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2,009 results for “disruption”
Data from: Disruption of the ascending arousal network in acute traumatic disorders of consciousness
Objective: To determine whether ascending arousal network (AAN) connectivity is reduced in patients presenting with traumatic coma. Methods: We performed high angular resolution diffusion imaging (HARDI) in 16 patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury who were comatose on admission and in 16 matched controls. We used probabilistic tractography to measure the connectivity probability (CP) of AAN axonal pathways linking the brainstem tegmentum to the hypothalamus, thalamus and basal forebrain. To assess the spatial specificity of CP differences between patients and controls, we also measured CP within four subcortical pathways outside the AAN. Results: Compared to controls, patients showed a reduction in AAN pathways connecting the brainstem tegmentum to a region of interest encompassing the hypothalamus, thalamus, and basal forebrain. Examining each pathway individually, brainstem-hypothalamus and brainstem-thalamus CPs, but not brainstem-forebrain CP, were significantly reduced in patients. Only one subcortical pathway outside the AAN showed reduced CP in patients. Conclusions: We provide initial evidence for the reduced integrity of axonal pathways linking the brainstem tegmentum to the hypothalamus and thalamus in patients presenting with traumatic coma. Our findings support current conceptual models of coma as being caused by subcortical AAN injury. AAN connectivity mapping provides an opportunity to advance the study of human coma and consciousness.
Data from: Prevalence of disruptive selection predicts extent of species differentiation in Lake Victoria cichlids
Theory suggests that speciation with gene flow is most likely when both sexual and ecological selection are divergent or disruptive. Divergent sexual and natural selection on the visual system have been demonstrated before in sympatric, morphologically similar, sister species of Lake Victoria cichlids, but this does not explain the subtle morphological differences between them. To investigate the significance of natural selection on morphology during speciation, we here ask whether the prevalence of disruptive ecological selection differs between sympatric sister species that are at different stages of speciation. Some of our species pairs do (Pundamilia) and others do not (Neochromis) differ distinctively in sexually selected male nuptial coloration. We find that 1) evidence for disruptive selection and for evolutionary response to it, is prevalent in traits that are differentiated between sister species; 2) prevalence of both predicts the extent of genetic differentiation; 3) genetic differentiation is weaker in species pairs with conserved male nuptial coloration. Our results speak to the existence of two different mechanisms of speciation with gene flow: speciation mainly by sexual selection tightly followed by ecological character displacement in some cases and speciation mainly by divergent ecological selection in others.
Data from: Weak disruptive selection and incomplete phenotypic divergence in two classic examples of sympatric speciation: Cameroon crater lake cichlids
Recent documentation of a few compelling examples of sympatric speciation led to a proliferation of theoretical models. Unfortunately, plausible examples from nature have rarely been used to test model predictions, such as the initial presence of strong disruptive selection. Here I estimated the form and strength of selection in two classic examples of sympatric speciation: radiations of Cameroon cichlids restricted to lakes Barombi Mbo and Ejagham. I measured five functional traits and relative growth rates in over 500 individuals within incipient species complexes from each lake. Disruptive selection was prevalent in both groups on single and multivariate trait axes, but weak relative to stabilizing selection on other traits and most published estimates of disruptive selection. Furthermore, despite genetic structure, assortative mating, and bimodal species-diagnostic coloration, trait distributions were unimodal in both species complexes, indicating the earliest stages of speciation. Long waiting times or incomplete sympatric speciation may result when disruptive selection is initially weak. Alternatively, I present evidence of additional constraints in both species complexes, including weak linkage between coloration and morphology, reduced morphological variance aligned with nonlinear selection surfaces, and minimal ecological divergence. While other species within these radiations show complete phenotypic separation, morphological and ecological divergence in these species complexes may be slow or incomplete outside optimal parameter ranges, in contrast to rapid divergence of their sexual coloration.
Data from: Disruptive viability selection on a black plumage trait associated with dominance
Traits used in communication, such as colour signals, are expected to have positive consequences for reproductive success, but their associations with survival are little understood. Previous studies have mainly investigated linear relationships between signals and survival, but both hump-shaped and U-shaped relationships can also be predicted, depending on the main costs involved in trait expression. Furthermore, few studies have taken the plasticity of signals into account in viability selection analyses. The relationship between signal expression and survival is of particular interest in melanin-based traits, because their main costs are still debated. Here, we first determined the main factors explaining variability in a melanin-based trait linked to dominance: the bib size of a colonial bird, the sociable weaver Philetairus socius. We then used these analyses to obtain a measure representative of the individual mean expression of bib size. Finally, we used capture-recapture models to study how survival varied in relation to bib size. Variation in bib size was strongly affected by year and moderately affected by age, body condition and colony size. In addition, individuals bearing small and large bibs had higher survival than those with intermediate bibs, and this U-shaped relationship between survival and bib size appeared to be more pronounced in some years than others. These results constitute a rare example of disruptive viability selection, and point towards the potential importance of social costs incurred by the dominance signalling function of badges of status.
