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1,606 results for “Prairie”
Fig. 1 in Evaluating the use of a low dose fipronil bait in reducing black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) fleas at reduced application rates
Fig. 1. Flea prevalence (0.0–1.0) during pre-treatment and post-treatment for (A) captured black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus); and (B) active burrows. Vertical bars indicate the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
Fig. 2 in Plague transforms positive effects of precipitation on prairie dogs to negative effects
Fig. 2. Relationship between visual count changes in prairie dogs (Cynomys spp.) and annual precipitation (cm) on plots without plague management and with plague management by treating burrows with deltamethrin dust for flea control. Population change (λ) was indexed by visual counts conducted in mid-summer of adults plus juveniles, and annual precipitation was cumulative during the 12-month period prior to the typical date of the second count (interval of 1 July-30 June). Visual counts are presented as treated in the analysis (re-scaled λ, natural log transformed), although the repeated measures analysis retained the pairings of treatments that cannot be illustrated here. Points above the dashed line indicate population increases; points below the dashed line indicate population declines with points on the zero-line indicating population collapse to 0 animals.
Fig. 1 in Plague transforms positive effects of precipitation on prairie dogs to negative effects
Fig. 1. Study sites in the western United States where the influence of precipitation on prairie dog population change was evaluated on paired plots with and without deltamethrin treatment to control the flea vectors of plague. Prairie dog sketch by D. Crawford.
Fig. 1 in Estimating parasite infrapopulation size given imperfect detection: Proof-of-concept with ectoparasitic fleas on prairie dogs
Fig. 1. Left: Frequency histogram of raw (field) flea count indices from prairie dogs. Middle and right: Huggins closed captures model estimates for fleas combed from prairie dogs, including a histogram of estimated flea counts (infrapopulation size = ̂N) and a positive correlation between Julian date and individual flea detection probability (here, p from the first combing occasion within primary trapping occasions). In the histograms, counts of 0 fleas (gray bars) are presented for illustration; those data were not analyzed herein, because the Huggins closed captures models 'condition' on primary occasions with at least 1 flea being detected (black bars). Model output is from the top model in Table 1. On the right, dotted lines are 95% confidence intervals.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Living Prairie Museum Manitoba Herbarium (LPMMBH).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Living Prairie Museum Manitoba Herbarium (LPMMBH)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c425d6ff-a277-4faa-a982-380af9aeee18">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c425d6ff-a277-4faa-a982-380af9aeee18</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c425d6ff-a277-4faa-a982-380af9aeee18">https://gbif.org/dataset/c425d6ff-a277-4faa-a982-380af9aeee18</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae, Bombini) from the Prairies Ecozone in Canada.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae, Bombini) from the Prairies Ecozone in Canada". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/b065a152-9f83-4944-9ea0-545ac0703c35">https://bionomia.net/dataset/b065a152-9f83-4944-9ea0-545ac0703c35</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/b065a152-9f83-4944-9ea0-545ac0703c35">https://gbif.org/dataset/b065a152-9f83-4944-9ea0-545ac0703c35</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: First records of the Common Eastern Bumble Bee, Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae, Bombini) from the Prairies Ecozone in Canada.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "First records of the Common Eastern Bumble Bee, Bombus impatiens Cresson (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Apinae, Bombini) from the Prairies Ecozone in Canada". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/0f127474-67c6-4e4f-8bd6-74de0963e53b">https://bionomia.net/dataset/0f127474-67c6-4e4f-8bd6-74de0963e53b</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/0f127474-67c6-4e4f-8bd6-74de0963e53b">https://gbif.org/dataset/0f127474-67c6-4e4f-8bd6-74de0963e53b</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Data from: Genetic and functional variation across regional and local scales is associated with climate in a foundational prairie grass
<ul> <li>Global change forecasts in ecosystems require knowledge of within species diversity, particularly of dominant species within communities. We assessed site-level diversity and capacity for adaptation of the dominant species of the shortgrass steppe biome of the Central US, Bouteloua gracilis.</li> <li>We quantified genetic diversity from 17 sites across regional scales, north-south from New Mexico to South Dakota, and local scales in Northern Colorado. We also quantified phenotype and plasticity within and among sites and determined the extent to which phenotypic diversity in B. gracilis was related to climate.</li> <li>Genome sequencing indicated pronounced population structure at the regional scale, and local differences indicated gene flow and/or dispersal may also be limited. Within a common environment, we found evidence for genetic divergence in biomass-related phenotypes, plasticity, and phenotypic variance, indicating functional divergence and different adaptive potential. Phenotypes differentiated according to climate, chiefly median Palmer Hydrological Drought Index and other aridity metrics.</li> <li>Our results indicate conclusive differences in genetic variation, phenotype, and plasticity in this species and suggest a mechanism explaining variation in shortgrass steppe community responses to global change. This analysis of B. gracilis intraspecific diversity across spatial scales will improve conservation and management of the shortgrass steppe ecosystem moving forward.</li> </ul>
