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451 results for “food webs”
Short-term effects of wildfire on high elevation stream-riparian food webs
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Data from: Restored streams recover food web properties but with different scaling relationships when compared to natural streams
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Experimental N and P additions relieve stoichiometric constraints on organic-matter flows through five stream food webs
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Data from: Ecosystem age drives food web architecture of glacier retreat-formed fishless ponds in Greenland
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Data from: Habitat dimensionality, temperature and feeding strategies as determinants of trophic structure in a marine food web
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Arthropod food webs in the foreland of a retreating Greenland glacier: Integrating molecular gut content analysis with Structural Equation Modelling
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Food webs for three burn severities after wildfire in the Eldorado National Forest, California
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Foraging preferences and interspecific competition generate multimodal complexity-stability relationships in an adaptive food-web framework
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Effects of an invasive top predator on Ecosystem structure and function in a Graminoid Marsh food web
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Large-scale multi-trophic co-response models and environmental control of pelagic food webs in Québec lakes
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Eco‐evolutionary dynamics driven by fishing: from single species models to dynamic evolution within complex food webs
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Data supporting Food web complexity weakens size-based constraints on the pyramids of life
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Floods connect tropical river-floodplain food webs but shrink fish community isotopic trophic niches
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Direct and indirect effects of increased bedload on algal and detrital-based stream food webs at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory from 1997 to 1999: Tile/ sediment addition experiment, Summer 1997; Chlorophyll, AFDM, inorganics (days 5-40)
Anthropogenic sedimentation poses a significant threat to stream ecosystems throughout the world. Increases in bedload (sediment transported and deposited on the stream bottom) can be especially detrimental for benthic communities. To examine how increased bedload directly and indirectly affects stream communities, we simultaneously manipulated sediment and top-down effects of macroconsumers (fishes and crayfish) in situ in two factorial experiments, one using tiles and one using leaf packs as sampling substrates. Bedload was increased by adding small amounts of sediment (2.5 x normal levels) to localized areas (0.25 m2) of an otherwise unimpacted stream. This increase in bedload had direct effects on basal resources in both the tile and leaf pack experiments. In the tile experiment algal composition was altered by sediment addition, while in the leaf pack experiment fungal biomass declined with sediment.
Data from: How geographic productivity patterns affect food-web evolution
<p>This dataset contains the generated data analyzed in the manuscript, as well as the code for analyzing the generated data. It also contains the code used to generate the data.</p>
Data from: Experimental reduction of plant abundance changes interaction frequency of a tri-trophic micro-food web: contrasting responses of generalists and specialists
1. Species abundance is vulnerable to climate change and anthropogenic impact. Although numerous studies have examined the food web response to species loss, their response (e.g. in network topology and interaction frequency) to changes in species abundance has received little attention. 2. We experimentally reduced the abundance (by ca. 60%) of one host plant species (Saussurea nigrescens) in a tri-trophic micro-food web consisting of two common Asteraceae species (S. nigrescens and Anaphalis flavescens), their pre-dispersal seed predators (tephritid flies), and the parasitoid wasps that feed on these seed predators. 3. The neutral process hypothesis posits that network topology and interaction frequency are determined by the relative abundances of the participating species. Accordingly, we hypothesized that interaction frequency (indicated by the rate of flies infesting plants and of parasitoid wasps parasitizing flies) would decrease with decreasing abundance of host plant abundance. 4. Consistent with the neutral process hypothesis, abundance reduction significantly decreased the rate of generalist flies infesting the manipulated plant host species, but increased the rate on unmanipulated plant species. In contrast, abundance reduction significantly increased the rate of specialist flies infesting the manipulated species, but it had no demonstrable effect on the specialists on the unmanipulated plant host. 5. Moreover, abundance reduction significantly increased the rate of parasitoid wasps (as a species group) parasitizing flies in the manipulated species but decreased the rate of the unmanipulated species. These results were not attributable to neutral processes, but can be explained only by adaptive foraging theory. In addition, experimental manipulation did not shift the qualitative presence/absence of the linkages in the micro-food web, and the change in the abundance of both fly and wasp species was smaller than the abundance changes of the manipulated plant species. 6. These observations are interpreted to indicate that both neutral process and/or adaptive foraging likely contributed to food web stability in responses to changes in species abundance. Because species abundance is vulnerable to abiotic and biotic environmental changes, we suggest more research should be conducted to understand how food webs respond to climate change and anthropogenic disturbance.
