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5,794 results for “exposures”
FIGURE 1 in A typical enzyme activity for glutathione conjugation indicates exposure of pacu to pollutants
FIGURE 1 |GST specific activities in liver cytosol from Piaractus mesopotamicus injected with methyl parathion (8 mg kg-1). Assays were carried out with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), ethacrynic acid (ETHA) or 2- dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB) at 24, 48 and 96 hours after the injection. Bars represent the means ± S.E.M. of assays from five fish injected with corn oil (clear) or methyl parathion (dark grey). Significant differences from controls are indicated as **(P <0.01).
Pre-exposure of abundant species to disturbance improves resilience in microbial metacommunities. Zenodo fileset.
<p>Data and code for downstream analyses for journal article entitled "Disturbance pre-exposure of abundant species improves community and metacommunity resilience"</p>
Impact of prenatal THC exposure on mouse brain development; a lifespan approach with MRI
<p>Prenatal cannabis exposure has been demonstrated to impact neurodevelopment in offspring at different ages. To date, to our knowledge, no study has longitudinally examined the effects from embryos to adulthood. Here we collected and analyzed data to explore how prenatal exposure to delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (5 mg/kg subcutaneous injections, gestational dat [GD] 3-10) in mice impacts trajectories of brain development with structural magnetic resonance imaging. We supplement these findings with behavioural analyses and electron microscopy as described below.</p> <p>In the first cohort (embryos) embryos were extracted on GD 17 and scanned with MRI postnatally, as described in the methods of the accompanying paper. Electron microscopy was used to investigate dark neural and glial cells, apoptotic cells, and dividing cells in the hippocampus. In the second cohort (neonates) pups were born and scanned postnatally with manganese enhanced MRI on postnatal day (PND) 3, 5, 7, and 10. Separation-induced ultrasonic vocalizations were acquired on PND 12 and pups were perfused on PND 13. EM analyses were repeated in the neonatal hippocampi. In the third cohort (adults) pups were scanned on PND 25, 35, 60, and 90. Behavioral assessments for anxiety-like behavior with open-field test and sensorimotor gating with prepulse inhibition were performed on PND 35 and 37 respectively. </p> <p>Findings showed altered prenatal body volumes and weight-trajectories, altered brain volumes (especially sustained in females until adulthood), and indications of changes to behavior, including anxiety-like phenotypes in neonates and adolescents. Evidence from electron microscopy suggests increased cell division in the embryo hippocampus. Together these data suggest a profound and sustained impact of early gestation prenatal THC exposure on brain development. For further details on the methods, approach, and results, please see the forthcoming publication.</p> <p>In this dataset you will find the following data:</p> <p>Pregnancy/dam-level outcomes can be found in maternal_outcomes.zip</p> <ul> <li><a href="../api/records/13820978/draft/files/zenodo_pregnancy_README.txt/content" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">zenodo_pregnancy_README.txt</a>: includes description of the data and fields available in each csv.</li> <li>dam_weights.csv: A spreadsheet including the information related to each dam pooled across the studies</li> <li>nest_quality.csv: A spreadsheet including the manually-rated nest quality from a pilot and the full experiment</li> <li>master_maternal_observations_old_thc.csv: A spreadsheet including data for time spent on and off nest extracted automatically and manually from Ethovision</li> </ul> <p>Embryo outcomes:</p> <ul> <li>zenodo_embryos_README.txt: includes description of the data and fields available in each csv.</li> <li>demographics_for_analysis.csv: A spreadsheet with relevant information for each embryo sample.