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Replication package: Dataset and stata-do-file for analysis in "Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities"
<p>This dataset was used for the analysis in "Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities". The data was collected in Namibia in 2017 as part of the SASSCAL research project by Nils Christian Hoenow and Adrian Pourviseh as members of the Chair for Development and Cooperative Economics at the University of Marburg. Funded by the Southern African Science Service Center for Climate Change and Adaptive Land-UseManagement (SASSCAL) through the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (Grant No. 01LG1201B).</p> <p> </p> <p>Article Title: Intragroup communication in social dilemmas: An artefactual public good field experiment in small-scale communities </p> <p>Authors: Nils Christian Hoenow* and Adrian Pourviseh**</p> <p> </p> <p>*RWI – Leibniz Institute for Economic Research, Essen, Germany and & School of Business and Economics, University of<br>Marburg, Marburg, Germany</p> <p>**School of Business and Economics, University of<br>Marburg, Marburg, Germany</p> <p>Abstract: <br>Communication is well-known to increase cooperation rates in social dilemma situations, but the exact mechanisms behind this remain largely unclear. This study examines the impact of communication on public good provisioning in an artefactual field experiment conducted with 216 villagers from small, rural communities in northern Namibia. In line with previous experimental findings, we observe a strong increase in cooperation when face-to-face communication is allowed before decision-making. We additionally introduce a condition in which participants cannot discuss the dilemma but talk to their group members about an unrelated topic prior to learning about the<br>public good game. It turns out that this condition already leads to higher cooperation rates, albeit not as high as in the condition in which discussions about the social dilemma are possible. The setting in small communities also allows investigating the effects of pre-existing social relationships between group members and their interaction with communication.We find that both types of communication are primarily effective among socially more distant group members, which suggests that communication and social ties work as substitutes in increasing cooperation. Further analyses rule out better comprehension of the game and increased mutual expectations of one’s group members’ contributions as drivers for the communication effect. Finally, we discuss the role of personal and injunctive norms to keep commitments made during discussions.</p>
Data for: The rediscovery of the putative ant social parasite Manica parasitica syn. nov. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) reveals an unexpected endoparasite syndrome
<p>Parasitism is ubiquitous across the tree of life, comprising approximately half of all animal species. Social insect colonies attract many pathogens, endo- and ectoparasites, and are exploited by social parasites, which usurp the social environment of their hosts for survival and reproduction. Exploitation by parasites and pathogens versus social parasites may cause similar behavioral and morphological modifications. Ants possess two overlapping syndromes: the social parasite and endoparasite syndromes. Upon rediscovering two populations of the putative social parasite <em>Manica parasitica</em> in the Sierra Nevadas, we test the hypothesis that <em>M. parasitica</em> is an independently evolving social parasite species relative to its host <em>M. bradleyi</em>. We evaluate traits used to discriminate <em>M. parasitica</em> from <em>M. bradleyi</em>, and examine the morphology and behavior of <em>M. parasitica</em> in the context of ant parasitic syndromes. We find that <em>M. parasitica</em> is not a social parasite species. Instead, <em>M. parasitica </em>individuals represents cestode-infected <em>M. bradleyi </em>workers. We propose that <em>Manica parasitica</em> should be regarded as a junior synonym of <em>Manica bradleyi</em>. Our results emphasize that an integrative approach is essential for unraveling the complex life histories of social insects and their symbionts.</p>
BIObec's social media analytics
<p>In this folder can be found all the LinkedIn and X (formerly Twitter) analytics from the BIObec project's accounts, since beginning of the project. </p>
Predators of Japanese myriapods — survey using literature, social media, Web, and mobile application —
<p>I provide a database reviewing information on predators of Japanese myriapods. The information within this database was compiled from published accounts in Japan along with visual media accumulated on the Internet.</p>
Food and social cues modulate reproductive development but not migratory behavior in a nomadic songbird, the Pine Siskin (Pinus spinus)
<p>Many animals rely on photoperiodic and non-photoperiodic environmental cues to gather information and appropriately time life history stages across the annual cycle, such as reproduction, molt, and migration. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that the reproductive physiology, but not migratory behavior, of captive Pine Siskins responds to both food and social cues during the spring migratory-breeding period. Pine Siskins are a nomadic finch with a highly flexible breeding schedule and, in the spring, free-living Pine Siskins can wander large geographic areas and opportunistically breed. To understand the importance of non-photoperiodic cues to the migratory-breeding transition, we maintained individually housed birds on either a standard or enriched diet in the presence of group-housed heterospecifics or conspecifics experiencing either the standard or enriched diet type. We measured body condition and reproductive development of all Pine Siskins and, among individually housed Pine Siskins, quantified nocturnal migratory restlessness. In group-housed birds, the enriched diet caused increases in body condition and, among females, promoted reproductive development. Among individually housed birds, female reproductive development differed between treatment groups whereas male reproductive development did not. Specifically, individually housed females showed greater reproductive development when presented with conspecifics compared to heterospecifics. The highest rate of female reproductive development, however, was observed amongst individually housed females provided the enriched diet and maintained with group-housed conspecifics on an enriched diet. Changes in nocturnal migratory restlessness did not vary by treatment group or sex. By manipulating both the physical and social environment, this study demonstrates how multiple environmental cues can affect the timing of transitions between life history stages with differential responses between sexes and between migratory and reproductive systems.</p>