Disruptive selection of shell colour in land snails: a mark–recapture study of Euhadra peliomphala simodae
<p>Many theoretical studies have suggested that disruptive selection plays an important role in phenotypic divergence, but few studies have determined the action of disruptive selection on phenotypic divergence via field studies. This study investigated the effect of disruptive selection on shell colour polymorphism in the Japanese land snail <i>Euhadra peliomphala simodae</i> to determine whether extreme phenotypes of snail shell colour are favored over intermediate phenotypes<i>.</i> We conducted field surveys on an oceanic island with black, yellow, and intermediate-coloured <i>E. p. simodae</i>snails, capturing and marking approximately 1,800 individual snail and monitoring their survival over 18 months. We quantified their shell colours against images and examined the frequency distribution of shell colour variation. The variation exhibited a bimodal distribution with a far lower frequency of intermediate-coloured snails than of black oryellow snails. The population sizes of the three snail groups fluctuated synchronously with the changing seasons. Bayesian estimates showed lower survival rates for the juvenile intermediate-coloured snails than for juvenile black and yellow snails, implying there was disruptive selection associated with shell colour. We suggest this disruptive selection may have resulted in the evolutionary divergence of the snail's shell colour within the lineage having high shell colour variations.</p>
The effect of pre-existing islands on disruption mitigation in MHD simulations of DIII-D
<p>Data underlying all figures. </p>
Data for "Climate change will reduce inland wetland areas and disrupt their seasonal regimes in North America"
<p>Dataset in matlab format that used to plot figures in the manuscript of Climate change will reduce inland wetland areas and disrupt their seasonal regimes in North America. Using load Figure#.mat in Figure#.m to plot corresponding figure. </p>
Disrupting abnormal neuronal oscillations with adaptive delayed feedback control
<p>This dataset contains the spike data of the experiments performed for the paper:</p><p><strong>Domingos Leite de Castro, Miguel Aroso, A. Pedro Aguiar, David B. Grayden, Paulo Aguiar, "Disrupting abnormal neuronal oscillations with adaptive delayed feedback control", </strong>currently under review</p><p>You can access the pre-print at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.07.05.498735</p><p>The data was recorded with the 2100MEA-System from Multichannel Systems using their software Multichannel Experimenter. Each h5 file contains the spike detection results for all electrodes, the electrode labels, and stimulation times. The experiments were performed with microelectrode arrays that contained multiple independent culture wells. The h5 files contain data recorded from all the wells, even though the experiments are only performed in one well at a time. To access the data of a given experiment, choose the electrodes associated with the well identified in the name of the folder, or consult the table in DataTable.xlsx.</p><p>The experiments followed both the European legislation regarding the use of animals for scientific purposes and the protocols approved by the ethical committee of i3S. The Animal Facility of i3S follows the FELASA guidelines and recommendations concerning laboratory animal welfare, complies with the European Guidelines (Directive 2010/63/EU) transposed to Portuguese legislation by Decreto-Lei no 113/2013 and is licensed by the Portuguese official veterinary department (DGAV, Ref 004461). Embryonic (E18) rat hippocampal neurons were cultured on 6-well or 9-well chamber MEA (256-6well MEA200/30iR-ITO-rcr and 256-9wellMEA300/30iR-ITO, respectively) (Multichannel System MCS, Germany) with a density of 5 × 104 cells/well and 3 x 104 cells/well, respectively. Each well of the 6-well MEA has 42 TiN electrodes (array of 7 × 6), and the 9-well contain arrays of 26 TiN electrodes (6 x 5 without corners). The experiments were performed between 13 and 55 days in vitro. </p>
Data related to Ciona spp. and ascidians as bioindicator organisms for evaluating effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals: A discussion paper
<p>This dataset is related to "Ciona spp. and ascidians as bioindicator organisms for evaluating effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals: A discussion paper" PMID: <strong>37708617</strong> doi: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106170. Epub 2023 Sep 9.</p>
Bromus tectorum alters mycorrhizal fungal communities and disrupts mutualism