</li> <li>raw_embryo_mincs.zip: includes 84 embryo scans, full body</li> <li>embryo_heads.zip: includes 57 embryo scans that all passed qc, head only niftis </li> <li>squish_qc.csv: QC of whether the embryos were squished or not</li> <li>em_embryo_hc_mm2csv.csv: cells per mm^2 from electron microscopy</li> </ul> <p>Neonate outcomes:</p> <ul> <li>zenodo_neonates_README.txt: includes description of data and fields available in each csv</li> <li>demographics.csv: A spreadsheet with the demographic information for each pup and timepoint in the study</li> <li>raw_neonate_niftis.zip: 172 scans from neonates in nifti format</li> <li>agreement_qc.csv: quality control file with assessments of raw images</li> <li>milestones_999_as_NA.csv: Record of which milestones were tested and whether they were obtained</li> <li>master_usv.csv: Spreadsheet including data for ultrasonic vocalizations from all tested pups</li> <li>neo_cell_counts_mm2.csv: cells per mm^2 from electron microscopy for the neonates</li> </ul> <p>Adult outcomes: </p> <ul> <li>zenodo_adult_README.txt: includes description of the data and fields available in each csv.</li> <li>demographics.csv: A spreadsheet with the demographic information for each mouse and timepoint in the study</li> <li>adult_raw_niftis.zip: The raw data (before preprocessing) in nifti format</li> <li>master_qc.csv: Quality control assessment of the raw images</li> <li>master_oft.csv: Values for open field test extracted from Ethovision</li> <li>avg_trials_ppi.csv: Data from prepulse inhibition trials, average startle of 100 ms following pulse</li> <li>max_trials_ppi.csv Dat afrom prepulse inhibition trials, maximum startle of 100 ms following pulse</li> </ul>
Personal light exposure dataset: Shift workers in Dortmund, Germany
<p>Archiving the repository on Zenodo. This archive not only contains the analysis script, but importantly also the dataset of personal light exposure</p>
EV based miR-6772-5p secreted by breast cancer cells in response to radiation exposure is involved in development of radioresistance
<p>This dataset serves as a supplementary material for the research article <em>EV-based miR-6772-5p secreted by breast cancer cells in response to radiation exposure is involved in development of radioresistance</em> by Tynjälä <em>et al</em>. For further details, please refer to our publication for a detailed description of the methods used to generate this dataset.</p> <p>In summary, we isolated and sequenced miRNAs from extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from irradiated and non-irradiated MCF7 cells. Sequencing libraries were prepared with QIAseq miRNA Library Kit (Qiagen, Germany) and sequenced with Illumina NextSeq 500 platform (Illumina). In-house bioinformatics workflow was used to process the sequencing data. Unique molecular identifier (UMI) sequences were first extracted and added to FASTQ header with UMI-tools while discarding the 3’ adapter and primer sequences. Reads shorter than 16 bp were discarded with cutadapt. Provided sequencing data is in FASTQ format and trimmed from adapter and UMI sequences. We have also provided miRNA counts and results of following differential gene expression analysis in tab-delimited format.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Model fields supporting the publication "Integrated Assessment of the Risks to Ocean Acidification in the Northern High Latitudes: Regional Comparison of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity of Pelagic Calcifiers"
<p>These are the model outputs supporting the described manuscript. They include monthly averaged output of aragonite saturation state for each year during the 10-year hindcast. Also included is the particle tracking output, for both the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska, as described in the manuscript.</p>
Climate change exposure and vulnerability of the global protected area estate from an international perspective
<p>Aim: Protected areas are essential to conserve biodiversity and ecosystem benefits to society under increasing human pressures of the Anthropocene. Anthropogenic climate change, however, threatens the enduring effectiveness of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and providing ecosystem services, because it modifies and redistributes biodiversity with unknown consequences for ecosystem functioning within protected areas. Here we assess (1) the climate change exposure of the global terrestrial protected area estate and (2) the climate change vulnerability of national protected area estates.</p> <p>Location: Terrestrial protected areas worldwide.</p> <p>Methods: We calculated local climate change exposure as predicted climate anomalies between the present and 2070 using ten global climate models, two emission scenarios (RCP 4.5 and 8.5) and the finest spatial resolution available for global climate projections (approx. 