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FIGURE 4 in A new species of rock-dwelling Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tamil Nadu, southern India

FIGURE 4. Details of dorsal pholidosis at midbody (A) and details of ventral scales at midbody (B) of Cnemaspis agarwali sp. nov. (holotype, NCBS-AU486). Scale bars 5 mm.

opennotspecifiedMar 2019View details →

FIGURE 1 in A new species of rock-dwelling Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Tamil Nadu, southern India

FIGURE 1. Relief map of India showing type localities of Cnemaspis species occurring outside the Western Ghats and in peninsular India (unfilled white circle). Type locality of Cnemaspis agarwali sp. nov. situated on a small hillock near Kidayur road, Sankari, in Salem district of Tamil Nadu, India (solid black circle).

opennotspecifiedMay 2019View details →

FIGURE. 1 in Two new Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Shevaroy massif, Tamil Nadu, India, with a preliminary ND2 phylogeny of Indian Cnemaspis

FIGURE. 1. Relief map showing distribution of four divergent Cnemaspis lineages in the Shevaroy massif and Kollimalai. Inset map of India shows location of study area (black rectangle).

FIGURE 2 in Hysterium madraspatanum (Hysteriaceae), a new species from Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest of Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 2: Hysterium madraspatanum. a–d Ascomata on host surface. e–g Hamathecium. e–g Hamathecium of H. madraspatanum. h young developing ascus. i–j Ascus with biseriate ascospores. k Pseudoparaphyses. l young spore showing single septum. m–p Various stages of ascospores. Scale bars: a–b = 2 mm, c–d = 1 mm, e = 0.2 mm, f–g = 0.1 mm, h = 5 µm, i–j =10 µm, k =5µm, l–p = 10µm.

FIGURE 1 in Hysterium madraspatanum (Hysteriaceae), a new species from Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest of Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 1: Hysterium madraspatanum. a Habit. b Ascospores. c Various stages of ascus with ascospores. d Pseudoparaphyses showing the branching pattern. Scale bars: a = 0.5 mm, b = 20 µm, c = 20 µm, d = 10 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Hysterium madraspatanum (Hysteriaceae), a new species from Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest of Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 3. Phylogram generated from Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) analyses, based on ITS sequence dataset including 15 taxa representing Hysteriaceae. The new species is highlighted in red colour. Bayesian posterior probabilities above 1.0 are are represented at nodes.

opennotspecifiedMar 2015View details →

FIGURE 1. Impatiens courtallensis. a in Impatiens courtallensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species of Impatiens from Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 1. Impatiens courtallensis. a. Adult plant (Habit); b. Flower front view; c. Flower side view; d. Flower ventral view; e. Dorsal petal; f. Lateral sepals; g. Lateral united petals; h. Lower sepal with spur: i. Androecium; j. Pollen grain; k. Ovary; l. Fruit; m. Seed.

opennotspecifiedMar 2015View details →

FIGURE 2. Impatiens courtallensis. a in Impatiens courtallensis (Balsaminaceae), a new species of Impatiens from Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 2. Impatiens courtallensis. a. Habit; b. Flower front view; c. Flower lateral view; d. Leaf morphology; e. Flower lateral view showing the actual size; f. Flower front view showing the lateral sepals.

opennotspecifiedMar 2017View details →

FIGURE 1 in Impatiens megamalayana, a new species of Impatiens from the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 1. Impatiens megamalayana Ramasubbu sp. nov. A. Upper portion of adult plant, B. Leaves, adaxial view, C. Petiole with pairs of extra-petiolar glands, D. Leaf, lateral view, showing hairs, E. Leaves, adaxial view, showing main nerve with single-celled hairs, F. Flower, ventral view, G. Flower lateral view, H. Lower sepal, ventral view, I. SEM of pollen grain, J. Ovary, K. Fruit, L. Seeds, M. Ornamentation of seed coat. (Photographs by R. Ramasubbu).

