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324 results for “arabica”
Fig. 2 in Preliminary larvicidal effect of seed oil from Cleome arabica L. on fifth instar larvae of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Fig. 2. Variation over time of mortality rate observed in control L5 larvae treated with C. arabica seed oil.
Fig. 1 C-D in Preliminary larvicidal effect of seed oil from Cleome arabica L. on fifth instar larvae of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Fig. 1 C-D. Cleome arabica at fruiting stage (Oued Metlili, Region of Ghardaïa-Northern Algerian Sahara, April 2020). C) Fruiting brunches. D) Fruiting close-up.
Fig. 1 A-B in Preliminary larvicidal effect of seed oil from Cleome arabica L. on fifth instar larvae of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Fig. 1 A-B. Cleome arabica at fruiting stage (Oued Metlili, Region of Ghardaïa-Northern Algerian Sahara, April 2020). A) Whole plant. B) Seed.
Fig. 5 A-B in Preliminary larvicidal effect of seed oil from Cleome arabica L. on fifth instar larvae of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Fig. 5 A-B. Morphological abnormalities observed in L5 muer larvae of S. gregaria treated with C. arabica seed oil.
Fig. 4 A-B. Dead L5 in Preliminary larvicidal effect of seed oil from Cleome arabica L. on fifth instar larvae of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Fig. 4 A-B. Dead L5 larvae following the inability to molt observed in S. gregaria L5 treated with C. arabica seed oil.
Figure 5. Holopyga arabica Linsenmaier, 1994 in Contribution to the knowledge of the Chrysididae (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in the south of Iran, with nine new records
Figure 5. Holopyga arabica Linsenmaier, 1994: A) head, frontal view; B) head, dorsal view; C) pronotum, mesonotum and scutellum, dorsal view; D) pronotum, dorsal view; E) metasoma, dorsal view; F) habitus, dorsal view.
RNA-seq data of "Transcriptome analyses of leaves reveal that hexanoic acid priming differentially regulate gene expression in contrasting Coffea arabica cultivars"
<p>This dataset represent FASTQ gziped files from the study "Transcriptome analyses of leaves reveal that hexanoic acid priming differentially regulate gene expression in contrasting <em>Coffea arabica</em> cultivars" (<a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.735893">https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2021.735893</a>). Sequencing was done using an Illumina Novaseq 6000 instrument, paired-sequencing (2 X150 bp). Sample details are also available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/view/ERA6282544.</p> <p> </p> <p>All filenames have the following naming scheme:</p> <p>LCS7609_DS_AAA_leafBBB_(R1 or R2).fq.gz</p> <p>AAA stands for the abbreviations:</p> <p>- CC (Coffea arabica cv Catuai control)</p> <p>- CHx (Coffea arabica cv Catuai exposed to Hexanoic acid)</p> <p>- OC (Coffea arabica cv Obatã control)</p> <p>- OHx (Coffea arabica cv Obatã exposed to Hexanoic acid)</p> <p>BBB stands for the number of biological replicate (1, 2 or 3).</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Assessing the Cytotoxicity of Phenolic and Terpene Fractions Extracted from Iraqi Prunus arabica on AMJ-13 and SK-GT-4 Human Cancer Cell Lines
<p>Breast and esophagus cancer are the most aggressive and prominent causes of death worldwide. In addition, these cancers showed resistance to current chemotherapy regimens with limited success rates and fatal outcomes. Recently many studies reported the significant cytotoxic effects of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from various <em>Prunus</em> species against different cancer cell lines. This suggests the probability to be a candidate as an alternative or adjuvant to the current chemotherapeutic regimens. The study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of phenolic and terpene fractions extracted from Iraqi <em>Prunus arabica</em> on breast (AMJ-13) and esophagus (SK-GT-4) cancer cell lines by using the MTT assay. Analysis using Chou-Talalay method performed to assess the synergistic effect between the extracted fractions and chemotherapeutic agent (docetaxel). Moreover, HPLC analysis has been conducted for the quantitative determination of different bioactive molecule of both phenolic and terpene fractions in the extract. According to the findings, the treatment modalities significantly decreased cancer cell viability of AMJ-13 and SK-GT-4 and had insignificant cytotoxicity on the normal cells (normal human fibroblast cell line) (all less than 50% cytotoxicity). Analyzing with Chou-Talalay showed a strong synergism with docetaxel on both cancer cell lines (higher cytotoxicity even in low concentrations) and failed to induce a cytotoxicity on the normal cells. Important flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids were detected by HPLC in the particularly ferulic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, B sitosterol, and campesterol. In conclusion, the extracted fractions selectively inhibited the proliferation of both cancer cell and showed minimal cytotoxicity on normal cells. Thus, the study suggested the possible natural source of selected fractions as breast and esophagus cancer drugs</p>
Figure 1 in First report of Aethalion reticulatum (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) infesting plants of Coffea arabica (Linnaeus, 1753) (Rubiaceae)
Figure 1: Aethalion reticulatum (Linnaeus, 1767) (Hemiptera: Aethalionidae) and Coffea arabica (Linnaeus, 1753) (Rubiaceae). (A) Coffee crop cultivation Mundo Novo 379-19, (B) Inflorescence of C. arabica, (C and D) colony of A. reticulatum in the C. arabica plant and Camponotus spp. ants.
