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Figs. 6–10. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 6 in Description of the Third Instar ofPelidnota fulvaBlanchard, 1850 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae)

Figs. 6–10. Pelidnota fulva, third instar. 6) Left maxilla, a) dorsal view, b) ventral view; 7) Right maxilla, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view; 8) Hypopharynx; 9) Antenna, dorsal view; 10) Prothoracic spiracle. Scale = 1 mm.

Figs. 23–29. Aulocopalpus punctatus, third instar. 23 in Description of the Larvae ofHylamorpha elegans(Burmeister, 1844) andAulacopalpus punctatus(Fairmaire and Germain, 1860) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Figs. 23–29. Aulocopalpus punctatus, third instar. 23) Labium, dorsal view; 24) Hypopharynx; 25) Thoracic spiracle; 26) Respiratory plate; 27) Holes of respiratory plate; 28) Tarsungulus of a) prothoracic leg, b) mesothoracic, c) metathoracic leg; 29) Last abdominal segment, ventral view of raster. Scale bar in mm.

Figs. 15–22. Aulocopalpus punctatus, third instar. 15 in Description of the Larvae ofHylamorpha elegans(Burmeister, 1844) andAulacopalpus punctatus(Fairmaire and Germain, 1860) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Figs. 15–22. Aulocopalpus punctatus, third instar. 15) Head, frontal view; 16) Distal antennomere, a) ventral view, b) dorsal view, and c) lateral view; 17) Epipharynx; 18) Mandibles, ventral view, a) left and b) right; 19) Mandibles, dorsal view, a) right and b) left; 20) Maxilla, a) dorsal view and b) ventral view; 21) Apex of mala showing unci; 22) Maxillary stridulatory area. Scale bar in mm.

Figs. 9–14. Hylamorpha elegans, third instar. 9 in Description of the Larvae ofHylamorpha elegans(Burmeister, 1844) andAulacopalpus punctatus(Fairmaire and Germain, 1860) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Figs. 9–14. Hylamorpha elegans, third instar. 9) Labium, dorsal view; 10) Hypopharynx; 11) Thoracic spiracle; 12) Respiratory plate; 13) Tarsungulus of a) prothoracic leg, b) mesothoracic leg, and c) metathoracic leg; 14) Last abdominal segment, ventral view of raster. Scale bar in mm.

Figs. 1–8. Hylamorpha elegans, third instar. 1 in Description of the Larvae ofHylamorpha elegans(Burmeister, 1844) andAulacopalpus punctatus(Fairmaire and Germain, 1860) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Figs. 1–8. Hylamorpha elegans, third instar. 1) Head, frontal view; 2) Distal antennomere, lateral view; 3) Epipharynx; 4) Mandibles, ventral view, a) left and b) right; 5) Mandibles, dorsal view, a) right and b) left); 6) Maxilla, a) dorsal view and b) ventral view; 7) Apex of mala showing unci; 8) Maxillary stridulatory area. Scale bar in mm.

Figs. 1–8. Anomala species holotypes, habitus. 1 in Descriptions of New Species ofAnomalaSamouelle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Costa Rica

Figs. 1–8. Anomala species holotypes, habitus. 1) A. coffea; 2) A. cyclops; 3) A. divisa; 4) A. mersa; 5) A. mesosticta;

Figs. 17–24 in Descriptions of New Species ofAnomalaSamouelle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Costa Rica

Figs. 17–24. Anomala species, aedeagi, lateral view (top), dorsal view (bottom left), ventral view (bottom right). 17) A. coffea (paratype, Estación Pitilla, Costa Rica); 18) A. cyclops (holotype); 19) A. divisa (holotype); 20) A. mersa (holotype); 21) A. mesosticta (holotype); 22) A. robiginosa (paratype, Zarcero, Costa Rica); 23) A. strigodermoides (holotype); 24) A. unilineata (paratype, Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figs. 9–16. Anomala species, protibiae. 9 in Descriptions of New Species ofAnomalaSamouelle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Costa Rica

Figs. 9–16. Anomala species, protibiae. 9) A. coffea (male: holotype; female: paratype, Estación Pitilla, Costa Rica); 10) A. cyclops (male: holotype; female: paratype, Los Almendros, Costa Rica); 11) A. divisa (male: holotype; female: paratype, Estación Biológica Las Alturas, Costa Rica); 12) A. mersa (male: paratype, Sector Palo Verde, Costa Rica); 13) A. mesosticta (male: holotype; female: paratype, Rio Sardinas, Costa Rica); 14) A. robiginosa (male: holotype; female: paratype, Santa Rosa National Park, Costa Rica); 15) A. strigodermoides (male: holotype; female: paratype, Catarata río Buenavista, Alajuela); 16) A. unilineata (holotype). Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figs. 34–36. Anomala species, distribution maps. 34 in Descriptions of New Species ofAnomalaSamouelle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Costa Rica

Figs. 34–36. Anomala species, distribution maps. 34) Distribution of A. coffea, A. mersa, and A. robiginosa;

Figs. 25–33 in Descriptions of New Species ofAnomalaSamouelle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae) from Costa Rica

