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Figs 1-10 in Subterranean Neobisium (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae) from Albania
Figs 1-10. Neobisium (Blothrus) georgecastriotae Ćurčić, Dimitrijević & Rađa, 2006, male from Shterra ë Cikes (unless otherwise stated). (1) Epistome of carapace. (2) Right chelicera, dorsal view. (3) Trochanter, femur and patella of right pedipalp, dorsal view. (4) Right pedipalpal chela, dorsal view. (5) Same (teeth omitted), antiaxial view, with details of teeth. (6) Apex of chelal fingers, antiaxial view. (7) Right leg IV, antiaxial view. (8) Apex of telotarsus of leg IV, antiaxial view. (9) Tritonymph from Shpella ë Kasarit: trochanter, femur and patella of right pedipalp, dorsal view. (10) Same, right pedipalpal chela (teeth omitted), antiaxial view, with details of teeth. Scale lines: 0.2 mm (1-2, 6, 8); 0.5 mm (3-5, 7, 9-10).
Fig. 6 in A new amphibious species of the subterranean genus Bureschia Verhoeff, 1926 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Trichoniscidae) from Serbia
Fig. 6. Bureschia serbica sp. nov., holotype, ♂, from Suva dupka Cave (ZZDBE 1143/1). A–B. Pereopods. C–E. Pleopods, exopodite and endopodite. A. Pereopod 1. B. Pereopod 7. C. Pleopod 3. D. Pleopod 4. E. Pleopod 5.
Fig. 7 in A new amphibious species of the subterranean genus Bureschia Verhoeff, 1926 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Trichoniscidae) from Serbia
Fig. 7. Bureschia serbica sp. nov., holotype, ♂, from Suva dupka Cave (ZZDBE 1143/1). A. Genital papilla. B. Pleopod 1. C. Pleopod 2.
Fig. 5 in A new amphibious species of the subterranean genus Bureschia Verhoeff, 1926 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Trichoniscidae) from Serbia
Fig. 5. Bureschia serbica sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (6.8 mm) from Suva dupka Cave (ZZDBE 1143/2), maxilla 2 (SEM). A. Medial edge. B. Terminal edge.
Fig. 4 in A new amphibious species of the subterranean genus Bureschia Verhoeff, 1926 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Trichoniscidae) from Serbia
Fig. 4. Bureschia serbica sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (6.8 mm) from Suva dupka Cave (ZZDBE 1143/2). A. Maxilla 1 outer endite. B. Maxilla 1 inner endite. C. Maxilla 2. D. Maxilliped.
Fig. 2 in A new amphibious species of the subterranean genus Bureschia Verhoeff, 1926 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Trichoniscidae) from Serbia
Fig. 2. Bureschia serbica sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (6.8 mm) from Suva dupka Cave (ZZDBE 1143/2). A. Adult specimen, dorsal view. B. Antennula. C. Antenna.
Fig. 1 in A new amphibious species of the subterranean genus Bureschia Verhoeff, 1926 (Isopoda: Oniscidea: Trichoniscidae) from Serbia
Fig. 1. Distribution of species of Bureschia Verhoeff, 1926. Yellow signs = Bureschia serbica sp. nov. (1- Suva dupka Cave, 2- small cave in Bela village, probable species site); green signs = Bureschia bulgarica Verhoeff, 1926 (Map from GoogleEarth Pro).