Data used for "Assessing spatiotemporal change in coral reef social-ecological systems"
<p>Coral reef data used for Eason, T. and Garmestani, A. S., Assessing spatiotemporal change in coral reef ecosystems. Under Review (Ecology and Society)</p> <p>The raw data was gathered from a coral bleaching study performed by Sully et al (2019). In our current study, we used data spanning from 2003-2016. We amalgamated station names and associated data when the station locations (latitude and longitude) remained essentially the same, but were named slightly different from year to year. </p> <p>Reference: Sully S, Burkepile DE, Donovan MK, Hodgson G, van Woesik R. A global analysis of coral bleaching over the past two decades. Nat Commun. 2019;10(1):1264</p>
A lack of open data standards for large infrastructure projects hampers social-ecological research in the Brazilian Amazon
<p>List of papers used in literature review for "A lack of open data standards for large infrastructure projects hampers social-ecological research in the Brazilian Amazon"</p>
Evaluation Data of a Trust-Aware Decentralized Social Network
<p>This dataset includes the evaluation data for the Paper "Trusting Decentralized Web Data in a Solid-based Social Network".<br>Within the ZIP File the following files are included in the dataset:</p> <ul> <li><strong>calculations.csv:</strong> All calculated numbers based on the raw data of the conducted empircal user study.</li> <li><strong>questions_translation.csv:</strong> A translation of all German questions asked in the survey to English, including a mapping of the question codes to the questions.</li> <li><strong>raw_data.csv:</strong> The raw data exported from the used survey tool of the conducted empircal user study.</li> <li><strong>survey.pdf:</strong> The survey as PDF print. IFrames of TrADS used during the survey are hidden in the PDF.</li> </ul>
Evolution of conditional cooperation in collective-risk social dilemma with repeated group interactions
<p>The question of how cooperation evolves and is sustained over time has been a long-standing and unresolved issue in the fields of evolutionary biology and social sciences. Previous theoretical and experimental research based on the collective-risk social dilemma game has revealed the risk that the failure of collective goals will affect the evolution of cooperation. Considering that in the real world individuals usually adjust their decisions based on environmental factors such as risk intensity and cooperation level, it is still not well understood how such conditional behaviors affect the evolution of cooperation in repeated group interactions scenario from a theoretical perspective. Here, we construct an evolutionary game model with repeated interactions, in which defectors decide whether to cooperate in subsequent rounds of the game based on whether the risk exceeds their tolerance threshold and whether the number of cooperators exceeds the collective goal in the early rounds of the game. We find that the introduction of conditional cooperation strategy can effectively promote the emergence of cooperation, especially when the risk is low. In addition, the risk threshold significantly affects the evolutionary outcomes. Furthermore, our results confirm that a high risk can promote the emergence of cooperation. Importantly, when the risk exceeds the tolerance threshold, timely adjustment of strategies by conditional cooperators is beneficial for maintaining high-level cooperation.</p>
Data from: Social complexity affects cognitive abilities but not brain structure in a Poecilid fish
<p>Some cognitive abilities are suggested to be the result of a complex social life, allowing individuals to achieve higher fitness through advanced strategies. However, most evidence is correlative. Here, we provide an experimental investigation of how group size and composition affect brain and cognitive development in the guppy (<em>Poecilia reticulata</em>). For six months, we reared sexually mature females in one of three social treatments: a small conspecific group of three guppies, a large heterospecific group of three guppies and three splash tetras (<em>Copella arnoldi</em>) – a species that co-occurs with the guppy in the wild, and a large conspecific group of six guppies. We then tested the guppies' performance in self-control (inhibitory control), operant conditioning (associative learning), and cognitive flexibility (reversal learning) tasks. Using X-ray imaging, we measured their brain size and major brain regions. Larger groups of six individuals, both conspecific and heterospecific groups, showed better cognitive flexibility than smaller groups, but no difference in self-control and operant conditioning tests. Interestingly, while social manipulation had no significant effect on brain morphology, relatively larger telencephalons were associated with better cognitive flexibility. This suggests alternative mechanisms beyond brain region size enabled greater cognitive flexibility in individuals from larger groups. Although there is no clear evidence for the impact on brain morphology, our research shows that living in larger social groups can enhance cognitive flexibility. This indicates that the social environment plays a role in the cognitive development of guppies.</p>
When does antimicrobial resistance increase bacterial fitness? Effects of dosing, social interactions and frequency dependence on the benefits of AmpC β-lactamases in broth, biofilms and a gut infection model.