1 km). We estimated the climate change vulnerability of national protected area estates by analysing countrywide relationships between protected areas' climate anomalies and other protected area characteristics, i.e. area, elevation, terrain ruggedness, human footprint and irreplaceability for globally threatened species.</p> <p>Results: We found predicted climate anomalies highest in protected areas of (sub-)tropical countries. The correlations between climate anomalies and protected area characteristics strongly differ between countries. Globally, protected areas showing large climate anomalies tend to be at high elevation and highly irreplaceable for threatened species, increasing climate change vulnerability. These protected areas are relatively large in area, of high topographic heterogeneity and less pressured by humans, decreasing climate change vulnerability.</p> <p>Main conclusion: This study reveals potential hotspots of climate change impact inside the terrestrial protected area estate. It thus supports and guides climate-smart conservation policy and management, particularly national to local authorities, to ensure the future effectiveness of protected areas in preserving biodiversity and ecosystem benefits under climate change.</p>
Evaluation of the shucking of certain species of scallops contaminated with domoic acid with a view to the production of edible parts meeting the safety requirements foreseen in the Union legislation - Summary statistics on occurrence and consumption data and exposure assessment results
<p>DomoicAcid_Raw_Occurrence_Data.CSV contains the raw occurrence dataset on Domoic Acid contaminant in scallops as extracted from EFSA DWH on the 9 June 2020, 16,369 samples presented in the opinion as described in its section 1.3.2. Occurrence data submitted to EFSA. The data is provided in .csv format. This dataset is compliant with EFSA SSD model and contains two additional columns documenting issues identified in the cleaning process (column: issue) and the action taken (column: outcome) to address the issue (e.g. delete record or update values in specific fields).</p> <p>The link to the catalogues of controlled terminologies can be found under "Related identifiers”.</p> <p><strong>Annex_</strong> DomoicAcid</p> <p>Table of contents</p> <p><br> Table A1</p> <p>Description of FoodEx2 codes used to describe scallop species and their anatomical parts</p> <p>Table A2</p> <p>Data cleaning steps applied to occurrence data on domoic acid in scallops</p> <p>Table A3</p> <p>Percentage of Left-Censored data and descriptive statistics for Limits of detection (LODs) and Limits of quantification (LOQs) for domoic acid in scallops (mg/kg)</p> <p>Table A4</p> <p>Descriptive statistics for domoic acid in scallops (mg/kg) as reported in the cleaned database (statistics weighted by number of units per sample)</p> <p>Table A5</p> <p>Descriptive statistics of body tissue weights (g) of scallops as submitted by data providers</p>
Fig. 3. a in Diversity patterns of Scleractinian corals at Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, in relation to exposure and depth
Fig. 3. a, Dendrogram; and b, multidimensional scaling (MDS) plots with significant clusters of 28 sites at Kota Kinabalu based on the Bray-Curtis resemblance matrix of coral species composition (presence/absence) of the families Fungiidae, Agariciidae, and Euphylliidae. The solid and open symbols represent exposed and sheltered reef sites, respectively.
Fig 1 in Diversity patterns of Scleractinian corals at Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, in relation to exposure and depth
Fig 1. Survey sites (numbered 1–33) at Kota Kinabalu and Mengalum Island, Sabah, Malaysia. The boundary of the Tunku Abdul Rahman Park is indicated. The 2-year average wind distribution values show that the prevalent wind direction is from the west. Winds from the east-southeast is only dominant from December to January. Statistics were taken from wind speed measurements at Kota Kinabalu International Airport (November 2010–November 2012) from © Windfinder.com.
Fig 2 in Diversity patterns of Scleractinian corals at Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, in relation to exposure and depth
Fig 2. Species richness estimators for coral families: a, Fungiidae (n=35); b, Agariciidae (n=26); and c, Euphylliidae (n=11) observed at Kota Kinabalu. The curves indicate that the occurrence of two additional species is possible for the Fungiidae, but no extra species are expected for the Agariciidae and Euphylliidae.
