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240 results for “Plant reproduction”

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zenodo28/100

FIGURE 6 in Plant reproductive structures and other mesofossils from Coniacian/Santonian of Lower Silesia, Poland

FIGURE 6. Zlivifructus vachae (A) fruit, round in outline, no. K2903 (B) apical part of fruit, no. K2903 (C) detail of epidermis, no. K2903 (D) fruit, basal pats of stamens arrowed, no. K2905 (E) apical part of fruit, no. K2905 (F) detail of epidermis, no. K2905 (G) X-ray image, longitudinal/adaxial-abaxial section of fruit, no. K2905 (H) X-ray image, longitudinal/lateral section of fruit, no. K2905 (I) X-ray image, transversal section of fruit, no. K2905. Scale bar for all images 0.1 mm. All specimens from Rakowice Małe locality.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

dryad28/100

Data from: Within- and trans-generational effects of herbivores and detritivores on plant performance and reproduction

1. Mutualistic and antagonistic aboveground and belowground species have the potential to be involved in strong interactions that can either weaken or strengthen their individual impacts on plants. Their impacts can also have delayed effects on a plant's progeny by altering offspring traits and survival. Few studies have explored the effect of herbivore and detritivore interactions with parent plants on offspring vital life-cycle processes, such as seedling emergence rate, seedling establishment, and offspring survival. 2. In the field, I experimentally studied the combined effects of floral herbivores, root herbivores, and detritivores on plant growth and reproduction of Moricandia moricandioides (Brassicaceae). In particular, I analysed the trans-generational effects of herbivores and detritivores on seed and juvenile production as well as on vital life-cycle processes (i.e. seedling emergence rates, survival). 3. Floral herbivores strongly reduced the number of flowers, fruits, seeds, and juveniles. Detritivores had an impact on plant success by increasing seed quality (% N and N:C ratio), although the effect was altered by the presence of floral and root herbivores. 4. I found maternal effects (trans-generational effects) of floral herbivores, root herbivores, and detritivores. Floral herbivores reduced seedling emergence and establishment. Floral and root herbivores in combination reduced seedling emergence timing, but the effect was counteracted by detritivores. Detritivores also reduced the negative effect of floral herbivores on offspring mortality rate. 5. This study shows that the impact of aboveground and belowground organisms on M. moricandioides plants go beyond seed production and were evident in the probability of establishment and survival of the following generation. Trans-generational effects were induced by all three groups of interacting organisms and the net consequences for plant offspring depended on the organisms interacting with the plant.

opencc-zeroDec 2014View details →

dryad28/100

Complexity character scores for fossil and extant vascular plant reproductive structures

<p>Morphological diversity and complexity are notable features of multicellular life, although whether they evolve gradually or in early bursts is unclear. Vascular plant reproductive structures, such as flowers, are familiar examples of complicated morphology, and here we analyze changes in complexity over time using a simple approach based on the number of part types. We find that reproductive complexity increased in two pulses separated by nearly 250 million years of stasis, including an initial Devonian rise with the radiation of vascular plants and a dramatic Late Cretaceous increase reflecting flowering plant diversification. These pulses are associated with innovations that increased functional diversity, suggesting that shifts in complexity are linked to changes in function, regardless of whether they occur early or late in the history of vascular plants.</p>

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

dryad28/100

How environmental stressors affect reproductive potential in a saltmarsh plant species Plantago maritima

We examined whether the presence or absence of different environmental stressors influenced the reproductive potential of a saltmarsh species – Plantago maritima. We focused on total seed output, seed quality and biomass of progeny. So far, there are no studies trying to answer the question of how different saltmarsh management affects the quality of seed in saltmarsh species. For the purposes of the study, plots subjected to light mowing, light or heavy grazing, trampling or rooting were designated in three nature reserves in Poland. On each plot, the abundance of infructescences per sq. metre was calculated. Mature infructascences were collected and their length and no of fruit capsules were measured. The seeds obtained from fruit capsules were weighted and sown in controlled conditions. The germination rate and the final germination percentage were calculated. A representative number of sprouts were grown. After a period of two months, the specimens were harvested and their total dry mass was measured. It was found that heavy grazing had the greatest effect on all of the studied characteristics. The presence of this factor resulted in shorter infructescences with a smaller number of fruit capsules. However, this phenomenon was compensated by the higher abundance of infructescences per sq. metre. At the same time seeds produced by grazed specimens were significantly lighter. Interestingly, intensive trampling by people affected Plantago maritima specimens in a similar way to heavy grazing, while mowing and rooting had less impact on the considered characteristics. Although a positive correlation between seed mass and germination success was found, the altogether lower seed mass had a negligible effect on germination parameters. Also, the differences in seed parameters did not affect dry mass of obtained progeny grown in lab conditions.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

dryad28/100