<p class="MsoNormal">Exotic plant invasions alter native plant productivity and ecosystem function. Mechanisms of plant invasions can include altered disturbance regimes or altered plant-soil feedbacks. Some important hypotheses regarding the invasion of cheatgrass in North America include pathogen spillover and mutualism disruption. Since an important mutualistic interaction in ecosystems is that of mycorrhizal fungi, here we test the mutualism disruption hypothesis by closely examining mycorrhizal allocation and community composition. We conducted a greenhouse study where we grew a native perennial grass in association with invaded and uninvaded soils. We found altered mycorrhizal communities and mycorrhizal allocation patterns associated with cheatgrass-invaded soils supporting the mutualism disruption hypothesis.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Souza AT, Dias E, Antunes C, Ilarri M (2023) Disruptions caused by invasive species and climate change on the functional diversity of a fish community. NeoBiota 88: 211-244. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.88.108283
Daily air temperature and precipitation data, extracted from the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) POWER Project website
Data from: Research on potential disruptive technology identification based on technology network
<p><span>Three evident and meaningful characteristics of disruptive technology are the zeroing effect that causes sustaining technology useless for its remarkable and unprecedented progress, reshaping the landscape of technology and economy, and leading the future mainstream of technology system, all of which have profound impacts and positive influences. The identification of disruptive technology is a universally difficult task. Therefore, the paper aims to enhance the technical relevance of potential disruptive technology identification results and improve the granularity and effectiveness of potential disruptive technology identification topics. According to the life cycle theory, dividing the time stage, then constructing and analyzing the dynamic of technology networks to identify potential disruptive technology. Thereby, using the LDA topic model further to clarify the topic content of potential disruptive technologies. This paper takes the large civil UAVs as an example to prove the feasibility and effectiveness of the model. The results show that the potential disruptive technology in this field is the main equipment, data acquisition, and information transmission.</span></p>
Basic data that show effect of Panax ginseng and Symphytum officinale boost metronidazole on quorum sensing and biofilm disruption in Porphyromonas gingivalis
<p>Basic data that show effect of Panax ginseng and Symphytum officinale boost metronidazole on quorum sensing and biofilm disruption in Porphyromonas gingivalis</p>
Dataset and statistical analysis related to "Amphibian studies to investigate the endocrine disrupting properties of chemicals through the Thyroid modality: a comparison of their statistical power"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Poly(I:C) exposure during in vitro fertilization disrupts first cleavage of mouse embryos and subsequent blastocyst development
<p>The data of the study about: Poly(I:C) exposure during in vitro fertilization disrupts first cleavage of mouse embryos and subsequent blastocyst development.</p>
Endocrine disruption from plastic pollution and warming interact to increase the energetic cost of growth in a fish
<p>Energetic cost of growth determines how much food-derived energy is needed to produce a given amount of new biomass, and thereby influences energy transduction between trophic levels. Growth and development are regulated by hormones and are therefore sensitive to changes in temperature and environmental endocrine disruption. Here we show that the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A at an environmentally relevant concentration (BPA; 10 µg l⁻¹) decreased fish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) size at 30 <sup>o</sup>C water temperature. Under the same conditions, it significantly increased metabolic rates and the energetic cost of growth across development. In contrast, BPA decreased cost of growth at cooler temperatures (24 °C). BPA-mediated changes in cost of growth were not associated with mitochondrial efficiency (P/O ratios [i.e., ADP used/oxygen consumed] and respiratory control ratios) although BPA did increase mitochondrial proton leak. In females, BPA decreased age at maturity at 24 <sup>o</sup>C but increased it at 30 <sup>o</sup>C, and it decreased the gonadosomatic index suggesting reduced investment into reproduction. Our data reveal a potentially serious emerging problem: increasing water temperatures resulting from climate warming together with endocrine disruption from plastic pollution can impact animal growth efficiency, and hence the dynamics and resilience of animal populations and the services these provide.</p>
Fossilized pollen malformations as indicators of past environmental stress and meiotic disruption: insights from modern conifers
