding of road salt effects. Samples for conductivity are collected four times per year in the seven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes, and unnamed lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog], and 12-15 [Trout Bog] in the Trout Lake area at the deepest part of the lake, sampling at the surface, mid water column, and the bottom. The sampling dates include February under ice, spring mixis, August stratified, and fall mixis. Conductivity is measured using a YSI Model 32 conductivity meter with YSI 3403 conductivity cell, reported as uS/cm at 25°C. 1981-1988: a Sybron Barnstead conductivity bridge was used. 1981-1986: conductivity was measured monthly. Sampling Frequency: quarterly (winter, spring and fall mixes, and summer stratified periods) More information on our lakes and where they are sampled can be found here: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-ntl&identifier=434. Number of sites: 11
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Macrophyte Rating - Madison Lakes Area 1995 - current
Aquatic macrophytes are sampled from a boat at stations located at depths from 1 to 4 meters at 0.5-m intervals along transects perpendicular to the lake shoreline of the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and Fish Lake) from June to August. A weighted, double-headed garden rake is cast off the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right of the boat and then dragged approximately 2 meters across the bottom by means of an attached line. For each rake cast, filamentous algae and any aquatic macrophyte species present are assigned a density rating from 0-5 based on the extent of coverage of the upper rake head. Determination of extent of coverage involves judgment of the surveyor as to the number of rake teeth and area of teeth covered by each species. It is necessary to separate plants to assess individual species coverage. Ratings from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute an overall density rating for each species found at the station.1 to 4 meters at 0.5-m intervals along transects perpendicular to the lake shoreline of the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and Fish Lake) from June to August. A weighted, double-headed garden rake is cast off the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right of the boat and then dragged approximately 2 meters across the bottom by means of an attached line. In addition (see related data set: Macrophyte Weight --- Madison Lakes Area), the total plant mass and the total filamentous algae mass in each tow is measured. To the maximum extent possible, water is squeezed from the plants to minimize the amount of water present in the final weight. Weights are recorded in the boat using field scales. Weights from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute overall average weights for plant mass and for filamentous algae mass at the station. Sampling Frequency: annually during summer Number of sites: 4
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Macrophyte Biomass - Madison Lakes Area 1995 - current
Aquatic macrophytes are sampled from a boat at stations located at depths from 1 to 4 meters at 0.5-m intervals along transects perpendicular to the lake shoreline of the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra, and Fish Lake) from June to August. A weighted, double-headed garden rake is cast off the front left, front right, rear left, and rear right of the boat and then dragged approximately 2 meters across the bottom by means of an attached line. For each rake cast, the total amount of filamentous algae and aquatic macrophyte species present is assigned a density rating from 0-5 based on the extent of coverage of the upper rake head. Determination of extent of coverage involves judgment of the surveyor as to the number of rake teeth and area of teeth covered. Ratings from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute an overall density rating for the station In addition, the total plant mass and the total filamentous algae mass in each tow is measured. To the maximum extent possible, water is squeezed from the plants to minimize the amount of water present in the final weight. Weights are recorded in the boat using field scales. Weights from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute overall average weights for plant mass and for filamentous algae mass at the station. A related data set (Macrophyte Rating --- Madison Lakes Area), contains rake ratings for individual macrophyte species. For each rake cast, filamentous algae and any aquatic macrophyte species present are assigned a density rating from 0-5 based on the extent of coverage of the upper rake head. Determination of extent of coverage involves judgment of the surveyor as to the number of rake teeth and area of teeth covered by each species. It is necessary to separate plants to assess individual species coverage. Ratings from the 4 rake casts at each station can be averaged to compute an overall density rating for each species found at
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Fish Species Richness 1981 - current