<p><span>One of the longstanding puzzles of antimicrobial resistance is why the frequency of resistance persists at intermediate levels.<span> </span>Theoretical explanations for the lack of fixation of resistance include cryptic costs of resistance or negative frequency-dependence but are seldom explored experimentally. <span> </span><em>β</em>-lactamases, which detoxify penicillin-related antibiotics, have well-characterized frequency-dependent dynamics driven by cheating and cooperation.<span> </span>However, bacterial physiology determines whether <em>β</em>-lactamases are cooperative and we know little about the sociality or fitness of <em>β</em>-lactamase producers in infections.<span> </span>Moreover, media-based experiments constrain how we measure fitness, and ignore important parameters such as infectivity and transmission among hosts.<span> </span>Here, we investigated the fitness effects of broad-spectrum AmpC <em>β</em>-lactamases in <em>Enterobacter cloacae</em> in broth, biofilms and gut infections in a model insect. <span> </span>We quantified frequency- and dose-dependent fitness using cefotaxime, a third-generation cephalosporin.<span> </span>We predicted that infection dynamics would be similar to those observed in biofilms, with social protection extending over a wide dose range.<span> </span>We found evidence for the sociality of <em>β</em>-lactamases in all contexts with negative frequency-dependent selection ensuring the persistence of wild-type bacteria although cooperation was less prevalent in biofilms, contrary to predictions.<span> </span>While competitive fitness in gut infections and broth had similar dynamics, incorporating infectivity into measurements of fitness in infections<em> </em>significantly affected conclusions. <span> </span>Resistant bacteria had reduced infectivity which limited the fitness benefits of resistance to infections challenged with low antibiotic doses and having low initial frequencies of resistance. <span> </span>The fitness of resistant bacteria in more physiologically tolerant states (in biofilms, in infections) could be constrained by the presence of wild-type bacteria, high antibiotic doses and limited availability of <em>β</em>-lactamases.<span> </span>One conclusion is that increased tolerance of <em>β</em> -lactams does not necessarily increase selection pressure for resistance.<span> </span>Overall, both cryptic fitness costs and frequency-dependence curtailed the fitness benefits of resistance in this study.<span> </span></span></p> <p><span> </span></p>
Joint environmental and social benefits from diversified agriculture
<p>Agricultural simplification continues to expand at the expense of more diverse forms of agriculture. This simplification in the form of, for example, intensively-managed monocultures, poses a risk to keeping the world within safe and just Earth system boundaries. Here, we estimate how agricultural diversification simultaneously affects social and environmental outcomes. Drawing from 24 studies in 11 countries across 2,655 farms, we show how five diversification strategies focusing on livestock, crops, soils, non-crop plantings, and water conservation benefit social (human well-being, yields, food security) and environmental (biodiversity, ecosystem services, reduced environmental externalities) outcomes. We find that applying multiple diversification strategies creates more positive outcomes than individual management strategies alone. To realize these benefits, well-designed policies are needed to incentivize the adoption of multiple diversification strategies in unison.</p>
Hierarchically embedded scales of movement shape the social networks of vampire bats
<p>Social structure can emerge from <em>hierarchically embedded scales of movement</em>, where movement at one scale is constrained within a larger scale (e.g., among branches, trees, forests). In most studies of animal social networks, some scales of movement are unobserved, and the relative importance of the observed scales of movement is unclear. Here, we asked: how does individual variation in movement, at multiple nested spatial scales, influence each individual's social connectedness? Using existing data from common vampire bats (<em>Desmodus rotundus</em>), we created an agent-based model of how three nested scales of movement—among roosts, clusters, and grooming partners—each influence a bat's grooming network centrality. In each of 10 simulations, virtual bats lacking social and spatial preferences moved at each scale at empirically-derived rates that were either fixed or individually variable and either independent or correlated across scales. We found the number of partners groomed per bat was driven more by within-roost movements than by roost switching, highlighting that co-roosting networks do not fully capture bat social structure. Simulations revealed how individual variation in movement at nested spatial scales can cause false discovery and misidentification of preferred social relationships. Our model provides several insights into how nonsocial factors shape social networks.</p>