Figs. 25–33. Anomala species, genitalia. Endophalli: 25) A. coffea (paratype, Estación Pitilla, Costa Rica); 26) A. cyclops (paratype, Finca Jenny, Costa Rica); 27) A. divisa (holotype); 28) A. mersa (paratype, Sector Palo Verde, Costa Rica); 29) A. mesosticta (holotype); 30) A. robiginosa (holotype); 31) A. strigodermoides (holotype); 32) A. unilineata (holotype). Aedeagus: 33) A. sticticoptera (lateral view, Cuyotenango, Guatemala, MNHUB). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in Egg Morphology of Twelve Species of Melolonthinae and Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Fig. 2. Chorion microsculpture of melolonthine eggs at 1.43KX magnification. A) Holotrichia consanguinea, B) Holotrichia longipennis, C) Holotrichia rufoflava, D) Holotrichia nagpurensis, E) Lepidiota mansueta, F) Brahmina coriacea.

Fig. 1 in Egg Morphology of Twelve Species of Melolonthinae and Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Fig. 1. Eggs of Melolonthinae (A–H) and Rutelinae (I–L). A) Holotrichia consanguinea, B) Holotrichia longipennis, C) Holotrichia rufoflava, D) Holotrichia nagpurensis, E) Lepidiota mansueta, F) Brahmina coriacea, G) Maladera insanabilis, H) Schizonycha ruficollis, I) Anomala bengalensis, J) Anomala dimidiata, K) Anomala lineatopennis, L) Adoretus flavus. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Egg Morphology of Twelve Species of Melolonthinae and Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Fig. 3 continued. Chorion microsculpture of melolonthine (G–H) and ruteline (I–L) eggs at 3.73KX magnification. G) Maladera insanabilis, H) Schizonycha ruficollis, I) Anomala bengalensis, J) Anomala dimidiata, K) Anomala lineatopennis, L) Adoretus flavus.

Fig. 2 in Egg Morphology of Twelve Species of Melolonthinae and Rutelinae (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Fig. 2 continued. Chorion microsculpture of melolonthine (G–H) and ruteline (I–L) eggs at 1.43KX magnification. G) Maladera insanabilis, H) Schizonycha ruficollis, I) Anomala bengalensis, J) Anomala dimidiata, K) Anomala lineatopennis, L) Adoretus flavus.

Figs. 10–19. Platycoelia lutescens third instar larva. 10 in Larval Descriptions For The Neotropical Genus Platycoelia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Figs. 10–19. Platycoelia lutescens third instar larva. 10) Habitus; 11) frontal view of head; 12) epipharynx; 13) labium and hypopharynx; 14) dorsal view of maxilla; 15) ventral view of a) right mandible and b) left mandible; 16) dorsal view of a) left mandible and b) right mandible; 17) dorsal view of antenna; 18) thoracic spiracle; 19) tarsungulus of posterior leg.

Figs. 12–20 in Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Figs. 12–20. Parameres in caudal view. 12) Aulacopalpus aconcaguensis; 13) Aulacopalpus ciliatus; 14) Aulacopalpus clypealis; 15) Aulacopalpus pilicollis; 16) Aulacopalpus castaneus; 17) Aulacopalpus punctatus; 18) Aulacopalpus viridis; 19) Aulacopalpus pygidialis, 20) Aulacopalpus valdiviensis.

Figs. 6–11. 6 in Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Figs. 6–11. 6) Protarsomere 5 and claw of male Aulacopalpus pilicollis, 7) Protarsomere 5 and claw of male Aulacopalpus pygidialis. 8) Protarsomere 5 and claw of female Aulacopalpus ciliatus. 9) Dorsal view of modified proclaw of male Aulacopalpus ciliatus. 10) Dorsal view of modified proclaw of male Aulacopalpus castaneus. 11) Lateral view of Aulacopalpus valdiviensis parameres and phallobase.

Fig. 2 in Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Fig. 2. Strict consensus tree of the Brachysternina based on eight equally parsimonious trees with bootstrap support values for the clades. Unambiguous character state changes are indicated on branches.

Fig. 1 in Revision Of The Southern South American Endemic Genus Aulacopalpus Guérin-Méneville With Phylogenetic And Biogeographic Analyses Of The Subtribe Brachysternina (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Fig. 1. The Brachysternina. First row: Aulacopalpus aconcaguensis (male paratype), A. aconcaguensis (male paratype), A. castaneus (male), A. castaneus (male), A. castaneus (male), A. punctatus (male). Second row: A. ciliatus (male), A. clypealis (male),

Figs. 1–9. Platycoelia gaujoni third instar larva. 1 in Larval Descriptions For The Neotropical Genus Platycoelia (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Anoplognathini)

Figs. 1–9. Platycoelia gaujoni third instar larva. 1) Habitus; 2) frontal view of head; 3) epipharynx; 4) labium and hypopharynx; 5) dorsal view of maxilla; 6) ventral view of a) right mandible and b) left mandible; 7) dorsal view of a) left mandible and b) right mandible; 8) thoracic spiracle; 9) tarsungulus of posterior leg.