This data set is a derived data set based on fish catch data. Data are collected annually to enable us to track the fish assemblages of eleven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, bog lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog] and 12-15 [Trout Bog], Mendota, Monona, Wingra and Fish). Sampling on Lakes Monona, Wingra, and Fish started in 1995; sampling on other lakes started in 1981. Sampling is done at six littoral zone sites per lake with seine, minnow or crayfish traps, and fyke nets; a boat-mounted electrofishing system samples three littoral transects. Vertically hung gill nets are used to obtain two pelagic samples per lake from the deepest point. A trammel net samples across the thermocline at two sites per lake. In the bog lakes only fyke nets and minnow traps are deployed. Parameters measured include species-level identification and lengths for all fish caught, and weight and scale samples from a subset. Derived data sets include species richness, catch per unit effort, and size distribution by species, lake, and year. Species richness for a lake is the number of fish species caught in that lake during the annual fish sampling. Hybrids captured are only included in the richness value if neither of the two hybridized species are caught in the lake that year. Fish identified only to genus or higher taxonomic level are not included if any fish identified to species within that genus or higher taxonomic level are caught. E.g., Unidentified Chub would be only included in the richness value if no other chub is caught in that lake that year. Sampling Frequency: annually. Number of sites: 11 Notes: Beach seining was discontinued after 2019. 2020 data does not exist due to insufficient sampling. In 2021, sampling in Fish Lake was suspended due to significant lake level changes. Data is missing for the two bogs in 2022. Please consult NTL's website for information on experimental lake manipulations and the DNR's website for management activities
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Light Extinction 1981 - current
A light (PAR) extinction coefficient is calculated for the water column for the eleven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, Crystal Bog, Trout Bog, Mendota, Monona, Wingra, and Fish) and two additional lakes near Madison, Wisconsin (Waubesa and Kegonsa). Data exists only for the Trout Lake-area lakes through 2018. Beginning in 2019, the Madison-area lakes were added. The fraction of surface light is computed at 0.25-m to 1-m depth intervals depending on the lake. The light (PAR) extinction coefficient is calculated by regressing ln(fraction of light(z)) on depth z. Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 13. The raw light data can be found in two other datasets: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-ntl&identifier=29 & https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-ntl&identifier=401
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Physical Limnology of Primary Study Lakes 1981 - current
Parameters characterizing the physical limnology of the eleven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, bog lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog] and 12-15 [Trout Bog], Mendota, Monona, Wingra and Fish) are measured at one station in the deepest part of each lake at 0.25 m to 1 m depth intervals depending on the lake. Measured parameters in the data set include water temperature, vertical penetration of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), dissolved oxygen in mg/L and percent saturation. Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season for the northern lakes. The southern lakes are similar except that sampling occurs monthly during the fall and typically only once during the winter (depending on ice conditions). Number of sites: 11. More information on NTL’s primary study lakes can be found at: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-ntl&identifier=434. Please consult NTL's website (https://lter.limnology.wisc.edu) for information on experimental lake manipulations and the Wisconsin DNR's website (https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/) for management activities.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Crayfish Abundance 1981 - current
Crayfish data include crayfish catch in cylindrical minnow traps baited with beef liver and the occasional occurrence in other gear used to sample fish. Traps are now placed at fyke net locations in three study lakes (Big Muskellunge, Sparkling, and Trout), but historical data exists in nine study lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, Mendota, Monona, Wingra and Fish). Individuals are identified to species and counted. In Trout and Sparkling Lake more detailed surveys have been conducted during the summer on an ad hoc basis to track distribution and abundance of the invading species Orconectes rusticus. In Sparkling lake, Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) was removed from 2001 to 2008. (Hein et al, https://doi.org/10.1139/f05-229). Additional data sets consist of pre-LTER sets (initiated in late June 1972) gathered by Capelli (Ph.D. dissertation) and Lorman (Ph.D. dissertation). Most of pre-LTER data is detailed distribution in Trout Lake, and community composition in other area lakes. Note that 2020 data does not exist due to insufficient sampling, and beach seining was discontinued after the 2019 season. Sampling Frequency: annually. Number of sites: 3
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Lake Levels 1981 - current
Lake level is measured during the open water season for the seven primary lakes in the Trout Lake area (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes and unnamed lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog], and 12-15 [Trout Bog]) using Solinst level loggers in stilling wells logging at 30 minute intervals. Lake level elevation is also manually measured several times each season using a survey of benchmarks of known elevation to calibrate the level loggers. Prior to 2017, lake level was measured with staff gauges placed near the shoreline. Staff gauges were read every two weeks as part of LTER routine sampling. Two data files are provided. One has a sampling rate of roughly biweekly during the open water season. This provide sampling rate continuity through the 40+ years this data has been collected, and is in a long format. The second data file includes the full 30-minutes sampling rate that the Solinst level loggers provide. This latter data begins in 2017 and is given in a wide format with a column representing each of the seven lakes. Values are the water elevation in meters above sea level.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Secchi Disk Depth; Other Auxiliary Base Crew Sample Data 1981 - current