Causal evidence for social group sizes from Wikipedia editing data
<p>Human communities have self-organizing properties in which specific Dunbar Numbers may be invoked to explain group attachments. By analyzing Wikipedia editing histories across a wide range of subject pages, we show that there is an emergent coherence in the size of transient groups formed to edit the content of subject texts, with two peaks averaging at around $N=8$ for the size corresponding to maximal contention, and at around $N=4$ as a regular team. These values are consistent with the observed sizes of conversational groups, as well as the hierarchical structuring of Dunbar graphs. We use the Promise Theory model of bipartite trust to derive a scaling law that fits the data and may apply to all group size distributions, when based on attraction to a seeded group process. In addition to providing further evidence that even spontaneous communities of strangers are self-organizing, the results have important implications for the governance of the Wikipedia commons and for the security of all online social platforms and associations.</p>
Retractions in Humanities and Social Sciences: A Study of Retracted Papers from China
<p>This dataset presents a comprehensive study of retractions in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences (HSS), focusing specifically on retracted papers originating from China. </p>
Genetically identical mice express alternative reproductive tactics depending on social conditions in the field
<p>In many species, establishing and maintaining a territory is critical to survival and reproduction, and an animal's ability to do so is strongly influenced by the presence and density of competitors. Here we manipulate social conditions to study the alternative reproductive tactics displayed by genetically identical, age-matched laboratory mice competing for territories under ecologically realistic social environmental conditions. We introduced adult males and females of the laboratory mouse strain (C57BL/6J) into a large, outdoor field enclosure containing defendable resource zones under one of two social conditions. We first created a low-density social environment, such that the number of available territories exceeded the number of males. After males established stable territories, we introduced a pulse of intruder males and observed the resulting defensive and invasive tactics employed. In response to this change in social environment, males with large territories invested more in patrolling but were less effective at excluding intruder males as compared to males with small territories. Intruding males failed to establish territories and displayed an alternative tactic featuring greater exploration as compared to genetically identical territorial males. Alternative tactics did not lead to equal reproductive success—males that acquired territories experienced greater survival and had greater access to females.</p>
Data and code for: A supergene controlling social structure in Alpine ants also affects the dispersal ability and fecundity of each sex
<p>Social organisation, dispersal and fecundity co-evolve, but whether they are genetically linked remains little known. Supergenes are prime candidates for coupling adaptive traits and mediating sex-specific trade-offs. Here, we test whether a supergene that controls social structure in <em>Formica selysi</em> also influences dispersal-related traits and fecundity within each sex. In this ant species, single-queen colonies contain only the ancestral supergene haplotype <em>M</em> and produce<em> MM</em> queens and <em>M</em> males, while multi-queen colonies contain the derived haplotype <em>P</em> and produce <em>MP </em>queens, <em>PP</em> queens, and <em>P</em> males. By combining multiple experiments, we show that the <em>M </em>haplotype induces phenotypes with higher dispersal potential and higher fecundity, for both sexes. Specifically, <em>MM</em> queens, <em>MP</em> queens, and <em>M </em>males are more aerodynamic and more fecund than <em>PP </em>queens and <em>P</em> males, respectively. Differences between <em>MP</em> and <em>PP</em> queens from the same colonies reveal a direct genetic effect of the supergene on dispersal-related traits and fecundity. The derived haplotype <em>P</em>, associated with multi-queen colonies, produces queens and males with reduced dispersal abilities and lower fecundity. More broadly, similarities between the <em>Formica </em>and <em>Solenopsis</em> systems reveal that supergenes play a major role in linking behavioural, morphological, and physiological traits associated with intraspecific social polymorphisms.</p>
Fortalecimiento de Acueductos Veredales en Cundinamarca mediante la Apropiación Social del Conocimiento y Técnicas de Muestreo de Agua según NTC ISO/IEC 17025:2017, por la CAR Cundinamarca.
