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Fig. 9 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 9. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959): copulation observed at Longdong bay, northeast coast of Taiwan, 25 July 2011. A, Dermal impregnation for unilateral insemination; B, One individual (right), with the paired penis stretched, gripping its partner (left) at the outermost margin. (spermatophore is indicated by an arrow)

Fig. 7 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 7. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959) A, with colonial tunicates (indicated by arrows), found at Longdong Bay, Northeast Coast of Taiwan, 28 August 2008; B, regurgitated food pellet (indicated by arrowhead). Chuanfanshr, Kenting, southern Taiwan, 9 February 2006.

Fig. 4 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 4. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959): rhabdites on epidermis (indicated by arrows). A, B, on the tips of papillae; C, distributed on the inner surface of the male atrium; D, distributed on the female pore.

Fig. 5 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 5. Distribution of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959) A, around Taiwan; B, type locality (hollow square), and the probably distribution of Newman et al. (2003) collection (filled triangles), the distribution of Gosliner et al. (1996) collection (filled circles) in Indo-west Pacific.

Fig. 3 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 3. Diagrammatic representation of the reproductive anatomy of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959). A, male. e, ejaculatory duct; in, intestine; ma, male pore; pr, prostate gland; se, seminal vesicle; sp, sperm; st, stylet; v, vas deferens. B, female. c, cement gland; f, female pore; mi, main intestine; p, pharynx; v, vagina.

Fig. 2 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 2. Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Hyman, 1959). Anterior is to the right. A, dorsal view; B, ventral view. ce, cerebral eyespots; fp, female pore; m, mouth; mp, male pore; ph, pharynx; pt, pseudotentacle; s, sucker.

Fig. 1 in Re-description of Thysanozoon nigropapillosum (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) from the South China Sea, with observations on a novel pre-copulatory structure, sexual behaviour and diet

Fig. 1. Holotypes of Acanthozoon nigropapillosum Hyman, 1959 (Polycladida: Pseudocerotidae) at the Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History, Washington D.C., USA. No. USNM 28661. Photograph by: Dr. Ning Chao.

Fig. 24 in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 24. Colour in life, A–H from South China Sea; I, J from Papua New Guinea and Bismarck Sea. A, Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986), female (24.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.0555); B, Lamoha murotoensis (Sakai, 1979), male (20.8 × 18.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0200); C, Paromola macrochira Sakai, 1961, female (16.5 × 11.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0560); D, Paromola macrochira Sakai, 1961, female (16.3 × 11.1 mm) (ZRC 2016.0562); E, Moloha majora (Kubo, 1936), male (54.8 × 47.8 mm) (ZRC 2016.0197); F, Homolochunia gadaletae Guinot & Richer de Forges, 1995, ovigerous female (34.1 × 26.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0198); G, Homolomania sibogae Ihle, 1912, male (15.4 × 11.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.0199); H, Paromolopsis boasi Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891, male (20.1 × 17.7 mm) (ZRC 2016.0565); I, Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, ovigerous female (16.0 × 13.9 mm) (MNHN-IU-2015-80); J, Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, ovigerous female (14.9 × 9.9 mm) (MNHN-IU-2014-8052).

Fig. 23 in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 23. Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986) carrying an unidentified sea anemone in vicinity of Mariana Island group at a depth of 1212 m on 13 August 2016. Photographs courtesy of the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Ocean Exploration and Research.

Fig. 21. A–C in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 21. A–C, Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, male (carapace width 6.2 mm, rostrum damaged) (ZRC 2016.0194), Papua New Guinea; D–F, H. exilis n. sp., paratype male (10.2 × 7.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0568), South China Sea; G–I, H. brevipes n. sp., paratype male (7.6 × 5.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0574), Taiwan. A, D, G, telson and pleonal somites 5 and 6; B, E, H, pleonal somites 2–6; C, F, I, outer view of left chela.

Fig. 22 in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 22. Gonopods of Homologenus species. A–C, H. exilis n. sp., paratype male (10.2 × 7.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0568), South China Sea; D–F, H. brevipes n. sp., paratype male (7.6 × 5.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0574), Taiwan. A, C, D, F, ventral view; B, E, dorsal view. Scales = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 20. Right P5 in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 20. Right P5 pseudochela (propodus and dactylus) of Homologenus species. A, H. malayensis Ihle, 1912, female (16.0 × 13.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0196), Papua New Guinea; B, H. malayensis Ihle, 1912, male (carapace width 6.2 mm, rostrum damaged) (ZRC 2016.0194), Papua New Guinea; C, H. exilis n. sp., holotype ovigerous female (13.5 × 10.4 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea; D, H. exilis n. sp., paratype female (15.1 × 11.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0569); E, H. exilis n. sp., paratype male (10.2 × 7.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0568), South China Sea; F, H. brevipes n. sp., holotype ovigerous female (15.0 × 10.7 mm) (NTOU), Taiwan; G, H. brevipes n. sp., paratype ovigerous female (15.4 × 13.5 mm) (ZRC 2016.0572), Taiwan; H, H. brevipes n. sp., paratype male (7.6 × 5.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0574), Taiwan.