Spatial variation in current and historical management of Arabica coffee across forests in its indigenous distribution
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The genome and population genomics of allopolyploid Coffea arabica reveal the diversification history of modern coffee cultivars
<div> <p><em>Coffea arabica</em>, an allotetraploid hybrid of <em>C. eugenioides</em> and <em>C. canephora</em>, is the source of approximately 60% of coffee products worldwide, and its cultivated accessions have undergone several population bottlenecks. We present chromosome-level assemblies of a di-haploid <em>C. arabica</em> accession and modern representatives of its diploid progenitors, <em>C. eugenioides</em> and <em>C. canephora</em>. The three species exhibit largely conserved genome structures between diploid parents and descendant subgenomes, with no obvious global subgenome dominance. We find evidence for a founding polyploidy event 350,000-610,000 years ago, followed by several pre-domestication bottlenecks, resulting in narrow genetic variation. A split between wild accessions and cultivar progenitors occurred ∼30.5 kya, followed by a period of migration between the two populations. Analysis of modern varieties, including lines historically introgressed with <em>C. canephora</em>, highlights their breeding histories and loci that may contribute to pathogen resistance, laying the groundwork for future genomics-based breeding of <em>C. arabica</em>.</p> </div>
Impact of climate on a host-hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee in its native range
<p>Natural enemies of plant pathogens might play an important role in controlling plant disease levels in natural and agricultural systems. Yet, plant pathogen-natural enemy interactions might be sensitive to climatic changes. Understanding the relationship between climate, plant pathogens, and their natural enemies is thus important for developing climate-resilient, sustainable agriculture.</p> <p>To this aim, we recorded shade cover, daily minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, coffee leaf rust, and its hyperparasite at 58 sites in southwestern Ethiopia during the dry and wet season for two years. </p> <p>Coffee leaf rust severity was positively related to the maximum temperature. Hyperparasite severity was higher when the minimum temperature was low (i.e. in places with cold night temperatures). While canopy cover did not have a direct effect on rust severity, it reduced rust severity indirectly by lowering the maximum temperature. Canopy cover had a direct positive effect on the hyperparasite severity during one surveying period. </p> <p><em><strong>Synthesis and applications.</strong></em> Our findings highlight that coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite are both affected by shade cover and temperature, but in different ways. On the one hand, these niche differences lead to the worrying prediction that levels of coffee leaf rust will increase, and its hyperparasite will decrease, with climate change. On the other hand, these niche differences between coffee leaf rust and its hyperparasite provide opportunities to develop strategies to manage the environment (such as shade cover and microclimate) in such a way that the rust is disfavored and the hyperparasite is favored.</p>
Fig. 3 in Preliminary larvicidal effect of seed oil from Cleome arabica L. on fifth instar larvae of Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Fig. 3. Blackening observed in L5 larvae of S. gregaria treated with C. arabica seed oil.
Fig. 3.5 Merizomena arabica gonocoxite 1,2 and laterotergite 9 in A taxonomic revision of the genus Merizomena Chaudoir, 1873 (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Lebiini)
Fig. 3.5 Merizomena arabica gonocoxite 1,2 and laterotergite 9, Wadi Muqshin, scale 0.5 mm.
