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Fig. 4 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 4. Phylogenetic relationships of species of Rugopharynx and Rugonema labiatum based on a neighbor-joining analysis of the sequence data of the ITS+ nuclear ribosomal DNA. Values above and below branches represent the NJ and MP bootstrap values (respectively) that were greater than 70%.

Fig. 3 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships of species of Rugopharynx and Rugonema labiatum based on a Bayesian analysis of the sequence data of the ITS+ nuclear ribosomal DNA. Values above branches indicate posterior probabilities that were greater than 0.8. Abbreviations of Australian state names are provided in Table 1.

Fig. 2 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 2. Morphological buccal capsule types in the genus Rugopharynx. I, simple cylindrical buccal capsule, R. macropodis; IIA, bilobed buccal capsule with subequal divisions, R. epsilon; IIB, bilobed buccal capsule with anterior lobe shorter, R. rufogrisea; III, trilobed buccal capsule, R. longibursaris.

Fig. 1 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 1. Localities within Australia at which specimens of Rugopharynx used in this study were collected. Coordinates for each locality are provided in Table 1. 1, Lake Clifton; 2, Waroona; 3, Collie, Wellington Dam; 4, Perup River; 5, Kalgoorlie; 6, Wallerberdina Station; 7, Port Augusta; 8, Ashbourne; 9, Kangaroo Island; 10, Naracoorte; 11, Hattah Lakes National Park; 12, Yan Yean; 13, The Gurdies; 14, Launceston; 15, Emu Flat, Bondo State Forest; 16, Trangie; 17, Grafton; 18, Lamington National Park; 19, Miles; 20, Dawes; 21, Mt Sebastopol; 22, Rockhampton; 23, Winton; 24, Proserpine; 25, Bowen; 26, Magnetic Island; 27, Lake Barrine.

Fig. 5 in Detection of cryptic species of Rugopharynx (Nematoda: Strongylida) from the stomachs of Australian macropodid marsupials

Fig. 5. Molecular phylogeny of species of Rugopharynx and Rugonema labiatum based on a consensus of the BI, NJ and MP trees (Figs. 3 and 4), and the relationships of their hosts. This figure includes species of Macropus (M. agilis, M. antilopinus, M. bernardus) which are not hosts to species of Rugopharynx, as well as M. parma, from which no material could be obtained for genetic studies. Only those species of Petrogale included in this study are shown on the host tree. The morphology of the buccal capsule for each nematode taxon is also shown.

Fig. 4 in Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?

Fig. 4. Parasite abundance as a function of amphipod body size (used as a proxy for age) in each of the 8 amphipod MOTUs. The polynomial effect of body size on parasite abundance is modeled with a general mixed effect linear model with a Poisson distribution and a log link function. The y axis is in log scale for representation purposes. Body size is rescaled to initial values in the graph for representation purposes. Predicted curves are represented in plain black lines with their standard errors in dotted lines.

Fig. 2 in Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?

Fig. 2. Mean parasite prevalences (proportion of infected individuals in %) among amphipod populations/sampling sites and their bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals in the different MOTUs sampled and for the three acanthocephalan species, separately and overall (all three parasites grouped). Overall prevalences in MOTUs assigned different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Fig. 1 in Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?

Fig. 1. Genetic divergence levels (%) among MOTUs of the G. fossarum/G. pulex species complex found in our sampling sites/rivers. Gammarus roeseli was identified morphologically rather than genetically.

Fig. 3 in Variations in infection levels and parasite-induced mortality among sympatric cryptic lineages of native amphipods and a congeneric invasive species: Are native hosts always losing?

Fig. 3. Mean parasite abundances (mean number of acanthocephalan larvae per individual host) among amphipod populations/sampling sites and their bootstrapped 95% confidence intervals in the different MOTUs sampled and for the three acanthocephalan species, separately and overall (all three parasites grouped). Overall abundances in MOTUs assigned different letters are significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Fig. 48 Partial Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences for 14 in Cryptic, adaptive radiation of endoparasitic snails: sibling species of Leptoconchus (Gastropoda: Coralliophilidae) in corals

Fig. 48 Partial Cytochrome Oxidase I sequences for 14 species of Leptoconchus; for each species, the respective combination of underlined nucleotides is considered diagnostic

Fig. 5 in Cryptic, adaptive radiation of endoparasitic snails: sibling species of Leptoconchus (Gastropoda: Coralliophilidae) in corals

Fig. 5 Transversional (solid circles) and transitional (open circles) rates in pairwise comparisons between COI sequences plotted against rates of all substitutions; rates calculated using Paup 4.0b10 (Swofford 2002)

Fig. 2 in Cryptic, adaptive radiation of endoparasitic snails: sibling species of Leptoconchus (Gastropoda: Coralliophilidae) in corals

Fig. 2 Map of Indo-Pacific region from Red Sea to Papua New Guinea, with research localities 1–10 (1= Egypt, Red Sea, Marsa Nakari c. 350 km S of Hurghada; 2 =Oman; 3=Maldives, Ari Atoll, Vilamendhoo Island; 4=Thailand, Krabi, PhiPhi Islands; 5=Palau; 6 =

Fig. 1 in Cryptic, adaptive radiation of endoparasitic snails: sibling species of Leptoconchus (Gastropoda: Coralliophilidae) in corals

Fig. 1 Leptoconchus snails inside of mushroom corals. a Coral broken to reveal gastropod endoparasites; arrow indicates snail about 2 cm in diameter. b Detail of upper surface of coral; arrow indicates snail's only opening to the outside world, a siphon extended through a 2–3 mm hole. c Detail of underside of coral; arrows indicate male left

opencc-zeroJul 2024View details →

Linked collectors and determiners for: Cryptic or underworked? Taxonomic revision of the Antistrophus rufus species complex (Cynipoidea, Aulacideini).

