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opennotspecifiedJun 2018View details →

FIGURE 3 in Molecular evidence for conspecificity of two desert Liolaemus lizards (Iguania: Liolaemidae)

FIGURE 3. Specimens of Liolaemus audituvelatus collected near Caspana, 65 km north of San Pedro de Atacama, Antofagasta Region (MUAP-113 (LNC135) and MUAP-114 (LNC136)).

opennotspecifiedAug 2013View details →

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic relationships among the 26 in A multigene phylogeny demonstrates that Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum are conspecific

Fig. 1 Phylogenetic relationships among the 26 Tuber aestivumuncinatum isolates inferred using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) from the concatenated nine-gene data set (4,722 bp total). The same topology was obtained for both phylogenetic analyses after 1,000 bootstrap replicates for ML and 2,000,000 generations for BI using the GTR+G model for both analyses. The tree is rooted with T. macrosporum and T. magnatum (in italics). Only bootstrap values higher than 70 % (number above) and posterior probabilities higher than 0.95 (number below) are indicated. The two pre-assigned types T. aestivum and T. uncinatum are indicated by A (boldface) and U, respectively. The geographic origin is indicated after for each sample ID

opennotspecifiedAug 2013View details →

Fig. 2 Coalescent tree reconstruction for all concatenated genes. Only posterior probabilities higher than 0.95 in A multigene phylogeny demonstrates that Tuber aestivum and Tuber uncinatum are conspecific

Fig. 2 Coalescent tree reconstruction for all concatenated genes. Only posterior probabilities higher than 0.95 are indicated. The tree is rooted with MAC (T. macrosporum) and MAG (T. magnatum)

FIGURE 2 in Semenovia torilifolia is conspecific with S. malcolmii (Apiaceae) based on morphology and molecular data

FIGURE 2. Primary pinnae of basal leaves in Semenovia malcolmii, showing variation of terminal leaf lobes shape. Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 1. A in Semenovia torilifolia is conspecific with S. malcolmii (Apiaceae) based on morphology and molecular data

FIGURE 1. A map of the sampling sites used in this study. Purple and gray dots indicate that our collecting samples were identified as S. torilifolia and S. malcolmii based on the type specimens and protologues, respectively.

FIGURE 5 in Semenovia torilifolia is conspecific with S. malcolmii (Apiaceae) based on morphology and molecular data

FIGURE 5. Phylogenetic tree obtained from Bayesian inference of the combined ITS and ETS sequences from Apiaceae tribe Tordylieae and outgroups, onto which two color dots have been mapped. This tree was highly consistent with those inferred using maximum parsimony. The names of the major clades are based on previous studies (Logacheva et al. 2010). The BS and PP values are shown for the clades (BS/PP) (only those greater than 50% and 0.5 are shown).

FIGURE 4 in Semenovia torilifolia is conspecific with S. malcolmii (Apiaceae) based on morphology and molecular data

FIGURE 4.The dorsal (A) and commissural view (B) of mericarp in Semenovia malcolmii, showing the variation of fruits shape and mericarp vittae length. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Semenovia torilifolia is conspecific with S. malcolmii (Apiaceae) based on morphology and molecular data

FIGURE 3. Variation of petals color, the marginal petals size and bracteoles shape in Semenovia malcolmii: (A) the adaxial and (B) abaxial sides of umbellets. Scale bars = 5 mm.

FIGURE 6 in Ranunculus angustisepalus (Ranunculaceae) is an Oxygraphis and conspecific with O. delavayi

FIGURE 6. Oxygraphis delavayi in the wild. A. Galongla Shan, Bomi, southeastern Xizang, China. B. Dêqên-Gongshan pass, northwestern Yunnan, China.

FIGURE 5 in Ranunculus angustisepalus (Ranunculaceae) is an Oxygraphis and conspecific with O. delavayi

FIGURE 5. Specimens of Oxygraphis delavayi from Weixi, northwestern Yunnan, China. A, B. PE Hengduan Shan Exped. 1498 (PE). C, D. K.M. Feng 4272 (KUN).

FIGURE 4 in Ranunculus angustisepalus (Ranunculaceae) is an Oxygraphis and conspecific with O. delavayi

FIGURE 4. Specimens of Oxygraphis delavayi from southeastern Xizang, China. A. Bomi, T.S. Ying & D.Y. Hong 1172 (PE). B. Mainling, B.S. Li & S.Z. Cheng 5465 (PE). C. Mêdog, S.Z. Cheng & B.S. Li 116 (PE). D. Nyingchi, W. L. Zheng 1085 (XZE, holotype of O. delavayi var. nyingchiensis).