opennotspecifiedMar 2017View details →

FIGURE 2 in Impatiens megamalayana, a new species of Impatiens from the Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 2. Impatiens megamalayana Ramasubbu sp. nov. A. Habit, B. Leaf blade, lateral (top) view and adaxial (bottom) view, C. Stem and leaves showing pairs of extra-petiolar glands, D. Flower, ventral view, E. Flower, lateral view, F. Lateral view of lower sepal, G. dorsal view of lateral sepals, H. Adaxial view of dorsal petal, I. Top view of lateral petals, J. Androecium, K. Ovary, L. Seed. (Illustrated by Dr. D. Felix Irudhyaraj based on fresh specimens).

opennotspecifiedJul 2018View details →

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Dalbergia (Fabaceae: Dalbergieae) from Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 1. Illustration of D. matthewii S. Soosairaj, P. Raja & S. John Britto. A. Flowering twig. B. A leaf with portion enlarged. C. Stipule. D. Bract. E. Flower. F. Bracteole. G. Calyx split open. H. Vexillum. I. Wing. J. Keel. K. Staminal sheath. L. Pistil. M. Pod. N. Seed (immature). A–K from living type material 2287, L and M from paratype material 2322. Drawn by P. Raja.

opennotspecifiedNov 2018View details →

FIGURE 1 in A new species of Syzygium (Myrtaceae) from the South Western Ghats of Tamil Nadu, India

FIGURE 1. Syzygium bharathii Ramasubbu sp. nov. A) Adult tree at flowering; B) Blaze color of bark; C) Young cylindrical red shootlet; D) Leaf- ventral view; E) Individual flower showing conical shaped hypanthium; F) Greenish with deep red tinged hypanthium; G) View of ovules inside the ovary; H) Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) view of anther with filament; I) SEM view of gynoecium; J) Fruiting branch; K) Individual fruit; L) Seeds.

TABLE 2 in Hysterium madraspatanum (Hysteriaceae), a new species from Tropical Dry Evergreen Forest of Tamil Nadu, India