<p>Este proyecto es crucial para las comunidades rurales de Cundinamarca, ya que fortalece su capacidad técnica en la gestión del agua, un recurso vital. Al capacitar a los operadores en técnicas avanzadas de muestreo y análisis según estándares internacionales, se mejora la calidad del agua consumida y se asegura el cumplimiento de normativas ambientales y de salud pública.</p>
Supplementary material for: "Who gets the pole position? Spatial and social behaviour of snowfinches at winter feeders in Alpine habitat"
<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p><span>In collective foraging, an individual’s ability to compete with conspecifics can considerably influence its foraging strategy and success. Strong competitors can fight for prioritised access to food, while weak competitors may avoid aggressions and rather seek out less contested foraging opportunities. However, insecure access to food can be detrimental to weak competitors, especially during periods of low and unpredictable resource availability. Here we investigated individual foraging behaviour of White-winged snowfinches <em>Montifringilla nivalis</em>, specialists of alpine habitats and their strategies for coping with competition for food resources in winter. A difference in condition dependence of survival rates between males and females in this species has made us hypothesise that males may be more dominant in accessing food resources than females. We set up artificial experimental food patches in the Swiss Alps to observe foraging male and female snow finches and recorded their behaviour in interactions with conspecifics and their spatial position relative to the food. We found that individuals frequently occupying positions close to the food resources were more involved in agonistic interactions than individuals staying in more distant positions.</span><span> </span><span>This result suggests that different individuals use different foraging strategies, probably depending on their level of competitiveness. Furthermore, we observed males to forage slightly closer to the food source than females,</span><span> </span><span>which could imply that females may have less access to artificial feeders than males. </span></p>
Extended Evaluation Data of TrADS: a Trust-Aware Decentralized Social Network
<p>This dataset includes the evaluation data for the Paper "TrADS: a Trust-Aware Decentralized Social Network".<br>Within the ZIP File the following files are included in the dataset:</p> <ul> <li><strong>survey.pdf:</strong> The survey as PDF print. IFrames of TrADS used during the survey are hidden in the PDF.</li> <li><strong>all.xlsx:</strong> An Excelfile containing all the following .CSV files as worksheets.</li> <li><strong>raw_data.csv:</strong> The raw data exported from the used survey tool of the conducted empircal user study.</li> <li><strong>group1_unfiltered.csv:</strong> All participants' data of group 1.</li> <li><strong>group2_unfiltered.csv:</strong> All participants' data of group 2.</li> <li><strong>group1.csv:</strong> All filtered participants' data of group 1, who correctly answered the control questions.</li> <li><strong>group1_ueq_data.csv:</strong> All filtered participants's ueq+ question responses of group 1. Only including the questions 1 - 4 but not the question about dimension importance (q5).</li> <li><strong>group1_ueq_importance.csv:</strong> All filtered participants's ueq+ question responses about personal importance of group 1. Only including the question 5 about dimension importance.</li> <li><strong>group1_ueq_kpis:</strong> Including the ueq+ KPI values of all participants in group 1.</li> <li><strong>group2.csv:</strong> All filtered participants' data of group 2, who correctly answered the control questions.</li> <li><strong>group2_ueq_data.csv:</strong> All filtered participants's ueq+ question responses of group 2. Only including the questions 1 - 4 but not the question about dimension importance (q5).</li> <li><strong>group2_ueq_importance.csv:</strong> All filtered participants's ueq+ question responses about personal importance of group 2. Only including the question 5 about dimension importance.</li> <li><strong>group2_ueq_kpis:</strong> Including the ueq+ KPI values of all participants in group 2.</li> <li><strong>participants.csv:</strong> General information about participants grouped by both groups and joint.</li> <li><strong>likert_questions.csv:</strong> Mean Values and Standard Deviations (Std) of all statements rated on a 5-point Likert scale. It includes Means and Stds for Group 1, Group 2, Group 1 + Group 2 concatinated, and the values of the first user study published in the previous paper on TrADS <a href="https://zenodo.org/records/10641724" target="_blank" rel="noopener">(also available in previous dataset on Zenodo)</a>.</li> </ul>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.