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Figure 10 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 10. Mantidactylus (Mantidactylus) radaka sp. nov. being prepared for human consumption. (a) Frogs and crabs are collected from broad streams. Then (b) the frogs are gutted and skinned, and the head, hands and feet removed. The frog is then rinsed in the stream, leaving (c) cleaned animals for cooking in a stew. Note the ovaries full with hundreds of eggs.

Figure 9 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 9. Preserved type specimens of the four nomina in the Mantidactylus subgenus Mantidactylus and one of the paralectotypes of Rana guttulata.

Figure 7 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 7. Photographs of living specimens of Mantidactylus (Mantidactylus) guttulatus, M. (M.) grandidieri, and of three candidate species. (a, b) M. (M.) guttulatus, female ZSM 1013/2003 (FGMV 2002.438) from Ranomafana. (c) Unidentified specimen from Ranomafana, assigned tentatively to M. (M.) guttulatus (no genetic evidence). (d, e) M. (M.) guttulatus, specimen KU 340853 (CRH729) from Ranomafana. (f) M. (M.) grandidieri, specimen ZSM 5077/2005 (ZCMV 2159) from Nosy Mangabe. (g) M. (M.) grandidieri, specimen ZSM 276/2005 (FGZC 2682) from Vohidrazana. (h) M. (M.) grandidieri, unidentified specimen (probably subadult) from Andranofotsy. (i, j) M. (M.) grandidieri, specimen KU

Figure 5. Per-base coverage plots for the 16S in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 5. Per-base coverage plots for the 16S fragment in four Mantidactylus type specimens from the MNHN and BMNH collections. (a) BMNH 1947.2.25.48 (paralectotype of Rana guttulata); (b) BMNH 1947.2.25.51 (paralectotype of Rana guttulata); (c) MNHN 1895.255 (syntype of M. grandidieri); (d) MNHN 1883.520 (syntype of M. grandidieri).

Figure 3 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 3. Haplotype network of the subgenus Mantidactylus based on 1227 bp of the nuclear RAG-1 gene from 39 samples. Small black dots represent additional mutational steps.

Figure 2 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 2. Diagonal matrix visualising the mean uncorrected genetic distances (p-distances) in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene between the different lineages in the subgenus Mantidactylus, calculated from 514 bp of the 16S mitochondrial gene.

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree obtained from 514 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 1. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree obtained from 514 bp of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The values at the nodes are the bootstrap supports (not given for intra-lineage nodes for improved clarity). The type specimens of M. guttulatus and M. grandidieri from the London and Paris museum collections are highlighted in red and brown, respectively.

Figure 4 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 4. Stacked barplots showing the number of reads uniquely matching different reference sequences for the three targeted mitochondrial genes with a similarity threshold of 98%. The Rana pigra type was not included because the number of reads was too low.

Figure 8 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 8. Lateral views of the heads of preserved adult males of Mantidactylus (Mantidactylus) radaka sp. nov. in comparison with M. (M.) guttulatus and M. (M.) grandidieri. Note the more distinct and larger tympanum (indicated by yellow arrows) in the latter two species. Not to scale.

Figure 6 in Target-enriched DNA sequencing from historical type material enables a partial revision of the Madagascar giant stream frogs (genus Mantidactylus)

Figure 6. Photographs of living specimens of Mantidactylus radaka sp. nov. (a, b) Male holotype ZSM 644/2001 (field number FGMV 2001.132) from Manarikoba forest, Tsaratanana Massif. (c–f) Female paratype ZSM 1800/2010 (ZCMV 12345) from Camp 1 (Antevialambazaha), Tsaratanana Massif. (g, h) Female paratype ZSM 97/2016 (MSZC 0080) from Ampotsidy. (i, j) Male paratype MSZC 0120 (uncatalogued in UADBA) from Ampotsidy. (k) Unidentified specimen from Camp 0 (Ankijagna Lagnana), Tsaratanana Massif. (l) Paratype ZSM 582/2014 (DRV 6073) from Camp 0 (Ankijagna Lagnana). (m, n) Unidentified female specimen from Manongarivo (Camp 0), probably preserved in UADBA collection.