Secchi disk depth is measured in the deepest part of each lake for the eleven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout lakes, unnamed lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog] and 12-15 [Trout Bog], Fish, Mendota, Monona and Wingra). The disk is circular, 20 cm in diameter, and has alternating black and white quadrants. It is lowered using a calibrated Kevlar rope to minimize stretching. Readings are made on the shaded side of the boat both with (secview) and without (secnview) the aid of a plexiglass viewer. The points at which the disk disappears while being lowered and reappears while being raised are averaged to determine Secchi depth. Auxiliary data include time of day, air temperature, cloud cover, wave height, wind speed and direction and whether the lake was ice covered on the sampledate. Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season for the northern lakes. The southern lakes are similar except that sampling occurs monthly during the fall and typically only once during the winter (depending on ice conditions). Number of sites: 11 More information on NTL’s primary study lakes can be found at: https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/mapbrowse?scope=knb-lter-ntl&identifier=434
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Ice Duration - Trout Lake Area 1981 - current
Data includes day of freeze-up and thaw dates of seven northern primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout, Crystal Bog, and Trout Bog). Observations are made approximately every other day during times of freeze and thaw. A lake is considered ice covered when the sampling station (the deepest part of the lake) is ice covered. The lake is considered thawed when it is possible to drive a boat from the boat landing to the sampling station without encountering ice. The ice duration is the number of days during the winter season that the lake surface was frozen. This is calculated using the average date of ‘lastopen’ and ‘ice_on’ for freeze-up, and the average date of ‘lastice’ and ‘ice_off’ for the thaw. The average is rounded forward. A few early years do not have all four dates so duration in those cases use whatever dates are available. The ‘comments’ column notes the dates when multiple freeze/thaws occurred during the winter. Sampling Frequency: annually. Number of sites: 7.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Ice Duration - Madison Lakes Area 1853 - current
Data include dates of freeze-up, thaw, and ice duration of three primary lakes in the Madison area (Lake Mendota, Lake Monona, and Lake Wingra). Data are obtained from the State Climatologist. For Monona and Wingra, the freeze date (ice on) is defined as the first date on which the water body is observed to be completely ice covered, and the breakup date (ice off) is the date of the last breakup observed before the open water phase. Ice duration is the number of days that a water body is completely covered with ice and excludes any period during which the lake thawed in mid-winter before freezing again. For Mendota, duration is calculated in the same manner, but ice on and ice off dates are assigned as follows: the lake is deemed frozen if it has solid ice from Picnic Point to Maple Bluff, and total ice cover is greater than 50 %. The lake is deemed open if it is ice-free from Picnic Point to Maple Bluff and total ice cover is less than 50%. Sampling Frequency: annually. Number of sites: 3.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Snow and Ice Depth 1982 - current
Snow and ice depth are measured during the winter months on the eleven primary lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, Trout lakes, unnamed lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog] and 12-15 [Trout Bog], Fish, Mendota, Monona and Wingra). 10 snow depth measurements are taken in a circle around the sampling location and averaged to single measurement. Sampling Frequency: every 6 weeks during ice-covered season in the north and typically once during the winter in the south. Number of sites: 11.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Chlorophyll - Trout Lake Area 1981 - current
Chlorophyll and phaeopigments are measured at our permanent sampling station in the deepest part of each lake. A profile of chlorophyll samples is collected from the seven primary study lakes: Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes and bog lakes 27-02 (Crystal Bog), and 12-15 (Trout Bog) and analyzed spectrophotometrically. Sampling Frequency: fortnightly during ice-free season - every 6 weeks during ice-covered season Number of sites: 7
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Zooplankton - Trout Lake Area 1982 - current
Zooplankton samples are collected from the seven primary northern lakes (Allequash, Big Muskellunge, Crystal, Sparkling, and Trout lakes and bog lakes 27-02 [Crystal Bog], and 12-15 [Trout Bog]) at two to nine depths using a 2m long Schindler Patalas trap (53um mesh) and with vertical tows using a Wisconsin net (20cm diameter, 80um mesh). Zooplankton samples are preserved in buffered formalin (until 2001) or 95% ethanol (2001 onwards). Subsamples of the individual Schindler trap samples are combined to create a hypsometrically pooled sample which is counted for copepods, cladocerans, and rotifers. Data are summed over sex and stage to provide a lake-wide estimate of organisms per liter for each species. A minimum of 5 samples per lake-year are counted. The data set also contains length measurements for copepods and cladocerans. The Wisconsin net sample and the pooled sample are archived in the UW Zoology museum. Each year one complete set of Schindler Patalas depth samples collected in August is also archived. From 1981 to August 1986 - used a 0.5m high Schindler Patalas trap. Sampling Frequency: every two weeks during ice-free season, every 5 weeks during ice-cover. Number of sites: 7