Data from: Communities at the extreme: aquatic food webs in desert landscapes
Studying food webs across contrasting abiotic conditions is an important tool in understanding how environmental variability impacts community structure and ecosystem dynamics. The study of extreme environments provides insight into community-wide level responses to environmental pressures with relevance to the future management of aquatic ecosystems. In the western Lake Eyre Basin of arid Australia, there are two characteristic and contrasting aquatic habitats: springs and rivers. Permanent isolated Great Artesian Basin springs represent hydrologically persistent environments in an arid desert landscape. In contrast, hydrologically variable river waterholes are ephemeral in space and time. We comprehensively sampled aquatic assemblages in contrasting ecosystem types to assess patterns in community composition and to quantify food web attributes with stable isotopes. Springs and rivers were found to have markedly different invertebrate communities, with rivers dominated by more dispersive species and springs associated with species that show high local endemism. Qualitative assessment of basal resources shows autochthonous carbon appears be a key basal resource in both types of habitat, although the particular sources differed between habitats. Food-web variables such as trophic length, trophic breadth and community isotopic niche size were relatively similar in the two habitat types. The basis for the similarity in food-web structure despite differences in community composition appears to be broader isotopic niches for predatory invertebrates and fish in springs as compared with rivers. In contrast to published theory, our findings suggest that the food webs of the hydrologically variable river sites may show less dietary generalisation and more compact food-web modules than in springs.
Predator population size structure alters consumption of prey from epigeic and grazing food webs
<p>Numerous studies have found that predators can suppress prey densities and thereby impact important ecosystem processes such as plant productivity and decomposition. However, prey suppression by spiders can be highly variable. Unlike predators that feed on prey within a single energy channel, spiders often consume prey from asynchronous energy channels, such as grazing (live plant) and epigeic (soil surface) channels. Spiders undergo few life cycle changes and thus appear to be ideally suited to link energy channels, but ontogenetic diet shifts in spiders have received little attention. For example, spider use of different food channels may be highly specialized in different life stages and thus a species may be a multichannel omnivore only when we consider all life stages. Using stable isotopes, we investigated whether wolf spider (Pardosa littoralis, henceforth Pardosa) prey consumption is driven by changes in spider size. Small spiders obtained > 80% of their prey from the epigeic channel, whereas larger spiders used grazing and epigeic prey almost equally. Changes in prey consumption were not driven by changes in prey density, but by changes in prey use by different spider size classes. Thus, because the population size structure of Pardosa changes dramatically over the growing season, changes in spider size may have important implications for the strength of trophic cascades. Our research demonstrates that life history can be an important component of predator diet, which may in turn affect community- and ecosystem-level processes.</p>
The invasive pathogenic fungus of ash trees alters arthropod predator – prey food webs in forest plantations
<p>The data set contains data on:</p> <p>1] Prey type and size (sheet1: prey type and size). In the cells, prey length in mm is provided for each prey item. NA is stated for a prey item that could not be measured. In this sheet, the plot ids and the spider ids are also stated, which enables connection with other sheets. Note: more prey items caught by an individual are stated in one row if they are of different type. Prey items of a same type caught by an individual are itemized in more rows.</p> <p>2] Information about spider individuals (sheet2: spiders). For each spider individual, it is provided its id, so it can be connected with sheet 1, plot id where it was collected, when it was collected (month), web type, and prosoma length (mm). </p> <p>3] Characteristics of sampling plots (sheet3: environmental data). It is provided plot id, age, infestation degree by H<em>ymenoscyphus fraxineus</em>, canopy openness, shrub coverage, and herb coverage.</p> <p>4] Potential prey of spiders (sheet 4: potential prey). Standardized no. of prey per trap (20 x 15 cm, both sides were sticky) in each plot.</p>
Data from: Terrestrial contributions to Afrotropical aquatic food webs: the Congo River case
1. Understanding the degree to which aquatic and terrestrial primary production fuel tropical aquatic food webs remains poorly understood, and quantifying the relative contributions of autochthonous and allochthonous inputs is methodologically challenging. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ13C, δ15N) can provide valuable insights about contributions of terrestrial resources and trophic position respectively, but this approach has caveats when applied in typical complex natural food webs. 2. Here, we used a combination of C, N, and H (δ2H) stable isotope measurements and Bayesian mixing models to estimate the contribution of terrestrial (allochthonous) and aquatic (autochthonous) inputs to fish and invertebrate communities in the Congo River (and some tributaries). 3. Overall, our results show that we gained power to distinguish sources by using a multiple tracer approach and we were able to discriminate aquatic vs. terrestrial sources (esp. including hydrogen isotopes). Fish δ2H values were clearly correlated with their food preferences and revealed a high level of variation in the degree of allochthony in these tropical aquatic communities. 4. At the community level, it is clear that terrestrial C3 plants are an important source fueling the Congo River food web. However, in order to better constrain source contribution in these complex environments will require more robust constraints on stable isotope values of algal and methane-derived C sources.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.