Fig. 4 in Diversity patterns of Scleractinian corals at Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, in relation to exposure and depth
Fig. 4. Species richness patterns derived from the dendrogram and MDS plots in Fig. 3a, b. The numbers represent the combined species diversity of all three coral families Fungiidae, Agariciidae, and Euphylliidae. Sites with the highest species diversity (≥ 50 species) are shown in bold and larger fonts.
Half day exposure to the north star, by Fabrizio Melandri, Italy
<p>First place in the IAU OAE Astrophotography Contest, category Star trails.</p> <p>This star trail image shows the apparent movement of the stars in the night sky, which results from the Earth’s rotation around its polar axis. The trees in the foreground serve as an anchor as we turn with the Earth. The bright white semi-circle in the center of the image is the North (Pole) star – Polaris, which is located very close to the North Celestial Pole. One way to imagine that the Earth is at center of hollow crystal sphere, and the stars are embedded on this sphere, as the Earth spins on its axis, an observer on Earth sees the stars rising and setting, following an arc, because the horizon prevents the observer from the full arc for stars that are further away from the Celestial Pole. The North Celestial Pole (and its opposite the South Celestial Pole) is essentially formed by extending the line of the Earth’s axis. Capturing this image requires the photographer to take a long exposure with the camera on a tripod and pointing towards the Pole Star (North Hemisphere). In the Southern Hemisphere there is no star as close as Polaris is to the Celestial Pole, so the position of the South Celestial Pole is found using the South Cross and Pointer Stars (Alpha and Beta Centauri). Although overall the image has a slight blue tint, it does capture the varying colours of stars, it is easy to distinguish between the higher temperature blue stars and the lower temperature of the whitish stars, and even lower temperature reddish stars. The reason for this variation in colour is because higher temperature stars emit more in shorter wavelengths (bluer), compared to lower temperature stars which emit in longer wavelengths (redder).</p> <p> </p> <p>Credit: Fabrizio Melandri/IAU OAE</p>
Text-fig. 6. Metacheiromys marshi, AMNH 131777, left petrosal isosurface from CT scans in endocranial view. a – shaded drawing; b – line drawing with labels. Abbreviations: app – apex partis petrosae, cc – cochlear canaliculus, crp – crista petrosa, cs – cerebral surface, iam – internal acoustic meatus, lji – lateral jugular incisure, me – mastoid exposure, mji – medial jugular incisure, saf – subarcuate fossa, sips – sulcus for inferior petrosal sinus, soev – sulcus for occipital emissary vein, sss – sulcus for sigmoid sinus, tc – transverse crest, to ptc – to posttemporal canal, va – vestibular aqueduct. in Skeletal Anatomy Of The Basicranium And Auditory Region In The Metacheiromyid Palaeanodont Metacheiromys (Mammalia, Pholidotamorpha) Based On High-Resolution Ct Scans
Text-fig. 6. Metacheiromys marshi, AMNH 131777, left petrosal isosurface from CT scans in endocranial view. a – shaded drawing; b – line drawing with labels. Abbreviations: app – apex partis petrosae, cc – cochlear canaliculus, crp – crista petrosa, cs – cerebral surface, iam – internal acoustic meatus, lji – lateral jugular incisure, me – mastoid exposure, mji – medial jugular incisure, saf – subarcuate fossa, sips – sulcus for inferior petrosal sinus, soev – sulcus for occipital emissary vein, sss – sulcus for sigmoid sinus, tc – transverse crest, to ptc – to posttemporal canal, va – vestibular aqueduct.
