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4,683 results for “embryonic”
Data from: Kin recognition in embryonic damselfishes
Predator-induced mortality rates are highest in early life stages; therefore, early recognition of threats can greatly increase survival chances. Some species of coral reef fishes have been frequently found to recruit back to their natal reefs; in this instance, there is a high chance of juveniles encountering their siblings, among other kin, after hatching. Kin recognition plays an important ecological role in that it allows individuals to protect genetically similar relatives, and hence increase their inclusive fitness. By observing changes in heart rates, we demonstrated that embryos of two damselfish species, Acanthochromis polyacanthus and Amphiprion melanopus, not only possess recognition of kin and damage-released alarm odours, but also react to them in a graded manner. Such refined olfactory capabilities in embryonic stage organisms (seven and eleven days after fertilisation) suggest identification of threats may provide survival advantages post-hatching, such as the informed choice of low risk habitats at settlement. To our knowledge this is the first time that kin recognition has been identified in embryos of any species.
Data from: Embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis produce functionally distinct subclasses of dopaminergic neuron
Most neurogenesis in the mammalian brain is completed embryonically, but in certain areas the production of neurons continues throughout postnatal life. The functional properties of mature postnatally-generated neurons often match those of their embryonically-produced counterparts. However, we show here that in the olfactory bulb (OB), embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis produce functionally distinct subpopulations of dopaminergic (DA) neurons. We define two subclasses of OB DA neuron by the presence or absence of a key subcellular specialisation: the axon initial segment (AIS). Large AIS-positive axon-bearing DA neurons are exclusively produced during early embryonic stages, leaving small anaxonic AIS-negative cells as the only DA subtype generated via adult neurogenesis. These populations are functionally distinct: large DA cells are more excitable, yet display weaker and - for certain long-latency or inhibitory events - more broadly-tuned responses to odorant stimuli. Embryonic and postnatal neurogenesis can therefore generate distinct neuronal subclasses, placing important constraints on the functional roles of adult-born neurons in sensory processing.
Data from: Field trials of chemical suppression of embryonic cane toads (Rhinella marina) by older conspecifics
<p>1. Laboratory experiments have shown that the viability of embryos of the invasive cane toad (<i>Rhinella marina</i>) can be reduced by exposure to chemical cues from older conspecific larvae. These effects (very strong in laboratory trials) may offer an exciting new approach to controlling this problematic invasive species in Australia. However, the degree to which the method works in natural environments has yet to be assessed.</p> <p>2. Our experiments in the laboratory and in semi-natural outdoor waterbodies show that chemical cues from tadpoles do indeed suppress the growth, development and survival of conspecific larvae that are exposed as embryos and do so in a dose-dependent manner; higher tadpole densities cause greater suppression of embryos.</p> <p>3. In semi-natural outdoor waterbodies, suppressor-exposed tadpoles were less than half as likely to survive to metamorphosis as were controls, and were much smaller when they did so and hence, less likely to survive the metamorph stage. Additionally, female cane toads were less likely to oviposit in a waterbody containing free-ranging (but not cage-enclosed) tadpoles, suggesting that the presence of tadpoles (rather than the chemical cues they produce) may discourage oviposition.</p> <p>4. Broadly, our results suggest that the suppression effect documented in laboratory studies does indeed occur in the field also, and hence that we may be able to translate that approach to develop new and more effective ways to reduce rates of recruitment of peri-urban populations of cane toads in their invasive range.</p>
Chicken Embryonic stem cells
<p>Some pictures of chicken embryonic stem cells</p>
Figure 6. Stage 3, about 48–50 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 6. Stage 3, about 48–50 h development: (A) general view of embryo, dorsal side; (B) rudiments of carapace and second antenna; (C) rudiments of postabdominal claws; (D) general view, ventral side; (E) head of embryo; (F) maxillae I and mandibles. Scale bars: (A, D) 50 mm; (B, C, E, F) 25 mm.
Figure 5. Stage 2, about 45–47 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 5. Stage 2, about 45–47 h development: (A) general view of embryo, dorsal side; (B) posterior end of embryo; (C) rudiments of thoracic limbs; (D) rudiments of mandibles and maxillae I; (E) ovary. Scale bars: (A) 100 mm; (B–E) 50 mm.
Figure 2. Stage 1, about 31–33 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 2. Stage 1, about 31–33 h development: (A) general view of embryo, dorsal side; (B) posterior end of embryo, dorsal view; (C) anterior end, dorsal view; (D) the same, ventral view; (E) rudiment of second antennae; (F) rudiments of thoracic limbs. Scale bars: (A) 50 mm; (B–F) 25 mm.