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Cryptic or underworked? Taxonomic revision of the Antistrophus rufus species complex (Cynipoidea, Aulacideini)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="http://bionomia.net/dataset/292c865a-0500-47bd-9f17-b5a57aeb4e34">https://bionomia.net/dataset/292c865a-0500-47bd-9f17-b5a57aeb4e34</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/292c865a-0500-47bd-9f17-b5a57aeb4e34">https://gbif.org/dataset/292c865a-0500-47bd-9f17-b5a57aeb4e34</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Fig. 2. Simplified neighbor-joining tree reconstructed from partial cox1 in Lurking in the dark: Cryptic Strongyloides in a Bornean slow loris

Fig. 2. Simplified neighbor-joining tree reconstructed from partial cox1 gene (716 bp) sequences of Strongyloides spp. S. fuelleborni sequences for Bornean primates cluster within the S. fuelleborni group, together with previously described sequences for the parasite found in African and Japanese primates. The S. stercoralis cluster includes sequences from humans from Laos, Africa and Japan, captive chimpanzees, and dogs. The Strongyloides sp. cluster corresponds to sequences from the slow loris. An alternative hypothesis is presented next to the tree, where instead of representing a different species, Strongyloides sp. would be part of a cryptic assemblage within the S. stercoralis group.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2018View details →

Fig. 1. Sampling sites within Lots 6 and 7 in Lurking in the dark: Cryptic Strongyloides in a Bornean slow loris

Fig. 1. Sampling sites within Lots 6 and 7 of the Lower Kinabatangan Wildlife Sanctuary, Malaysian Borneo (Nm = Nycticebus menagensis, Pp = Pongo pygmaeus, Mf = Macaca fascicularis, Nl = Nasalis larvatus, Tc = Trachypithecus cristatus, DGFC = Danau Girang Field Centre).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

FIGURE 2 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)

FIGURE 2 The distribution of two species of marbled newts over the western part of the Iberian Peninsula, as inferred from the morphological character Nlinks. Triturus marmoratus is shown in two shades of blue, T. pygmaeus in two shades of red and four localities with both species are shown in grey (see colour legend). The spatial extrapolation does not exceed ca. 50 km. Note that southern Iberian populations are all T. pygmaeus, irrespective of high (cluster C1), low (C2), or bimodal Nlink counts (Doñana National Park). Populations that were studied morphometrically are highlighted by a box. The type locality for T. pygmaeus lusitanicus ssp. nov. is Granja, Portugal and is marked by an asterisk.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

FIGURE 4 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)

FIGURE 4 Morphological and genetic variation in Triturus pygmaeus from in and around Doñana National Park (DNP). A – histograms of Nlink counts for four population groups with, from top to bottom: southwestern cluster of T. pygmaeus (localities 65, 436, 438 and 1004 in the south of Portugal, together marked C1 in fig. 2), populations in the northern section of DNP (ER, locality 1005 and BS, locality 1006), population in the southern section of DNP (locality 271) and the Betic cluster of T. pygmaeus (localities 270, 463, 465 and 1003 in the very south of Spain, together marked C2 in fig. 1). Exceptionally, the northern Doñana museum material contains 15 juvenile specimens (open bars) along with three adults (shaded bars). B – geographical cline in microsatellite genetic variation. The horizontal axis shows 'Distance from the Guadalquivir River' in km and the vertical axis presents Structure Q-scores. The solid round symbols represent populations and the grey area shows the 95% credibility interval. The Structure Q-scores were extracted from a published figure (Albert & García-Navas, 2022: Figure 4) and are unavoidably imprecise. The position of the 'Torre Carbonero', a cultural landmark at the Doñana beach, is shown by an arrow (TC). Three populations with morphological data available, that can be associated to the transect are El Rocío (arrow marked ER) and the biological station (BS) in northern Doñana and Zacallón C. de los Junqueros in southern Doñana (arrow marked 271). For details, see table 1 and supplementary table S1.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

FIGURE 3 in Morphological and genetic diversification of Old-World marbled newts, with the description of a new and 'not-at-all-cryptic' subspecies from the Iberian Peninsula (Triturus, Salamandridae)

FIGURE 3 Nine marbled newts from three (sub)species each in dorsal and ventral view. Link counts for the left and right side of the body are given in parentheses. Top row – Triturus marmoratus from Jublains, France; left male (3, 2) and right female (1, 1). Middle row – T. pygmaeus lusitanicus ssp. nov. from Cardeña, Spain; from left to right female (2, 4), male (4, 3) and male (4, 5). Bottom row – T. p. pygmaeus from Salinas, Spain; from left to right male (2, 1), male (1, 2) male (2,0) and female (3, 1). Note that the colour pattern in T. marmoratus and T. p. pygmaeus is horizontally banded whereas in T. p. lusitanicus ssp. nov. it is reticulated. PHOTOGRAPHY L. A. VAN DER LAAN