FIGURE 4. Accalathura schotteae n in A re-description of Accalathura crenulata (Richardson, 1901) from type material and the description of two new Accalathura species (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoida)

FIGURE 4. Accalathura schotteae n. sp. USNM 1111739, holotype female, 12 mm. A, whole animal, dorsal view; B, pereopod 1; C, pereopod 2; D, maxilla; E, pereopod 3; F, distal end of pereopod 7; G, maxilliped; H, telson; I, uropodal exopod; J, mandible; K, uropodal endopod.

FIGURE 3. Accalathura kensleyi n in A re-description of Accalathura crenulata (Richardson, 1901) from type material and the description of two new Accalathura species (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoida)

FIGURE 3. Accalathura kensleyi n. sp. USNM 211350, paratype male, 25 mm (circles show setal inserts, where setae have been removed for clarity). A, pereopod 1 (15 mm TL); B, pereopod 1 (>20 mm TL); C, distal end of pereopod 2 (15 mm TL); D, distal end of pereopod 2 (>20 mm TL); E, distal end of uropodal peducle and endopod (>20 mm TL); F, antenna 1; G, antenna 2; J, pleopod 2 with appendix masculina. USNM #####, holotype female, 27 mm, H, pleopod 1; I, pleopod 2 (peduncle missing).

FIGURE 5. Accalathura schotteae n in A re-description of Accalathura crenulata (Richardson, 1901) from type material and the description of two new Accalathura species (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoida)

FIGURE 5. Accalathura schotteae n. sp. USNM 1111739, holotype female, 12 mm. A, pleopod 1; B, pleopod 2; UMML 32.9264, paratype male, 8.5 mm, C, pleopod 2 with appendix masculina.

FIGURE 1 in A re-description of Accalathura crenulata (Richardson, 1901) from type material and the description of two new Accalathura species (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoida)

FIGURE 1. Accalathura crenulata (Richardson, 1901), USNM 23900, syntype female, 30 mm (circles show setal inserts, where setae are missing). A, whole animal, dorsal view; B, pereopod 1; C, pereopod 2; D, dorsal view of telson and uropods; E, distal end of uropodal peduncle and endopod.

FIGURE 2. Accalathura kensleyi n in A re-description of Accalathura crenulata (Richardson, 1901) from type material and the description of two new Accalathura species (Crustacea: Isopoda: Cymothoida)

FIGURE 2. Accalathura kensleyi n. sp., USNM 211350, holotype female, 27 mm (circles show setal inserts, where setae have been removed for clarity). A, dorsal view of head and pereonite 1; B, pereopod 1 (with enlargement of long tuberculate seta at left and robust setulate seta at right); C, pereopod 2; D, pereopod 3; E, maxilliped; F, mandible; G, pereopod 4 (dactylus damaged); H, telson; I, uropodal peduncle and endopod; J, uropodal exopod; K, distal end of pereopod 7.

FIGURE 20 in A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC)

FIGURE 20. Comparisons of gnathopod 1 morphology of Metopa clypeata (A (outside), B (inside)), M. glacialis (C (outside), D (inside)), and M. groenlandica (E (inside)).

FIGURE 17. Metopa abyssalis Stephensen, 1931 in A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC)

FIGURE 17. Metopa abyssalis Stephensen, 1931, holotype, male, 4.5 mm, Iceland: maxilla 2, maxilliped, maxilla 1, left mandible, head. All scale bars are 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 12 in A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC)

FIGURE 12. Metopa glacialis Krøyer, 1842, new material from Spitsbergen, female, 7 mm: pereopod 5, pereopod 6, pereopod 7, telson, urosome, uropod 1, uropod 2. All scale bars are 0.1 mm.

FIGURE 16. Metopa groenlandica Hansen, 1888 in A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC)

FIGURE 16. Metopa groenlandica Hansen, 1888, female syntype, 5mm, Greenland: whole animal, SEM picture.

FIGURE 13. Metopa groenlandica Hansen, 1888 in A redescription of Metopa species (Amphipoda, Stenothoidae) based on the type material. 1. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen (ZMUC)

FIGURE 13. Metopa groenlandica Hansen, 1888, female, Dana st. 2408, 5mm, Greenland: left mandible, maxilla 1, maxilla 2, maxilliped, labium, labrum, head. All scale bars are 0.1 mm.