TABLE 2. Comparison of morphological characteristics, hosts information of closely related species to Hysterium madraspatanum.<table><tbody><tr><th>S. no Species</th><th>Ascomata</th><th>Exciple</th><th>Hamathecium</th><th>Asci</th><th>Ascospores</th><th>Hosts</th><th>Reference</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>1.</th><td>H. barrianum</td><td>Ascomata atypically hysterithecioid, somewhat laterally compressed in the upper region, slightly connivent, sulcus very shallow, existing as a narrow rim, sides laterally striate, striae few and deep, straight to flexuous, sessile on the substrate, rarely bifurcating, taller than wide at maturity: 1–2.5 mm long × 250–450 μm high, 200–300 μm wide.</td><td>-</td><td>Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, cellular, 1–2 μm wide, branched above the ascal layer to form an epithecium.</td><td>Asci bitunicate, cylindrical, short-stipitate, (110)125– 135 × 15–20 μm.</td><td>Phragmospores fusiform, narrow, hyaline and straight when young, becoming pale-yellow to lightly clear brown, and curved when mature, highly guttulate, with guttulae large, highly refractive, present in every cell, with (7–)9(–11) septa, measuring (35–)40–45(–55) × (7–)9–10(–12) μm when mature.</td><td>Quercus</td><td>Boehm et al. 2009.</td></tr><tr><th>2.</th><td>H. insidens</td><td>Fruiting bodies single or in groups, embedded or erumpent, elongated, linear, tapering towards the ends, straight, not branched, up to 2.4 × 0.26 mm.</td><td>-</td><td>Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, septate, branched, with thickened tips, forming an epitheciurn above the asci.</td><td>Asci broad to cylindrical, 8 spored, irregularly biseriate, 140–150 × 18–23 μm.</td><td>Ascospores golden to dark brown, fusiform to oblong, phragmosporous, most commonly with 7 or 8 transverse septa, often Salvia mellifera constricted at median septum, middle cell usually swollen, 28 –35 × 10–12 μm.</td><td>E.J. van der Linde 1992.</td></tr><tr><th>3.</th><td>H. velloziae</td><td>Fruiting bodies arranged in evenly distributed groups, embedded or erumpent, broad to ellipsoid with almost abrupt ends, slit broad, straight, not branched, up to 1.2 × 0.5 mm.</td><td>-</td><td>Pseudoparaphyses hyaline, septate, filiform, not thickened much at the tips, branched to form an epithecium.</td><td>Asci irregularly biseriate, broad cylindrical, 8 spored, 130–140 × 20–25 μm.</td><td>Ascospores light brown with dark brown septa, fusiform, phragmosporous, 13–21 septate, most commonly 14 or 15 septate, 45–50(60) × 10–12 (14) μm.</td><td>-</td><td>E.J. van der Linde 1992.</td></tr><tr><th>4.</th><td>H. angustatum</td><td>Hysterothecia superficial with base immersed, carbonaceous, black, subglobose to elongate, straight or flexuous, smooth laterally, with a longitudinal slit, sulcus shallow, gregarious, lying at irregular angles, without KOH Extractable pigment 0.2–1.4 × 0.1–0.3 mm, 0.1–0.3 mm high.</td><td>-</td><td>Pseudoparaphyses Asci bitunicate, cylindrical, septate, hyaline, branched short pedicillate, 8 spored, above the asci, 1–1.5 µm irregularly biseriate, wide. 57.5–88 × 9–11 µm.</td><td>Ascospores 16–30 x 4–8.5 µm, 3- septate (rarely 4-septate), narrowly ellipsoidal-ovoid to cylindrical with rounded ends, often with one side straight, reddish brown, slightly constricted at the septa, the end cells concolorous or slightly paler than median cells.</td><td>Platanus occidentalis, Corylus avellana, Betula pendula, Prunus spinosa, Fraxinus excelsior.</td><td>Jayasiri S. C. et al. 2018.</td></tr><tr><th>5.</th><td>H. citricola</td><td>Ascocarps superficial elongated stromatic, The wall lined by black hard and opening by narrow long slit thick walled cells. measuring from 1537–1762 × 450 –787 µm.</td><td>Paraphyses occasionally branching forming the epithecium at apex</td><td>Asci hyaline to slightly yellow in colour, arises from the basal hymenium layer which are parallel, bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, 8 spored measuring from 118–170 × 9–11 µm.</td><td>Ascospores uniseriately arranged, 4 celled, hyaline first later changing to yellow and then dark brown, Citri limon oblong to ellipsoid measuring from 20–26 × 7–8 µm.</td><td>Tilak et al. 1966</td></tr><tr><th>6.</th><td>H. lantanae</td><td>Ascocarp superficial elongated stromatic, black and hard and opening by narrow long slit measuring from 1300–1470 × 450 –525 µm from the basal hymenium layer.</td><td>The wall lined by thick walled cells.</td><td>Paraphysate, paraphyses occasionally branched forming the epithecium at apex.</td><td>From the basal hymenium layer asci originate which are parallel, bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, 8 spored measuring from 125–145 × 7–11 µm, hyaline to slightly yellow in colour.</td><td>Ascospores uniseriately arranged, initially two celled and finally four celled, hyaline first, later changing Lantana camara to yellow and then dark brown, oblong to ellipsoid, measuring from 24–30 × 8–9.6 µm.</td><td>Tilak et al. 1966.</td></tr><tr><th>7.</th><td>H. tamarindi</td><td>Ascocarp superficial elongated stromatic black hard and opening by narrow long slit measuring from 700–1560 × 285–435 µm.</td><td>The wall lined by thick walled cells.</td><td>Paraphyses occasionally branching, forming the epithecium at the apex.</td><td>From the basal hymenium layer asci originate which are parallel, bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate 8 spored measuring from 156–210 × 9–11 µm, hyaline to slightly yellow in colour,</td><td>Ascospores uniseriately arranged, initially two celled which ultimately become four celled, hyaline first, later changing to yellow and then dark brown, oblong to ellipsoid, measuring from 19–30 × 7–8 µm.