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opencc-zeroApr 2024View details →

Short-term heat waves have long-term consequences for parents and offspring in stickleback

Extreme temperature events, such as heat waves, can have lasting effects on the behavior, physiology, and reproductive success of organisms. Here we examine the impact of short-term exposure to a simulated heat wave on condition, parental care, and reproductive success in a population of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus), a small fish with exclusive paternal care, currently experiencing regular heat waves. Males were either exposed to a simulated heat wave (23°C) for five days or held at an ideal temperature (18°C). All males had offspring that were raised at 18°C. We found that while mass and body condition were unaffected in males exposed to a heat wave, cortisol responses were dampened across the nesting cycle compared to control males. In addition, heat wave males had longer latency for eggs to hatch, lower hatching success, and were unable to parent at the same level as control males. Offspring of heat wave males had lower body condition, affecting swimming performance. Altogether, our results highlight the long-term impact that even short-term events can have on reproductive success, parental behavior, and subsequent generations, providing insight into population responses to rapid environmental change.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Code from: Early survival in Atlantic salmon is associated with parental genotypes at loci linked to timing of maturation

Large effects loci often contain genes with critical developmental functions with potentially broad effects across life-stages. However, the life-stage-specific fitness consequences are rarely explored. In Atlantic salmon, variation in two large-effect loci, six6 and vgll3, is linked to age at maturity, and several physiological and behavioural traits in early life. By genotyping the progeny of wild Atlantic salmon that were planted into natural streams with nutrient manipulations, we tested if genetic variation in these loci is associated with survival in early life. We found that higher early life survival was linked to the genotype associated with late maturation in the vgll3, but with early maturation in the six6 locus. These effects were significant in high-nutrient, but not in in low-nutrient streams. The differences in early survival were not explained by additive genetic effects in the offspring generation, but by maternal genotypes in the six6 locus, and by both parents' genotypes in the vgll3 locus. Our results suggest that indirect genetic effects by large-effect loci can be significant determinants of offspring fitness. This study demonstrates an intriguing case of how large-effect loci can exhibit complex fitness associations across life stages in the wild and indicates that predicting evolutionary dynamics is difficult.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Microsatellite genotypes of Cercidiphyllum japonicum seeds and identity numbers of the seed parents

Genotypes at five microsatellite loci of 361 Cercidiphyllum japonicum seeds and identity numbers of their seed-parents in a population distributed over about 80 ha along a stream within Iwanazawa Forest Reserve (43°13′N, 142°34′E), University of Tokyo Hokkaido Forest, in central Hokkaido, Japan. Based on this and another data (<a href="https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnb7">https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zcrjdfnb7</a>), pattern of gene dispersal via pollen in this population was estimated by neighborhood model approach and Two generation analysis (TwoGener). These data set can be reused for review of the study and would be useful for comparison with other studies on gene dispersal of tree species.

opencc-zeroMay 2024View details →

Offspring overcome poor parenting by being better parents

The evolutionary repercussions of parental effects—the impact of the developmental environment provided by parents on offspring—are often discussed as static effects that can have negative influences on offspring fitness that may even persist across generations. However, individuals are not passive recipients and may mitigate the persistence of parental effects through their behaviour. Here, we tested how the burying beetle, Nicrophorus orbicollis, a species with complex parental care, responded to poor parenting. We cross-fostered young manipulated the duration of parental care received and measured the impact on traits of both F1 and F2 offspring to experimentally extricate the effect of poor parenting from other parental effects. As expected, reducing parental care negatively affected traits that are ecologically important for burying beetles, including F1 offspring development time and body size. However, F1 parents who received reduced care as larvae spent more time feeding F2 offspring than parents who received full care as larvae. As a result, both the number and mass of F2 offspring were unaffected by the developmental experience of their parents. Our results show that flexible parental care may be able to overcome poor developmental environments and limit negative parental effects to a single generation.

Figure 2 in Monitoring the feeding and parental care behavior of a pair of free-living owls (Tyto furcata) in the nest during the reproductive period in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Figure 2. The first egg of the couple of Tyto furcata. Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2024View details →

Walker et al - Prolactin and the shared regulation of parental care and cooperative helping behaviour in white-browed sparrow weaver societies - Data Set

This file provides the data set supporting the analyses presented in a Walker et al manuscript titled "Prolactin and the shared regulation of parental care and cooperative helping behaviour in white-browed sparrow weaver societies" at first submission for review.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Table 2: Mean and Standard Deviation of Responses by Field of Knowledge and Parenting Practices

Table 2 of 13 Table 2: Mean and Standard Deviation of Responses by Field of Knowledge and Parenting Practices