Figure 12 in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 12. First juvenile stage: (A) head and thorax; (B) abdomen and postabdomen; (C) eye; (D) swimming setae of second antenna. Scale bars: (A, B) 100 mm; (C, D) 25 mm.
Figure 11. Stage 4, about 69–75 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 11. Stage 4, about 69–75 h development: (A) ovaries; (B) heart and carapace, lateral view; (C) heart, dorsal view; (D) carapace and maxillar gland. Scale bar: 25 mm.
Figure 8. Stage 3, about 56 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 8. Stage 3, about 56 h development: (A) general view of embryo, dorsal side; (B) eye capsule, beginning of pigmentation; (C) rudiment of carapace; (D) ovary. Scale bars: (A) 50 mm; (B–D) 25 mm.
Figure 7. Stage 3, about 53–55 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 7. Stage 3, about 53–55 h development: (A) dorsal organ; (B) 'maxillary processes' of the first thoracic limbs; (C) thoracic limbs; (D) maxillae I and mandibles; (E) proximal segment of first thoracic limb; (F) gut. Scale bars: 25 mm.
Figure 4. Stage 2, about 41 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 4. Stage 2, about 41 h development: (A) general view of embryo, dorsal side; (B) the same, ventral side; (C) anterior end of embryo, ventral side; (D) rudiments of second antenna and thoracic limbs. Scale bars: (A, B) 50 mm; (C, D) 25 mm.
Figure 10. Stage 4, about 60 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 10. Stage 4, about 60 h (A), 69 h (B), and 64 h (C–F) development: (A, B) eye; (C) first antennae; (D) mouth parts; (E) lateral lobe of lower lip; (F) seta natatoriae. Scale bars: 25 mm.
Figure 1 in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 1. (A) Parthenogenetic egg; (B) gamogenetic egg taken from brood pouch; (C) remains of shed outer egg membrane of parthenogenetic egg; (D) parthenogenetic egg; (E) gamogenetic egg. Scale bars: (A–C) 50 mm; (D, E) 20 mm.
Figure 3. Stage 1 in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 3. Stage 1, (A,B) about 35 h development, (C,D) about 39 h development. (A) maxillae I and II; (B) rudiment of second antenna, ventral view; (C) general view of embryo, dorsal side; (D) mandibles and thoracic limbs. Scale bars: (A, B, D) 25 mm; (C) 50 mm.
Figure 9. Stage 4, about 60–64 h in Comparative investigation of the late embryogenesis of Leptodora kindtii (Focke, 1844) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), with notes on types of embryonic development and larvae in Cladocera
Figure 9. Stage 4, about 60–64 h development: (A) general lateral view; (B) head and thorax; (C) abdomen and postabdomen; (D) carapace. Scale bar: 100 mm.
FIGURE 4. Embryonic period IV in Embryology of the spider crabs Leurocyclus tuberculosus (H. Milne-Edwards & Lucas 1842) and Libinia spinosa (H. Milne-Edwards 1834) (Brachyura, Majoidea)
FIGURE 4. Embryonic period IV. Eggs with dark pigmentation in the optic lobe (circle) in A, Leurocyclus tuberculosus (scale bar: 200 µm) and B, Libinia spinosa (scale bar: 200 µm). Detail of egg with dark pigmentation in the area posterior to the optic lobe in C, L. tuberculosus (scale bar: 200 µm) and in D, L. spinosa (scale bar: 200 µm). Detail of the antennula in E, L. tuberculosus (scale bar 100 µm) and in F, L. spinosa (scale bar: 100 µm). Ab, abdomen; Annt, antennula; O, optic lobe; P, pigmentation of the optic lobe; Y, yolk.
F in Effects of temperature on the embryonic development and hatchling size of Betaeus emarginatus (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae)
F. 3. Duration of embryonic stages (indicated by different fillings) of Betaeus emarginatus at the three temperatures used in laboratory experiments; arrows depict the appearance of the eye pigment (E) and the hatching of the larvae (H).
F in Effects of temperature on the embryonic development and hatchling size of Betaeus emarginatus (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae)
F. 1. Consumption of the egg yolk (expressed as a percentage) during the embryonic development of Betaeus emarginatus reared at 15°C.
F in Effects of temperature on the embryonic development and hatchling size of Betaeus emarginatus (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae)
F. 2. Relation between temperature and duration of incubation period of Betaeus emarginatus maintained in the laboratory.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.