Management intensity affects insect pests and natural pest control on Arabica coffee in its native range
<p><span>Agroforestry systems provide opportunities to reduce the trade-off between agricultural production and biodiversity, for example by enhancing a diverse community of species potentially acting as natural pest control agents. While management of agroforestry systems is intensifying across the globe, we lack insights into the impact of management intensity on pest levels and natural pest control, especially along broad management gradients and as compared with natural forests. </span></p> <p><span>We assessed the impact of management intensity on major insect pests (the coffee blotch miner, the serpentine leaf miner, the coffee leaf skeletonizer, and damage by other free-feeding herbivores) and natural pest control by parasitoid wasps across sixty sites in the center of origin of Arabica coffee in southwestern Ethiopia. Within this region, coffee is growing along a broad management gradient ranging from little or no management in the natural forest to intensively managed commercial plantations. </span></p> <p><span>In the wet season, pest levels were largely similar in the natural forest, semi-forest, and semi-plantation systems, whereas pests reached outbreak densities in the most intensively managed plantation system. In contrast, management intensity did not significantly affect pest levels</span><span> in the dry season</span><span>. The insect pests differed in their seasonal dynamics, consistently declined with elevation, and were largely unaffected by shade levels. Parasitism rate of the coffee blotch miner was lower, and the parasitoid community was distinct, in the most intensively managed plantation system. </span></p> <p><span><em><strong>Synthesis and applications</strong></em>: Our findings support the hypothesis that the weaker top-down control by parasitoids in the intensively managed plantation sites leads to higher pest levels, and that – at least for some pest species – there is a threshold in the effect of management intensity on pest levels and natural pest control. It is important to consider such non-linear relationships to maintain or enhance the sustainability of agroforestry systems during management intensification. Overall, our findings highlight that ecological knowledge of natural pest control can be used to intensify production to improve the livelihood of smallholders without jeopardizing natural pest control, at least up to a certain point. </span></p>
Management intensity affects insect pests and natural pest control on Arabica coffee in its native range
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The genome and population genomics of allopolyploid Coffea arabica reveal the diversification history of modern coffee cultivars
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Impact of climate on a host-hyperparasite interaction on Arabica coffee in its native range
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Temporal dynamics and biocontrol potential of a hyperparasite on coffee leaf rust across a landscape in Arabica coffee's native range
<p>Agroforestry systems can provide habitats for rich biodiversity including multitrophic interactions, which presents opportunities to develop natural pest control. Shade coffee systems in several coffee-growing areas of the world host such unique habitats where pests and their natural enemies interact. One of the major global challenges for coffee production, coffee leaf rust caused by the fungal pathogen <i>Hemileia vastatrix</i> is attacked by the fungal hyperparasite, <i>Lecanicillium lecanii</i>. However, we lack insights in the dynamics and biocontrol potential of the hyperparasite on coffee leaf rust from landscapes in Arabica coffee's native range. To understand the temporal dynamics across landscapes and environmental drivers of the rust and hyperparasite, and the potential for biocontrol of the rust by the hyperparasite, we studied the rust and hyperparasite during the dry and wet seasons for three consecutive years at 60 sites across a gradient of coffee management in southwestern Ethiopia. We found that coffee leaf rust was more severe during the dry season, whereas the hyperparasite was more severe during the wet season in two out of three years. The rust growth rate from the wet to the dry season transition was negatively related to the hyperparasite index during the wet season, implying a potential top-down control. Coffee leaf rust was generally more severe at lower altitudes in the dry season, whereas the hyperparasite was more severe at high altitude. The rust incidence increased with management intensity, while the hyperparasite was more common under less intensive management. This study could be interesting in that it represents a landscape where Arabica coffee originated and the rust and hyperparasite might have a long co-evolutionary history. Our findings highlight the potential of the hyperparasite to suppress the rust's growth rate from the wet to dry season transition when the rust severity could otherwise be at its peak. We show that less intensively managed landscapes with dense shade levels are likely to increase hyperparasite abundance and result in an improved top-down control of the rust. However, more detailed knowledge is needed on the interaction of these species to assess its importance for reducing rust induced yield losses or the risk of rust outbreaks.</p>
Data from: Utility of island populations in reintroduction programs—relationships between Arabian gazelles (Gazella arabica) from the Farasan Archipelago and endangered mainland populations
Understanding local adaptation and population differentiation is vital to the success of reintroduction initiatives. Like other mammals living on islands, Arabian gazelles (G. arabica) show reduced body size on the Farasan archipelago, which we corroborated in this study through morphometric analyses of skulls. In light of the steep population decline on the Arabian Peninsula—but stable population development on the archipelago—we tested the potential suitability of Farasan gazelles as a source for reintroductions on the mainland. We, therefore, investigated genetic differentiation between Farasan and mainland populations using eleven nuclear microsatellite loci and detected a distinct genetic cluster exclusively present on the archipelago, which we inferred to be separated from the mainland cluster for less than 2,000 years. About 30% of sampled individuals from Farasan Islands showed assignment to a mainland cluster with signs of ongoing introgression. Analyses using the Isolation-with-Migration model confirmed recent (probably human-induced) bidirectional exchange of gazelles between mainland and island populations. Hence, the surprisingly uniform island dwarfism most likely reflects phenotypic plasticity, i.e., altered morphology as a direct consequence of harsh environmental conditions and resource limitation on the archipelago. Should a further decline of Arabian gazelles on the mainland necessitate restocking in the future, Farasan gazelles may thus become an additional source for captive breeding programs.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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