<p>Pollen malformations have been proposed as a paleoenvironmental stress proxy. However, the frequency and variability of pollen malformations under near-optimal conditions and environmental stress, as well as their developmental origins, remain unclear. To bridge these gaps, we compared pollen malformation frequencies and assemblages of 14 extant conifer genera of Pinaceae and Podocarpaceae producing saccate (winged) grains grown under near-optimal conditions. These baseline pollen yields were compared with those produced by <i>Pinus mugo</i> 'Columnaris' cultured under an abiotic stress—three experimentally heightened UV-B regimes proposed for the end-Permian crisis. We additionally reviewed previous cytological literature of abnormal microsporogenesis in conifers. Under near-optimal conditions, malformations comprise <3% of pollen yields in 12 out of 13 bisaccate genera and >10% of yields in the naturally trisaccate <i>Dacrycarpus dacrydioides</i>. We detected no phylogenetic pattern in malformation assemblages of the baseline comparisons. UV-B irradiated <i>P. mugo</i> produced significantly higher malformation frequencies and different assemblage compositions when compared with baseline bisaccate lineages. We propose that pollen malformations originate during the meiotic and tetrad stages of microsporogenesis and present a framework for the ontogeny of different malformation types seen in the fossil record. Malformations comprising >3% of bisaccate pollen yields can be used as a paleoenvironmental stress proxy, but rare, naturally trisaccate lineages are not suitable for such assessments. Furthermore, heightened UV-B not only increases pollen malformation production, but also alters the types of abnormalities trees produce. Different environmental stresses may therefore leave behind distinct fingerprints in the fossil record.</p>
Distribution. Most of Europe and W Asia, from S Fennoscandia, British Is, and Iberian Peninsula E to W Russia (E to Omsk region), the Caucasus, and N Turkey; disrupted distribution in Mediterranean areas. in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Most of Europe and W Asia, from S Fennoscandia, British Is, and Iberian Peninsula E to W Russia (E to Omsk region), the Caucasus, and N Turkey; disrupted distribution in Mediterranean areas.
Data from: Invasion-induced root-fungal disruptions alter plant water and nitrogen economies
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Despite widespread evidence that biological invasion influences both the biotic and abiotic soil environments, the extent to which these two pathways underpin the effects of invasion on plant traits and performance is unknown. Leveraging a long-term (14-yr) field experiment, we show that an allelochemical-producing invader affects plants through biotic mechanisms, altering the soil fungal community composition, with no apparent shifts in soil nutrient availability. Changes in belowground fungal communities resulted in high costs of nutrient uptake for native perennials and a shift in plant traits linked to their water and nutrient use efficiencies. Some plants in the invaded community compensate for the disruption of nutritional symbionts and reduced nutrient provisioning by sanctioning more nitrogen to photosynthesis and expending more water, which demonstrates a trade-off in trait investment. For the first time, we show that the disruption of belowground nutritional symbionts can drive plants toward alternative regions of their trait space in order to maintain water and nutrient economics.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Disruption of the TCA cycle reveals an ATF4-mediated integration of redox and amino acid metabolism
<p>The Tricarboxylic Acid (TCA) cycle is arguably the most critical metabolic cycle in physiology and exists as an essential interface coordinating cellular metabolism, bioenergetics, and redox homeostasis. Despite decades of research, a comprehensive investigation into the consequences of TCA cycle dysfunction remains elusive. Here, we targeted two TCA cycle enzymes, fumarate hydratase (FH), using an FH inhibitor (FHIN-1), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), using two inhibitors Atpenin A5 (AA5) and thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA), and combined transcriptomics, and proteomics analyses to fully appraise the consequences of TCA cycle inhibition (TCAi) in murine kidney epithelial cell line.</p> <p>Data from this study that is included in this Dryad submission is as follows:</p> <p>1. TruSeq mRNA stranded analysis of murine Fh1<sup>fl/fl</sup> kidney epithelial cells were treated with vehicle control (DMSO) or 20 micromolar fumarate hydratase inhibitor (FHIN-1) for 24 h. Three biological replicates per condition. </p> <p>2. TruSeq mRNA stranded analysis of murine Fh1<sup>fl/fl</sup> kidney epithelial cells treated with vehicle control (DMSO) or Atpenin A5 (AA5) for 24 h. Three biological replicates per condition. </p> <p>3. Label-free proteomic analysis of a murine Fh1<sup>fl/fl</sup> kidney epithelial cells treated with vehicle control (DMSO) or 20 micromolar FHIN-1 for 24 h. Five biological replicates per condition. </p> <p>4. Label-free proteomic analysis of a murine Fh1<sup>fl/fl</sup> kidney epithelial cells treated with vehicle control (DMSO) and 500 micromolar thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTFA). Five biological replicates per condition. </p> <p>5. Western blot uncropped blots</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.