Supplementary Data and Code: Determinants of range sizes pinpoint vulnerability of groundwater species to climate change: a case study on subterranean amphipods from the Dinarides
<p>Supplementary Data and R code for phylogenetic analyses for manuscript entitled <em>Determinants of range sizes pinpoint vulnerability of groundwater species to climate change: a case study on subterranean amphipods from the Dinarides.</em></p> <p><strong>The dataset contains</strong></p> <p><em>beast.tree</em> → data for import into R: maximum credibility phylogeny<br> <em>data_lambert.csv</em> → data for import into R: data on habitat and distribution for 52 <em>Niphargus </em>species<br> <em>morpho.csv</em> → data for import into R: morphometric data (body length) for 52 <em>Niphargus </em>species<br> <em>niphargus_ranges.Rmd</em> → fully reproducible R markdown file<br> <em>niphargus_ranges.html </em>→ html output of Rmd file</p> <p>To be able to run the analysis put the data files into folder <data> and run the Rmd script.</p>
Finding shortcuts through collective tunnel excavation in a subterranean termite
<p>Facilitating efficient resource transfer requires building an optimized transportation network that balances cost minimization with benefit maximization. For animals that forage for food located remotely, optimizing their transportation networks is critically related to survival. This process often involves finding and using the shortest route to save time and energy. Subterranean termites forage for wood resources by excavating underground foraging networks for search and transport. Because termites have no prior knowledge of food location during the food searching phase, establishment of a short tunnel between the nest and feeding site is difficult at the beginning of foraging. Thus, finding a short route should logically follow initial food discovery. However, it remains elusive as to how subterranean termites find the shortest route for food transportation. We simulated different scenarios using <em>Coptotermes formosanus</em> by providing different shapes and distances of pre-formed tunnels (straight, detour, and detour + twisting arenas) to food, where food items were located at a fixed distance from the arena entrance. Termites in the straight arena continuously used the pre-formed tunnel, showing negligible branching efforts. However, termites in the detour and detour + twisting arenas followed the pre-formed tunnel only for the initial few hours before excavating many branching tunnels. This branching activity ultimately resulted in termites finding shorter commuting routes than the pre-formed tunnels. In addition, the shortest established routes were widened over time. This study demonstrated that <em>C. formosanus</em> could actively alter tunnel networks to minimize the cost in food transportation by using short and wide tunnels. </p>
Figure 1 in New subterranean freshwater gastropods of Montenegro (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae), with description of one new genus and two new species
Figure 1. Iverak spring (Pricelje village, Podgorica). Left (A): spring source with the spring outlet. Right (B): Spring source with deposits emerging from the underground. Photos. V. Pešić
Figure 46. Shell ofBythiospeum demattiai n in New subterranean freshwater gastropods of Montenegro (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Hydrobiidae), with description of one new genus and two new species
Figure 46. Shell ofBythiospeum demattiai n. sp. 4 = holotype, 5 = paratype, 6 = aperture from the lateral view.
Fig. 7 in Redescription of the Subterranean Millipede Antrokoreana gujoensis (Diplopoda: Julida: Nemasomatidae) from Central Honshu, Japan
Fig. 7. Antrokoreana gujoensis, males (A, B: KUZ Z4365; C: KUZ Z4360). A, Right posterior gonopod, lateral view; B, apical part of right posterior gonopod, lateral view; C, apical part of left posterior gonopod, lateral view. Abbreviations: bps, branched-processes; lbs, long bristles; slps, scale-like processes; tsps, tulip-leaf shaped processes. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B, C, 50 µm.
Fig. 5 in Redescription of the Subterranean Millipede Antrokoreana gujoensis (Diplopoda: Julida: Nemasomatidae) from Central Honshu, Japan
Fig. 5. Antrokoreana gujoensis, male (KUZ Z4341). A, Anterior gonopods, anterior view; B, anterior gonopods, posterior view. Abbreviations: cp, coxal process; fl, flagellum; tl, telopodite. Scale bars: A, B, 250 µm.
Fig. 6 in Redescription of the Subterranean Millipede Antrokoreana gujoensis (Diplopoda: Julida: Nemasomatidae) from Central Honshu, Japan
Fig. 6. Antrokoreana gujoensis, males (A, B: KUZ Z4341; C: KUZ Z4343; D: KUZ Z4344). A, Anterior gonopods, anterior view; B, anterior gonopods, posterior view; C, anterior gonopods, right lateral view; D, tip of right flagellum of anterior gonopods. Abbreviations: cp, coxal process; fl, flagellum; sps, spinules; tl, telopodite. Scale bars: A–C, 250 µm; D, 25 µm.