Text-fig. 2. Metacheiromys marshii, AMNH 131777, drawing of basicranium in ventral view with isosurface from CT scans of left petrosal inserted (compare with Simpson 1931: fig. 7). Much of the mastoid exposure on the specimen's left side is damaged. Numbers 1 to 4 indicate depressions that based on the right side include a thin layer of entotympanic; 1 to 3 are between petrosal and basioccipital and 4 is petrosal only. The white arrow in the lower left passes through a canal between the petrosal and exoccipital for the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Abbreviations: abX – grooves and foramina for auricular branch of vagus nerve, as – alisphenoid, astp – alisphenoid tympanic process, bo – basioccipital, bs – basisphenoid, eam – roof of external acoustic meatus, ec – ectotympanic, en – entotympanic, eo – exoccipital, es – epitympanic sinus of squamosal, fm – foramen magnum, fo – foramen ovale, gf – glenoid fossa, hf – hypoglossal foramen, ips – foramen for inferior petrosal sinus, ljf – lateral jugular foramen, me – mastoid exposure of petrosal, mjf – medial jugular foramen, mt – muscular tubercle, mtc – musculotubal canal, oc – occipital condyle, pa – porus acousticus (hidden), pas – parasphenoid, pgp – postglenoid process, pr – promontorium of petrosal, ps – presphenoid, smf – stylomastoid foramen, sof – superior orbital fissure, sq – squamosal, tca – tympanic canaliculus, th – tympanohyal, tm – tubular external acoustic meatus. in Skeletal Anatomy Of The Basicranium And Auditory Region In The Metacheiromyid Palaeanodont Metacheiromys (Mammalia, Pholidotamorpha) Based On High-Resolution Ct Scans
Text-fig. 2. Metacheiromys marshii, AMNH 131777, drawing of basicranium in ventral view with isosurface from CT scans of left petrosal inserted (compare with Simpson 1931: fig. 7). Much of the mastoid exposure on the specimen's left side is damaged. Numbers 1 to 4 indicate depressions that based on the right side include a thin layer of entotympanic; 1 to 3 are between petrosal and basioccipital and 4 is petrosal only. The white arrow in the lower left passes through a canal between the petrosal and exoccipital for the auricular branch of the vagus nerve. Abbreviations: abX – grooves and foramina for auricular branch of vagus nerve, as – alisphenoid, astp – alisphenoid tympanic process, bo – basioccipital, bs – basisphenoid, eam – roof of external acoustic meatus, ec – ectotympanic, en – entotympanic, eo – exoccipital, es – epitympanic sinus of squamosal, fm – foramen magnum, fo – foramen ovale, gf – glenoid fossa, hf – hypoglossal foramen, ips – foramen for inferior petrosal sinus, ljf – lateral jugular foramen, me – mastoid exposure of petrosal, mjf – medial jugular foramen, mt – muscular tubercle, mtc – musculotubal canal, oc – occipital condyle, pa – porus acousticus (hidden), pas – parasphenoid, pgp – postglenoid process, pr – promontorium of petrosal, ps – presphenoid, smf – stylomastoid foramen, sof – superior orbital fissure, sq – squamosal, tca – tympanic canaliculus, th – tympanohyal, tm – tubular external acoustic meatus.