Fig. 19. Left P2–P5 in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 19. Left P2–P5 merus of Homologenus species. A–D, H. exilis n. sp., holotype ovigerous female (13.5 × 10.4 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea; E–H, H. exilis n. sp., paratype male (10.2 × 7.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0568), South China Sea; I–L, H. brevipes n. sp., holotype ovigerous female (15.0 × 10.7 mm) (NTOU), Taiwan; M–P, H. brevipes n. sp., paratype male (7.6 × 5.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0574), Taiwan. A–D, I–L, female left P2–P5 merus, respectively; E–H, M–P, male left P2–P5, respectively. Scales = 5.0 mm.

Fig. 18 in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 18. Carapace of Homologenus species. A, H. malayensis Ihle, 1912, male (carapace width 6.2 mm, rostrum damaged) (ZRC 2016.0194), Papua New Guinea; B, H. malayensis Ihle, 1912, female (16.0 × 13.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0194), Papua New Guinea; C, H. donghaiensis Chen, 1986, holotype male (11.0 × 10.3 mm) (IOCAS KY8B-71), East China Sea (photograph: W. Jiang); D, H. exilis n. sp., paratype male (10.2 × 7.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0568), South China Sea; E, H. exilis n. sp., holotype ovigerous female (13.5 × 10.4 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea; F, H. exilis n. sp., paratype female (15.1 × 11.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0569), South China Sea; G, H. brevipes n. sp., paratype male (7.6 × 5.9 mm) (ZRC 2016.0574), Taiwan; H, H. brevipes n. sp., holotype ovigerous female (15.0 × 10.7 mm) (NTOU), Taiwan; I, H. brevipes n. sp., paratype ovigerous female (15.4 × 13.5 mm) (ZRC 2016.0572), Taiwan.

Fig. 15. Homologenus exilis n in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 15. Homologenus exilis n. sp., holotype ovigerous female (13.5 × 10.4 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea. A, frontal view of cephalothorax; B, rostrum, pseudorostrum and orbit; C, left third maxilliped; D, dorsal view of right cheliped carpus; E, outer view of left chela; F, posterior carapace margin and male pleonal somites 1–3.

Fig. 9. Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, overall habitus. A in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 9. Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, overall habitus. A, lectotype female (15.5 × 9.8 mm) (NNM ZMA DE 102.967), station 122, northern Sulawesi, 1°58.5′N 125°00.5′E, Indonesia, 1264–1165 m, coll. SIBOGA Expedition, Weber, 17 July 1899; B, paralectotype (11.3 × 6.1 mm) (NNM ZMA DE 102.967), same data as lectotype. Photographs courtesy of Charles Fransen.

Fig. 6. A–G in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 6. A–G, Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986). A, paralectotype male (22.9 × 18.6 mm) (ZRC 1999.0007), East China Sea; B, male (24.9 × 20.5 mm) (ZRC 2016.0556), South China Sea; C, male (29.2 × 24.2 mm) (ZRC 2008.990), Philippines; D, ovigerous female (24.2 × 20.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0556) South China Sea; E, female (24.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.0555), South China Sea; F, female (23.4 × 19.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0556), South China Sea; G, male (15.3 × 12.6 mm) (ZRC 2016.0556), South China Sea. H, L. superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891), male (11.8 × 9.9 mm) (OUMNH 2008-09-0039), Laccadive Sea.

Fig. 5. Carapace. A–D in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 5. Carapace. A–D, Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986). A, paralectotype male (22.9 × 18.6 mm) (ZRC 1999.0007), East China Sea; B, male (29.2 × 24.2 mm) (ZRC 2008.990), Philippines; C, female (24.9 × 20.3 mm) (ZRC 2016.0555), South China Sea; D, male (15.3 × 12.6 mm) (ZRC 2016.0556), South China Sea; E, F, L. superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891). E, male (11.8 × 9.9 mm) (OUMNH 2008-09-0039), Laccadive Sea; F, female (15.6 × 13.0 mm) (USNM 42696), Arabian Sea.

Fig. 14. Homologenus exilis n in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 14. Homologenus exilis n. sp., overall habitus. A, holotype ovigerous female (13.5 × 10.4 mm) (NTOU), South China Sea; B, paratype male (10.2 × 7.4 mm) (ZRC 2016.0568), South China Sea.

Fig. 4 in On a collection of Homolidae from the South China Sea, with descriptions of two new species of Homologenus A. Milne-Edwards, in Henderson, 1888, and the identities of Homologenus malayensis Ihle, 1912, and Lamoha superciliosa (Wood-Mason, in Wood-Mason & Alcock, 1891)

Fig. 4. Lamoha longirostris (Chen, 1986). A, male (15.3 × 12.6 mm) (ZRC 2016.0556), South China Sea; B, C, ovigerous female (18.5 × 16.6 mm) (MNHN-IU-2011-2732), Papua New Guinea; D, female (13.1 × 10.0 mm) (ZRC 2008.992), South China Sea. A, B, overall habitus; C, right P4 dactylus; D, left P4 dactylus.