Medial amygdala ERα expression influences monogamous behavior of male prairie voles in the field
<p>Formation of long-term pair-bonds is a complex process, involving multiple neural circuits, and is context- and experience-dependent. While laboratory studies using prairie voles have identified the involvement of several neural mechanisms, efforts to translate these findings into predictable field outcomes have been ambiguous at best. Here we test the hypothesis that inhibition of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the medial amygdala of male prairie voles would significantly increase the expression of social monogamy in the field. Prairie vole populations of equal sex ratio were established in outdoor enclosures with males bred to overexpress ERα and display reduced prosocial behavior. Medial amygdala ERα expression was knocked down in half the males per population. Knockdown-males displayed a greater degree of social monogamy in five of the eight indices assessed. This study demonstrates the robust nature of ERα in playing a critical role in the expression of male social monogamy in a field setting.</p>
Differences in bee community composition between restored and remnant prairies are more strongly linked to forb community differences than landscape differences
<p>1. Grassland restoration is an important tool for conserving bee biodiversity within agricultural landscapes. Restorations foster increases in local bee abundance and α-diversity, however, these measures are insufficient for understanding if remnant communities are being conserved. We compared native bee α-diversity, β-diversity, and community composition between restored and remnant prairies in Minnesota, USA. We then investigated two potential drivers of bee community dissimilarity between restored and remnant prairies: proportion of agricultural land surrounding a restoration and differences in floral community between restored and remnant prairies.</p> <p>2. We selected ten restored prairies that lie along a gradient of increasing agricultural land cover, ranging from 20–85% of surrounding land in agricultural production. We paired each restoration with a nearby prairie remnant and sampled bee and floral communities concurrently in each restoration-remnant pair. We quantified bee and forb α-diversity, community composition, β-diversity, and levels of dissimilarity between restoration-remnant pairs along the gradient of agricultural development. Additionally, we quantified differences in the community weighted mean between restored and remnant prairies for two bee traits, oligolecty and tongue length, to investigate how differences in floral community between restored and remnant prairies may influence bee community composition.</p> <p>3. While bee α-diversity between restored and remnant prairies was similar, bee composition between restorations and remnants were significantly different with restorations being more homogenous than remnants. Differences in bee community composition and β-diversity were not statisticlly related to agricultural landscapes or floral community dissimilarity, however, we found a significantly higher proportion of oligolectic bees in remnant prairies. This difference in oligolectic bees was likely related to the absence of important host plants in restorations<i>.</i></p> <p>4. <i>'Synthesis and application'</i>: Prairie restorations should seek to provide diverse floral resources that are of similar composition to remnant prairies. Specifically, providing important floral host plants for pollen specialist bees could improve restorations' ability to conserve prairie remnant bee communities.</p>
Montana Prairie Fish Collection, Montana State University
<p>Freshwater ecosystems may be the most endangered ecosystems globally, and the prairie biome is arguably the most endangered ecoregion in North America. Until recently there was a deficit in the knowledge of fish distributions in streams in eastern Montana. Beginning in the late 1990’s Dr. Robert G. Bramblett of the Department of Ecology at Montana State University (MSU) together with graduate students, and colleagues from the university and several agencies began studying the fishes of Montana prairie streams. These studies produced a large number of preserved fish voucher specimens which now comprise the Montana Prairie Fish Collection. The value and significance of the Montana Prairie Fish Collection is exceptional because most specimens came from never-before-sampled streams in a very scarcely collected area. In 2018, the MSU Library, the MSU Department of Ecology, the Montana Entomology Collection, and the Montana State Library were funded by the Council on Library and Information Resources “Hidden Collections” grant to produce digital metadata records for the Montana Prairie Fish Collection. The collection and its associated data comprise specimens that were collected during 1999-2018 from over 850 fish sampling events from about 360 streams in eastern Montana. At least 70 individual scientists, students, and Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks staff collected fish. The collection totals over 17,000 individual fish specimens representing 57 fish taxa and represents a remarkable 900% increase in Montana prairie ecoregion fish collections available online. Digitization of the collection will encourage scientists and others to ask many new research questions such as how species, biological distributions, and ecosystems have changed.</p>
Data for: Higher floral richness promotes rarer bee communities across remnant and reconstructed tallgrass prairies, though remnants contain higher abundances of a threatened bumble bee (Bombus Latreille)