FIGURE 2 in Ranunculus angustisepalus (Ranunculaceae) is an Oxygraphis and conspecific with O. delavayi

FIGURE 2. Isotype sheets of Ranunculus angustisepalus (= Oxygraphis delavayi). The insets show various flowers with the sepals, petals or stamens having at least partly fallen.

FIGURE 1 in Ranunculus angustisepalus (Ranunculaceae) is an Oxygraphis and conspecific with O. delavayi

FIGURE 1. Holotype sheet of Ranunculus angustisepalus (= Oxygraphis delavayi). Inset (left): flower, with the petals and most of the stamens having fallen. Inset (right): fruit (immature).

opennotspecifiedApr 2018View details →

FIGURE 2 in Thalictrum argyi (Ranunculaceae) is conspecific with T. fortunei, not T. javanicum

FIGURE 2. Lectotype (A), isolectotype (B-in part, the lower specimen) and two syntype (B-in part, the upper two specimens) sheets of Thalictrum fortunei.

FIGURE 8 in Betaphycus gelatinus and B. philippinensis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) are conspecific

FIGURE 8. rbcL-based phylogenetic tree of B. gelatinus with other eucheumatoid species. Values at nodes correspond to ML bootstrap/ BI posterior probability. The right bars indicate species delimited per MSD test. GenBank accession numbers are indicated for each node.

FIGURE 10. cox2-3 in Betaphycus gelatinus and B. philippinensis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) are conspecific

FIGURE 10. cox2-3-based phylogenetic tree of B. gelatinus with other eucheumatoid species. Values at nodes correspond to ML bootstrap/ BI posterior probability. The right bars indicate species delimited per MSD test. Sample codes indicate previously assigned haplotype names with corresponding GenBank accession numbers.

FIGURES 1–7 in Betaphycus gelatinus and B. philippinensis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) are conspecific

FIGURES 1–7. Morphology of Betaphycus gelatinus from the Philippines. 1. Gross vegetative habit of B. gelatinus, FEUH03023. Scale = 2 cm. 2. Ventral portion of a flattened thallus of B. gelatinus showing numerous protuberances, FEUH03023. Scale =1 cm. 3. Cross section of a branch of B. gelatinus showing flattened central rhizoidal filaments (boxed), FEUH03023. Scale = 200 μm. 4. A close image of B. gelatinus rhizoidal filaments, FEUH03023. Scale = 40 μm 5. Gross habit of a female B. gelatinus, FEUH03025. Scale = 2 cm. 6. A branch portion of a female B. gelatinus showing stalked carpospores developed ventrally, FEUH03025. Scale = 1 cm. 7. A cross section of a B. gelatinus cystocarp revealing central fusion cells (F) and carpospores (C), which together surrounded by a pericarp (P), FEUH03025. Scale = 250 μm.

FIGURE 9. COI-5P in Betaphycus gelatinus and B. philippinensis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) are conspecific

FIGURE 9. COI-5P-based phylogenetic tree of B. gelatinus with other eucheumatoid species. Values at nodes correspond to ML bootstrap/ BI posterior probability. The right bars indicate species delimited per MSD test. Sample codes indicate previously assigned haplotype names with corresponding GenBank accession numbers.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

dryad32/100

Data from: Experimentally provided conspecific cues boost bird territory density but not breeding performance

Decision-making during different life-history stages requires information, which is obtained through own or others' experience and interaction with the environment. In birds, song is important for territory defense and mate attraction. Although song has evolved to purposely convey information, it can be inadvertently exploited by conspecifics. Experiments attempting to attract focal species by playing back their song are numerous, yet the consequences for reproductive performance remain little understood. In 2013 and 2014, settlement, reproduction, and extrapair paternity of Phylloscopus sibilatrix were assessed in a randomized experiment. We hypothesized that territory number, reproductive performance, and extrapair paternity would be higher on song plots (wood warbler song playbacks during prebreeding periods) than on control plots (no wood warbler song playback). On song plots, 3 times more territories were established, settlement occurred faster, and maximum plot occupancy was higher compared with control plots. Pairing rate, daily nest survival rate, mean clutch size, mean number of nestlings and fledglings, rates of extrapair young, nest abandonment, and nest predation did not differ between treatments, but fledging success was lower on song plots compared with control plots. This study shows the important role social cues can play for territory selection of birds, but also exemplifies the necessity for postattraction evaluation of reproduction to rule out negative effects of artificial attraction. Decreased fledging success on song plots and ambiguity about consequences of artificial attraction for distribution and settling dynamics of the species give reason to further evaluate whether acoustic attraction represents a suitable method for songbird conservation.