Text-fig. 4. Metacheiromys marshii, AMNH 131777, basicranial isosurface from CT scans in oblique posteroventral view: left petrosal in blue and small piece of left entotympanic in red. The white arrow on the left petrosal passes through a canal traversed by the tympanic nerve. Abbreviations: abX – foramen for auricular branch of vagus nerve, aptt – anteroventral process of tegmen tympani, as – alisphenoid, bo – basioccipital, bs – basisphenoid, ctp – caudal tympanic process, eam – squamosal roof of external acoustic meatus, ec – ectotympanic, en – entotympanic, eo – exoccipital, hf – hypoglossal foramen, ips – foramen for inferior petrosal sinus, ljf – lateral jugular foramen, me – mastoid exposure of petrosal, mjf – medial jugular foramen, mt – muscular tubercle, oc – occipital condyle, pcf – posterior carotid foramen, pp – paroccipital process of petrosal, pr – promontorium of petrosal, ptp – posttympanic process of squamosal, smf – stylomastoid foramen, sq – squamosal, stf – stapedial artery foramen, tca – tympanic canaliculus, th – tympanohyal. in Skeletal Anatomy Of The Basicranium And Auditory Region In The Metacheiromyid Palaeanodont Metacheiromys (Mammalia, Pholidotamorpha) Based On High-Resolution Ct Scans
Text-fig. 4. Metacheiromys marshii, AMNH 131777, basicranial isosurface from CT scans in oblique posteroventral view: left petrosal in blue and small piece of left entotympanic in red. The white arrow on the left petrosal passes through a canal traversed by the tympanic nerve. Abbreviations: abX – foramen for auricular branch of vagus nerve, aptt – anteroventral process of tegmen tympani, as – alisphenoid, bo – basioccipital, bs – basisphenoid, ctp – caudal tympanic process, eam – squamosal roof of external acoustic meatus, ec – ectotympanic, en – entotympanic, eo – exoccipital, hf – hypoglossal foramen, ips – foramen for inferior petrosal sinus, ljf – lateral jugular foramen, me – mastoid exposure of petrosal, mjf – medial jugular foramen, mt – muscular tubercle, oc – occipital condyle, pcf – posterior carotid foramen, pp – paroccipital process of petrosal, pr – promontorium of petrosal, ptp – posttympanic process of squamosal, smf – stylomastoid foramen, sq – squamosal, stf – stapedial artery foramen, tca – tympanic canaliculus, th – tympanohyal.
Text-fig. 2. General view of Helwell Bay, Doniford, looking west along the upper beach exposure and the Main Cenoceras Bed. in 'Cenoceras Islands' In The Blue Lias Formation (Lower Jurassic) Of West Somerset, Uk: Nautilid Dominance And Influence On Benthic Faunas
Text-fig. 2. General view of Helwell Bay, Doniford, looking west along the upper beach exposure and the Main Cenoceras Bed.
Supplementary Material: Assessment of Environmental Pollution and Human Exposure to Pesticides by Wastewater Analysis in a Seven-Year Study in Athens, Greece
<p>Supplementary Material</p>
Data for: "Market Power and Price Exposure: Learning from Changes in Renewable Energy Regulation"
<p>Given the key role of renewable energies in current and future electricity markets, it is important to understand how they affect firms' pricing incentives in these markets. In this paper, we study whether renewables depress electricity market prices, and how this effect depends on their degree of market price exposure. Our theoretical analysis shows that paying renewables with fixed prices, rather than with market-based prices, is relatively more effective at curbing market power when the dominant electricity firms own large shares of the renewable capacity, and <em>vice-versa</em>. To test this prediction, our empirical analysis leverages several short-lived changes to renewable energy pricing mechanisms in the Spanish electricity market. In this context, we find that the switch from full price exposure to fixed prices caused a 2-4% reduction in the average price-cost markup.</p>
Exposure to thermal extremes favours higher solar reflectivity in intertidal gastropods
<p>During low tides, intertidal animals can be exposed to temperature extremes that can be near or exceed the animals' thermal limits. Reflectance of solar radiation could be critical to prevent overheating for animals that remain exposed to the sun; however, most studies ignore near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths that comprise approximately half of solar energy. Here, we conduct a phylogenetically controlled analysis to test whether the reflectivity of intertidal gastropod species is associated with solar exposure. For nineteen gastropod species, we quantified UV, visible and NIR reflectance and documented microhabitat at low tide. Gastropods from exposed microhabitats had greater total reflectivity than those from sheltered microhabitats. The difference between microhabitats was greater for dry shells than wet shells, for which evaporative cooling may be a more important means of reducing heat gain. Dry shells from exposed microhabitats had higher reflectivity in NIR wavelengths even after controlling for UV-visible reflectivity, supporting selection for thermal benefits independent of visual benefits such as camouflage. Based on a heating rate experiment and thermal imaging, gastropods with high shell reflectivity had a lower heating rate in natural conditions than those with low shell reflectivity. Together, these studies show that reflectivity can play a crucial role in thermoregulation in extreme environments.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.