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Dataset for Modelling of infiltration rates in soils derived from contrasting parent materials using Horton's model

This dataset was initially generated as part of a broader project investigating infiltration and various soil properties in soils derived from three parent materials in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria: Alluvial Clay, Coastal Plain Sands, and Sandstone. Utin and Oguike (2018) initially utilized this data to evaluate Philip's and Kostiakov's models in these soils. Subsequently, the infiltration data were employed as secondary data to assess the performance of Horton's model in predicting infiltration rates for the three soil types.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2018View details →

Lifespan and fecundity data for: The evolutionary potential of diet-dependent effects on lifespan and fecundity in a multi-parental population of Drosophila melanogaster

This repository contains 3 original data files for a study of heritability in a half-sibling design of outbred multi-parent population of Drosophila melanogaster treated with 3 nutritional conditions.   1) lifespan_only.xlsx contains lifespan records. Columns: setDate, start date flipDate, observation date days, age fID, identity of line repl, replicate number treat, diet treatment (HS=high sugar, STD=standard, LY=low yeast) NstartF, starting number of females NstartM, starting number of males box, ccord, rcoord are position coordinates of a vial in a holding box deadF, number of female dead deadM, number of males dead cens, censored events carriedF, dead females that flip to a new food vial carriedM, dead males that flip to a new food vial flipper initials of observer time, time in which 108 vials were flipped.   2) feclife_with-image-ids.xlsx - lifespan observation vials are matched with a specific image of eggs collected at a specific day (once a week). Columns: cameraid, image id assigned by the camera handcounted, images counted by hand handcount, number of eggs on an image counted by hand training_set, images that were used to develop and test a prediction model drop_from_lifespan & visually_recheck, quality control.   3) egg_images.tgz - all original images. Each image represent fecundity from a single vial at a specific date (in feclife_with-image-ids.xlsx ). The images have been cropped to remove the excess area outside the egg disc. The area outside the circular disc has been converted to black to peripheral eliminate noise.

Datasets and codes for 'Heat stress effects on offspring compound across parental care'

This repository contains the datasets and code associated with the manuscript, 'Heat Stress Effects on Offspring Compound Across Parental Care.' For inquiries regarding this repository, please contact the corresponding author, Syuan-Jyun Sun (<a rel="noopener">sjs243@ntu.edu.tw</a>).

Resources for "BMF CP 98: Parents as motivations for children's waste reusing and recycling behaviors"

The current study is conducted to examine the following research questions: <ul> <li>How are the father’s interactions with children regarding waste recycling associated with the children’s recycling behaviors?</li> <li>How are the mother’s interactions with children regarding waste recycling associated with the children’s recycling behaviors?</li> </ul>

Resources for "BMF CP 99: Parents as motivations for children's energy conservation behaviors"

The current study is conducted to examine the following research questions: <ul> <li>How are the father’s interactions with children regarding energy saving associated with the children’s energy conservation behaviors?</li> <li>How are the mother’s interactions with children regarding energy saving associated with the children’s energy conservation behaviors?</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2024View details →

Dataset from: Parental mediation and the use of social networks: A systematic review

Translation of the previous file: aplicación_criterios_elegibilidad_sin_duplicados and modification of an error detected during the review process.

opencc-zeroMar 2020View details →

Power and punishment influence negotiations over parental care

Asymmetries in power, the ability to influence the outcome of conflict, are ubiquitous in social interactions because interacting individuals are rarely identical. It is well-documented that asymmetries in power influence the outcome of reproductive conflict in social groups. Yet power asymmetries have received little attention in the context of negotiations between caring parents, which is surprising given that parents are often markedly different in size. Here we built on an existing negotiation model to examine how power and punishment influence negotiations over care. We incorporated power asymmetry by allowing the more powerful parent, rank 1, to inflict punishment on the less powerful parent, rank 2. We then determined when punishment will be favored by selection and how it would affect the negotiated behavioral response of each parent. We found that with power and punishment, a reduction in one parent's effort results in partial compensation by the other parent. However, the degree of compensation is asymmetric: the rank 2 compensates more than the rank 1. As a result, the fitness of rank 1 increases and the fitness of rank 2 decreases, relative to the original negotiation model. Furthermore, because power and punishment enable one parent to extract greater effort from the other, offspring can do better, i.e. receive more total effort, when there is power and punishment involved in negotiations over care. These results reveal how power and punishment alter the outcome of conflict between parents and affect offspring, providing insights into the evolutionary consequences of exerting power in negotiations.