</td><td>Tamarindus indica</td><td>Tilak et al. 1966.</td></tr><tr><th>8.</th><td>H. memecyli</td><td>Ascocarps superficial elongated stromatic, black hard and, opening by narrow long slit, measuring from 700–900 × 450–550 µm.</td><td>The wall lined by thick walled cells.</td><td>Paraphyses occasionally branching, forming the epithecium at apex.</td><td>From the basal hymenium layer asci originate which are parallel, bitunicate, cylindrical to clavate, 8 spored measuring from 200–240 × 8–11 µm, hyaline to slightly yellow in colour.</td><td>Ascospores uniseriately arranged, initially two celled and finally become four celled, hyaline first, later changing to yellow and then dark brown, oblong to ellipsoid, measuring from 29–32 × 7–9 µm.</td><td>Memecylon edule</td><td>Tilak et al. 1966.</td></tr><tr><th>9.</th><td>H. celastrinum</td><td>Ascocarps superficial elongated stromatic, black hard and opening by narrow long slit measuring from 350–750 × 150–250 µm.</td><td>The wall is lined by thick walled cells and measures from 20–30 × 8 –12 µm.</td><td>Paraphyses occasionally branching, forming the epithecium at apex.</td><td>From the basal hymenium layer originate asci which are parallel, bitunicate cylindrical to ctavate 8 spored, measuring from 60–75 × 5–6 µm, hyaline to slightly yellow in colour.</td><td>Ascospores uniseriately arranged. 4 celled, hyaline first later changing to yellow and then dark brown, oblong to ellipsoid, measuring from 26.1– 29 × 5.8–9 µm.</td><td>Celastrus paniculatus</td><td>Tilak 1963.</td></tr><tr><th>10.</th><td>H. hyalinum</td><td>Asomata hysteriaceous, i.e they are elongate with a central narrow fissure, black, carbonaceous and remain closed when wet.</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>The asci of the species measures 95–110 × 15 µm.</td><td>Ascospores become pale brown when matured, occasionally, they are 4 or 5 septate.</td><td>Populus</td><td>Cooke et al. 1875.</td></tr><tr><th>11.</th><td>H. pulicare</td><td>Ascostromata 500–2000 × 300–500(–700) µm, 200–300 µm tall, erumpent through bark Peridium with lateral or appearing superficial on wood where the walls 50–90 µm thick, bark is lost, elongate, narrowly elliptical to composed of very fusiform in outline, straight or irregularly dark, near opaque, curved, ovate to doliiform in vertical thick walled brown section, constricted at the base, scattered to black cells, basal or gregarious, superficial or nearly so, dull region similar, with a black, with a conspicuous longitudinal layer of hyaline thin cleft and often with inconspicuous parallel walled cells 40–50 striations, the cleft gradually widening to µm thick forming the expose the hymenium, which is coloured cavity floor. dark brown by the ascospores and encrusted paraphysoids.</td><td>Interascal tissue of paraphysoids ca 1.5 µm diam, filiform with rounded ends, hyaline, smooth, sparsely septate, branched and sometimes anastomosed, exceeding the asci and plugging the ascomatal slit when dry, occasionally with slight apical encrustation where exposed.</td><td>Asci (75–) 100–120 × 17–24 µm, cylindrical-clavate, stalked, tapering to a rounded or irregular base, thick-walled, fissitunicate, apex rounded, 8 spored, arising in parallel from the cavity floor.</td><td>Ascospores 26–37 × 7–12 µm, 3 septate (very rarely 4 septate), end cells much paler (near-hyaline), narrowly ellipsoidal-ovoid to cylindrical with rounded ends, often with one side straight, reddish brown, slightly constricted at the septa, the end cells concolorous or slightly paler than median cells.</td><td>Quercus</td><td>Boehm et al. 2009.</td></tr><tr><th>12.</th><td>H. petiolare</td><td>Hysterothecia 0.5 –1.0 × 0.2–0.4 mm, separate and in subparallel rows, ostiole prominent, frequently with a distinct rim surrounding its base giving a hat-shaped appearance to the fructification.</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>spores hyaline, filiform, non-septate, 40–55 × 1.5 µm.</td><td>Rhus glabra and Quercus</td><td>Lowy B 1949.</td></tr><tr><th>13.</th><td>H. rhizophorae</td><td>Peridium 25–75 (x Saprobic on decaying wood of Ascomata = 50 μm, n = 5)μm hysterothecial, 650–2100 μm long (x = 1060 wide, carbonaceous, μm, n = 5), 100–400 μm high, 170–200 μm comprising an outer wide (x = 243 × 199 μm, n = 5), erumpent layer of dark brown to superficial with base immersed, solitary cells of textura to gregarious, straight to flexuous, ellipsoid globosa and aninner or elongate, with pointed ends, opening by a layer of hyaline to depressed longitudinal slit, invertical section pale brown cells of sub-globose to globose, carbonaceous, black. textura globosa.</td><td>Ascospores 10–17 × 3–5 μm (x = 14 × 4 μm, n = 30), overlapping Pseudoparaphyses Asci 40–65 × 6–12 μm (x = biseriate, light brown, ellipsoidal, 1–2 μm (n = 30) wide, 48 × 10 μm, n = 20),8 spored, straight to slightly curved, with cellular, septate, flexuous, bitunicate, cylindric to 3 transverse septa, often slightly branched. claviform, short pedicellate. constricted at the median septum, with or without guttules.</td><td>Rhizophora apiculata and Aegiceras corniculatum</td><td>Devdatha et al. 2018</td></tr><tr><th>14.</th><td>H. calabash</td><td>Apothecia gregarious in little clusters on the substratum, straight or curved, reaching a length of 1 mm.</td><td>-</td><td>-</td><td>Asci clavate, reaching a length of 70 μm and a diameter of 10 μm.</td><td>8 spored; spores fusoid, 3 septate, slightly constricted at the septa, pale-brown, about 18 × 8 μm.</td><td>Crescentia cujete and Lagenaria siceraria</td><td>Seaver, F. J. 1924.</td></tr></tbody></table>......continued on the next page......continued on the next page