<p>Managing and restoring tallgrass prairie ecosystem is an important form of pollinator conservation in the Midwestern United States. Prairie reconstruction has been found to enhance native bee diversity and abundance, but it is less clear if prairie reconstruction conserves species thought to be at-risk. We reanalyze a previously published dataset on the bee communities of reconstructed and remnant prairie in the US state of Minnesota to investigate how the abundance of at-risk species respond to local factors, such as floral diversity and prairie type (reconstructed or remnant), and landscape factors, in the form of surrounding agricultural production. We defined at-risk species in two ways. For bumble bees, we used the IUCN red list of bumble bees for North America. As other species in the bee community have not been systematically evaluated, we used an independent data set to calculate a community-level measure of rarity as a proxy for at-risk species. We calculated community rarity metrics using a Species Weighted Mean (SWM) approach, with species-level rarity (relative abundance and site occurrence) derived from a regional dataset comprised of over 30,000 specimens from across the US state of Minnesota. We found that the declining bumble bee <em>Bombus</em> <em>fervidus</em> had higher abundances in remnant rather than reconstructed prairies. Floral richness was associated with rarer bee communities (lower SWM values) across remnant and reconstructed prairies. We show that planting and managing prairies for floral diversity promotes bee communities with rarer species, but that remnants better support some at-risk species such as <em>Bombus</em> <em>fervidus</em>. </p>
Where should they come from? Where should they go? Several measures of seed source locality fail to predict plant establishment in early prairie restorations
<ol> <li>During the "decade on restoration," we must understand how to reliably re-establish native plant populations. When establishing populations through seed addition, practitioners prioritize obtaining seed from locations geographically near the restoration site (i.e., "local seed sourcing"). They are assumed to be under similar environmental conditions to the restoration site and should establish more robust plant populations and preserve local biotic interactions than seeds sourced from further away. However, this assumption remains virtually untested in realistic restoration settings and the importance of seed sourcing, relative to other factors such as seeding rate and management regimes, is unclear.</li> <li>To determine if seed source impacts plant establishment, abundance, and phenology, we developed a partnership between university researchers and a native seed producer that kept records on where their seed was sourced from and where it was planted. At each site, we recorded the abundance and phenological stage of five commonly used tallgrass prairie restoration species seeded at 24 sites undergoing restoration across Michigan. We considered two measures of seed source locality: geographic distance (seeds were sourced from locations 6–750km away from their respective restoration sites) and climate distance. We also obtained data on the seeding rate and post-seeding management efforts at each site.</li> <li>We found that no measure of seed source locality predicted the likelihood of plant establishment or abundance at restoration sites. However, sites sown with seed from further away, or from cooler and wetter climates, had a greater proportion of flowering individuals earlier in the season. Finally, sites with higher seeding rates had greater plant abundance, and post-seeding management of the restoration site increased the likelihood a species would establish by 36%.</li> <li>Overall, these results suggest that seed sourcing did not impact plant establishment or abundance in our system. However, using fewer local seed sources can alter flowering phenology.</li> <li>Our results suggest that tallgrass prairie restoration efforts should prioritize higher seeding rates, post-seeding management, and might expand the region seed sources are considered "local", though this could impact flowering phenology. Future research leveraging native seed producer records can help answer critical questions about restoration seed sourcing.</li> </ol>
The Prairie State: Using Ecological Niche Modeling to Predict Distributions of Early Land Plants
<p>This data includes raw data of over 12,000 occurrences were downloaded from the<strong> Consortium of Bryophyte Herbaria (<a href="http://www.bryophyteportal.org/portal">www.bryophyteportal.org/portal</a>), </strong>that were listed to be in Illinois and included longitude and latitude data. This data set was screened and cleaned to investigate species distribution models as well as generate models of selected bryophytes investigating future changes in distribution across climate change scenarios.</p>
Fig. 3 in Les papillons de jour des prairies et pâturages secs de Lavaux J P , M B , V F ,
Fig. 3. Résultats des analyses d'habitats. A: Pourcentage de variance expliquée par chacune des variables explorées, par ordre décroissant. B: Effet des traits variables expliquant le plus de variance sur la richesse spécifique observée.
Fig. 2 in Les papillons de jour des prairies et pâturages secs de Lavaux J P , M B , V F ,
Fig. 2. Lavaux est caractérisé par des transitions paysagères allant du lac en passant par le vignoble et ses villages, l'autoroute et la ligne CFF vers les herbages, ainsi que les forêts thermophiles (A). Les herbages sont situés entre 600 et 920 m d'altitude et se composent de prairies de fauche et de pÂturages (C) plus ou moins embroussaillés (B à D). La figure E illustre l'ensoleillement total sur Lavaux (en W / m2), les surfaces rouges étant les plus ensoleillées, les bleues les plus ombragées. Les PPS étudiés sont indiqués par des polygones rouges (E). Trois des PPS étudiés sont situés plus à l'ouest, hors du plan.
Fig. 1 in Les papillons de jour des prairies et pâturages secs de Lavaux J P , M B , V F ,
Fig. 1. Le logo du groupe de travail reflète les éléments paysagers majeurs de Lavaux: le bleu du Léman et le vert-orange automnal du vignoble. L'exposition des coteaux de Lavaux est propice à la culture de la vigne, mais le paysage de Lavaux abrite également quel- ques-uns des rares prairies et pÂturages secs (PPS) du Plateau vaudois.
Shortgrass prairie (Colorado, USA) and northern mixedgrass prairie (Wyoming, USA) species traits
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Relative effects of seed mix design, consumer pressure, and edge proximity on community structure in restored prairies
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Climate and habitat type interact to influence contemporary dispersal potential in Prairie Smoke (Geum triflorum)
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