opencc-zeroMay 2020View details →

Data from: Environmental variation mediates the evolution of anticipatory parental effects

Theory maintains that when future environment is predictable, parents should adjust the phenotype of their offspring to match the anticipated environment. The plausibility of positive anticipatory parental effects is hotly debated and the experimental evidence for the evolution of such effects is currently lacking. We experimentally investigated the evolution of anticipatory maternal effects in a range of environments that differ drastically in how predictable they are. Populations of the nematode Caenorhabditis remanei, adapted to 20°C, were exposed to a novel temperature (25°C) for 30 generations with either positive or zero correlation between parent and offspring environment. We found that populations evolving in novel environments that were predictable across generations evolved a positive anticipatory maternal effect, since they required maternal exposure to 25°C to achieve maximum reproduction in that temperature. In contrast, populations evolving under zero environmental correlation had lost this anticipatory maternal effect. Similar but weaker patterns were found if instead rate-sensitive population growth was used as a fitness measure. These findings demonstrate that anticipatory parental effects evolve in response to environmental change so that ill-fitting parental effects can be rapidly lost. Evolution of positive anticipatory parental effects can aid population viability in rapidly changing but predictable environments.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Parental population range expansion before secondary contact promotes heterosis

Population genomic analysis of hybrid zones is instrumental to our understanding of the evolution of reproductive isolation. Many temperate hybrid zones are formed by the secondary contact between two parental populations that have undergone post-glacial range expansion. Here we show that explicitly accounting for historical parental isolation followed by range expansion prior to secondary contact is fundamental for explaining genetic and fitness patterns in these hybrid zones. Specifically, ancestral population expansion can result in allele surfing where neutral or slightly deleterious mutations drift to high frequency at the expansion front. If these surfed deleterious alleles are recessive, they can contribute to substantial heterosis in hybrids produced at secondary contact, counteracting negative effects of Bateson-Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibilities (BDMIs) hence weakening reproductive isolation. When BDMIs are linked to such recessive deleterious alleles the fitness benefit of introgression at these loci can facilitate introgression at the BDMIs. The extent to which this occurs depends on the strength of selection against the linked deleterious alleles and the distribution of recombination across the chromosome. Finally, surfing of neutral loci can alter the expected pattern of population ancestry, thus accounting for historical population expansion is necessary to develop accurate null genomic models of secondary-contact hybrid zones.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Negotiations Over Parental Care: A Test of Alternative Hypotheses in the Clown Anemonefish

In species with biparental care, conflict arises over how much each parent provides to their offspring because both parents benefit from shifting the burden of care to the other. Here, we tested alternative hypotheses for how parents will negotiate offspring care using a wild population of clownfish (Amphiprion percula). We experimentally handicapped parents by fin-clipping the female in 23 groups, the male in 23 groups, and neither parent in 23 groups and measured changes in indicators of female, male, and pair effort in response to handicapping. First, we found that handicapping resulted in a decrease in the number of eggs laid by fin-clipped females and a decrease in the amount of parental care by fin-clipped males. Second, contrary to predictions, female effort did not change in response to the male being handicapped, or vice versa. Finally, the number of embryos that matured to hatching, an indicator of pair effort, was not influenced by the manipulation, suggesting that although the handicap was effective, clownfish do not face the predicted "cost to conflict" when one parent is handicapped. Together, these results test the generality of theoretical predictions and uncover novel questions about whether and how negotiations operate in systems where interests are aligned.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Data for: Simultaneous GPS-tracking of parents reveals a similar parental investment within pairs, but no immediate co-adjustment on a trip-to-trip basis

This repository contains data for the paper: Kavelaars et al. 2021. Simultaneous GPS-tracking of parents reveals a similar parental investment within pairs, but no immediate co-adjustment on a trip-to-trip basis. Movement Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-021-00279-1

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Beneficial cumulative effects of old parental age on offspring fitness

Old parental age is commonly associated with negative effects on offspring life-history traits. Such parental senescence effects are predicted to have a cumulative detrimental effect over successive generations. However, old parents may benefit from producing higher quality offspring when these compete for seasonal resources. Thus, old parents may choose to increase investment in their offspring, thereby producing fewer but larger and more competitive progeny. We show that Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites increase parental investment with advancing age, resulting in fitter offspring who reach their reproductive peak earlier. Remarkably, these effects increased over six successive generations of breeding from old parents and were subsequently reversed following a single generation of breeding from a young parent. Our findings support the hypothesis that offspring of old parents receive more resources and convert them into increasingly faster life-histories. These results contradict the theory that old parents transfer a cumulative detrimental "ageing factor" to their offspring.