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Chlorophyll - Madison Lakes Area 1995 - current
Chlorophyll is measured at our permanent sampling station in the deepest part of the lake. Chlorophyll samples are collected from the four primary study lakes in the Madison area (Lakes Mendota, Monona, and Wingra and Fish Lake) at integrated depths and discrete depths for spectrophotometric analysis and fluorometric analysis. Most samples have been collected as integrated samples from 0-2 meters (Mendota, Monona, Wingra, Fish) and 0-8 meters (Mendota). Due to a change in instruments starting in 2002 and lasting through 2007, chlorophyll analyses for the southern lakes had an uncorrectable bias, and are not included in this dataset. Analyses since then (2008 onward) have been determined to not have this bias. Sampling Frequency: bi-weekly during ice-free season from late March or early April through early September, then every 4 weeks through late November; sampling is conducted usually once during the winter (depending on ice conditions). Number of sites: 4 Please consult NTL's website for information on experimental lake manipulations and the DNR's website for management activities
North Temperate Lakes LTER: High Frequency Meteorological and Dissolved Oxygen Data - Sparkling Lake Raft 1989 - current
The instrumented raft on Sparkling Lake is equipped with a dissolved oxygen and CO2 sensors, a thermistor chain, and meteorological sensors that provide fundamental information on lake thermal structure, weather conditions, evaporation rates, and lake metabolism. Estimating the flux of solutes to and from lakes requires accurate water budgets. Evaporation rates are a critical component of the water budget of lakes. Data from the instrumented raft on Sparkling Lake includes micrometeorological parameters from which evaporation can be calculated. Raft measurements of relative humidity and air temperature (2m height), wind velocity (2m) ,and water temperatures (from thermistors placed throughout the water column at intervals varying from 0.5 to 3m) are combined with measurements of total long-wave and short-wave radiation data from a nearby shore station to determine evaporation by the energy budget technique. Comparable evaporation estimates from mass transfer techniques are calibrated against energy budget estimates to produce a lake-specific mass transfer coefficient for use in estimating evaporation rates. After correcting for flux to or from the atmosphere and vertical mixing within the water column, high frequency measurements of dissolved gases such as carbon dioxide and oxygen can be used to estimate gross primary productivity, respiration, and net ecosystem productivity, the basic components of whole lake metabolism. Other parameters measured include precipitation, wind direction (beginning in 2008), and barometric pressure (beginning in 2008). Sampling Frequency: one minute with hourly and daily averages provided. Number of sites: 1.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Sediment Deposition - Trout Lake Area 1986 - current
Settling particulate matter is collected using sediment traps deployed in the hypolimnion at the deepest part of the lake. Duplicate traps are set at one station in Trout, Sparkling and Crystal lakes. Traps are deployed during the ice-free period for four-week intervals. Mass deposition rates are calculated from the dry-weight of material collected, and mass flux is reported as mg per meter-squared per day. Sampling Frequency: every four weeks during ice-free season. Number of sites: 3.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Physical and Chemical Limnology of Lake Kegonsa and Lake Waubesa 1994 - current
Physical and chemicals parameters of two Madison-area lakes in the Yahara chain not included as core NTL-LTER study lakes. Parameters include intermittently sampled water temperature, dissolved oxygen, ph, total alkalinity, chloride and sulfate. Nutrient data has been collected since 2015. Number of sites: 2.
Microbial Observatory at North Temperate Lakes LTER High-resolution temporal and spatial dynamics of microbial community structure in freshwater bog lakes 2005 - 2009 original format (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/344/6, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-ntl/349/4. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: The North Temperate Lakes - Microbial Observatory seeks to study freshwater microbes over long time scales (10+ years). Observing microbial communities over multiple years using DNA sequencing allows in-depth assessment of diversity, variability, gene content, and seasonal/annual drivers of community composition. Combining information obtained from DNA sequencing with additional experiments, such as investigating the biochemical properties of specific compounds, gene expression, or nutrient concentrations, provides insight into the functions of microbial taxa. Our 16S rRNA gene amplicon datasets were collected from bog lakes in Vilas County, WI, and from Lake Mendota in Madison, WI. Ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing of freshwater environmental DNA was performed on samples from Crystal Bog, North Sparkling Bog, West Sparkling Bog, Trout Bog, South Sparkling Bog, Hell’s Kitchen, and Mary Lake. These microbial time series are valuable both for microbial ecologists seeking to understand the properties of microbial communities and for ecologists seeking to better understand how microbes contribute to ecosystem functioning in freshwater.
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