FIGURE 2 in Indian species of Shirozuellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), including a new species of Sasajiella Miyatake from Tamil Nadu

FIGURE 2. Sasajiella boothi sp. n.: a–c. abdominal postcoxal lines, variations; d. ventrite 6, female; e. ventrite 6, male; f. midleg; g. coxites; h–j. male genitalia: h. tegmen, lateral view; i. tegmen, ventral view; j. penis.

FIGURE 7 in Indian species of Shirozuellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), including a new species of Sasajiella Miyatake from Tamil Nadu

FIGURE 7. Promecopharus andrewesi Sicard: a. syntype (BMNH); b. identified material at BMNH; c–e. male genitalia: c. tegmen, lateral view; d. penis; e. tegmen, inner view.

FIGURE 6 in Indian species of Shirozuellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), including a new species of Sasajiella Miyatake from Tamil Nadu

FIGURE 6. Promecopharus andrewesi Sicard: a. habitus, dorsal; b. habitus, lateral; c, d. head; e. prosternum; f. foreleg; g. abdomen, male.

FIGURE 4 in Indian species of Shirozuellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), including a new species of Sasajiella Miyatake from Tamil Nadu

FIGURE 4. Ghanius karachiensis Ahmad: a, b. habitus, dorsal; c. head; d. abdominal postcoxal lines; e, f. male genitalia: e. tegmen, inner view; f. penis.

FIGURE 1 in Indian species of Shirozuellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), including a new species of Sasajiella Miyatake from Tamil Nadu

FIGURE 1. Sasajiella boothi sp. n.: a. habitus, dorsal; b. head and pronotum; c. antenna; d. mandibles; e. labium and maxilla; f. prosternum.

FIGURE 5 in Indian species of Shirozuellini (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), including a new species of Sasajiella Miyatake from Tamil Nadu

FIGURE 5. Life stages of Ghanius karachiensis: a–d. Larva feeding on Cerococcus sp.; e. pupa, dorsal view (with a single egg laid on the surface); f. pupa, ventral view; g. adult.