Fig. 4 in Redescription of the Subterranean Millipede Antrokoreana gujoensis (Diplopoda: Julida: Nemasomatidae) from Central Honshu, Japan
Fig. 4. Antrokoreana gujoensis, males (A, D: KUZ Z4343; B, C, E, F: KUZ Z4341). A, Body ring 5 and 6, lateral view; B, first leg pair, posterior view; C, third leg pair, posterior view, white arrowheads indicate adhesive pads; D, penes, posterior view; E, caudal end with 4 podous rings + 1 apodous ring + telson, lateral view; F, telson, ventral view. Scale bars: A, E, F, 500 µm; B, C, 200 µm; D, 50 µm.
Fig. 3 in Redescription of the Subterranean Millipede Antrokoreana gujoensis (Diplopoda: Julida: Nemasomatidae) from Central Honshu, Japan
Fig. 3. Antrokoreana gujoensis, males (A–E, H, I: KUZ Z4341; F, G: KUZ Z4343). A, Head, frontal view; B, labrum, frontal view; C, right mandible, ventral view; D, mandibular gnathal lobe of left mandible, anterior view; white arrowheads indicate complete pectinate lamellae, black arrowheads donate incomplete lamellae; E, mandibular gnathal lobe of right mandible, posterior view; F, gnathochilarium, ventral view; G, right antenna, sub-mesal view; H, antennomeres V–VI, showing a corolla of large sensilla basiconica bacilliformia at each distal margin; I, antennomere VII, showing short sensilla chaetica and longer sensilla trichodea. Abbreviations: OEs, finger-like branches; sbb, sensilla basiconica bacilliformia. Scale bars: A, B, 250 µm; C, I, 100 µm; D, E, 50 µm; F, H, 200 µm; G, 500 µm.
Fig. 1 in Redescription of the Subterranean Millipede Antrokoreana gujoensis (Diplopoda: Julida: Nemasomatidae) from Central Honshu, Japan
Fig. 1. Map showing the type locality of Antrokoreana gujoensis and the collection localities of samples in the present study. The star denotes the type locality of the species (Kumaishi-do Cave). Names of localities are shown in Tables 1, 2. Shoreline data of the inset map is based on Wessel and Smith (1996), and elevation data is on the Fundamental Geospatial Data (DEM) 5 m Mesh (elevation) by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (https://fgd.gsi. go.jp/download/menu.php).
Fig. 5 in Two new species of the genus Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901 (Hexapoda, Collembola, Onychiuridae) from Georgian caves with remarks on the subterranean biodiversity of the Caucasus Mountains
Fig. 5. Deuteraphorura kozmani Parimuchová, Barjadze & Kováč sp. nov. a. Dorsal chaetotaxy. b. AOIII. c. MVO (enlargment of modified chaeta). d. Tita and claw of leg III (DIC contrast image; chaeta in C-row not visible from this view).
Fig. 3 in Two new species of the genus Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901 (Hexapoda, Collembola, Onychiuridae) from Georgian caves with remarks on the subterranean biodiversity of the Caucasus Mountains
Fig. 3. Histogram of COI K2P distances between specimens of Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901. The red line indicates the threshold distance above which specimens are considered to belong to different species, according to ASAP method.
Fig. 2. A in Two new species of the genus Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901 (Hexapoda, Collembola, Onychiuridae) from Georgian caves with remarks on the subterranean biodiversity of the Caucasus Mountains
Fig. 2. A neighbour-joining tree (NJ) with species delimitation of Georgian cave populations of Deuteraphorura Absolon, 1901 based on COI molecular marker, morphology and geographic location in karst areas. Numbers and coloured columns indicate groups (species) identified by particular methods ASAP (Assemble Species by Automatic Partitioning) and bPTP (Bayesian Poisson tree processes). The question mark (?) indicates ambiguous result in Shvilobisa Cave due to low number of studied specimens. For abbreviations of caves in the NJ tree see Table 1.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.