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337 results for “forest birds”
Disentangling the contemporary and historical effects of landscape on population genomic variation of two bird species restricted to the highland forest enclaves of northeastern Brazil
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Investigating the impact of landscape features on patterns of genetic variation is crucial to understand spatially dependent evolutionary processes. Here, we assess the population genomic variation of two bird species (<em>Conopophaga cearae</em> and <em>Sclerurus cearensis</em>) through the Caatinga moist forest enclaves in northeastern Brazil. To infer the evolutionary dynamics of bird populations through the Late Quaternary, we used genome-wide polymorphism data obtained from double-digestion restriction-site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq), and integrated population structure analyses, historical demography models, paleodistribution modeling, and landscape genetics analyses. We found the population differentiation among enclaves to be significantly related to the geographic distance and historical resistance across the rugged landscape. The climate changes at the end of the Pleistocene to the Holocene likely triggered synchronic population decline in all enclaves for both species. Our findings revealed that both geographic distance and historical connectivity through highlands are important factors that can explain the current patterns of genetic variation. Our results further suggest that levels of population differentiation and connectivity cannot be explained purely on the basis of contemporary environmental conditions. By combining historical demographic analyses and niche modeling predictions in a historical framework, we provide strong evidence that climate fluctuations of the Quaternary promoted population differentiation and a high degree of temporal synchrony among population size changes in both species.</span></p>
Myoglobin as a conservation-relevant predictor of short-distance flight capacity in Neotropical forest birds
<p>Some forest-dwelling tropical bird species are unable or unwilling to fly even a few hundred meters across habitat discontinuities, restricting connectivity of isolated populations in fragmented landscapes. Experimental evidence for flight limitation has reliably predicted occurrence across archipelagoes of habitat fragments varying in their distance from potential source populations. Mechanistic explanations for large differences in flight capacity of tropical birds, even over remarkably short distances, have not been tested. We evaluated myoglobin concentration in pectoralis muscles and hearts of eight Neotropical species for which experimental evidence revealing a wide range of flight abilities exists. We found a strong positive relationship between myoglobin concentration in the pectoralis muscles, but not hearts, and average over-water flight distance during dispersal-challenge experiments. The approximately 2.5-fold difference in pectoralis myoglobin concentration is directly associated with flight capacity and allows predictions of species or species groups most likely to be impeded by habitat discontinuities and therefore at conservation risk in fragmented landscapes.</p>
Dry season intensity has equivocal effects on the nutritional condition of understory birds in a Neotropical forest
<p>Rainfall regime, the amount and timing of annual precipitation, can influence the breeding phenology, individual fitness, and population dynamics of tropical birds. In Neotropical regions with rainfall seasonality (i.e., wet and dry seasons), the warm phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) can exacerbate seasonal drought and negatively impact avian survival and reproduction. However, the mechanisms underlying associations between seasonal drought conditions and avian demography are largely unexplored. One hypothesis is that nutritional condition mediates demographic responses to seasonal drought– individuals in poor condition may be less capable of balancing their energy budgets and consequently suffer reduced survival, lower reproductive output, or both. We estimated nutritional condition (i.e., scaled mass index, percent hematocrit, plasma lipid metabolites) as a proxy of energy balance in understory forest birds with contrasting population-level responses to dry season length. This study took place across two dry seasons of differing intensity in central Panama– an El Niño dry season (2016, severe drought) and a more typical dry season (2017). Scaled mass index remained relatively constant throughout both dry seasons and across years for five common focal species and among four foraging guilds (22 additional species, 27 species total). Three of five focal species did exhibit reduced nutritional condition (i.e., lower hematocrit and/or higher β-hydroxybutyrate) during the El Niño dry season but not during the more typical dry season. However, foraging guilds did not show consistent nutritional responses to seasonal drought and we found little evidence of reduced nutritional condition at the guild level, suggesting that many Neotropical forest bird species are capable of tolerating seasonal drought.</p>
Data from: Disturbed Amazonian forests support diminished breeding bird communities
<p>Twenty percent of the Brazilian Amazon has now been deforested, and deforestation rates are increasing. This compels us to evaluate the conservation potential of human-modified landscapes, yet the ecological value of regenerating and fragmented Amazonian forests remains poorly understood. To date, most faunal studies in disturbed forests have examined metrics derived from presence or abundance. Although valuable, these data cannot tell us how old-growth species are using disturbed forests. In this study, we complement presence data with breeding observations to assess more comprehensively the habitat quality of disturbed forests in central Amazonia. We synthesized breeding evidence from standardized passive mist-netting, mixed-species flock-following, and opportunistic nest-searching across a full annual cycle in 30-35-year-old secondary forest, 10-ha fragments, and undisturbed forest. We then used multi-state occupancy models to estimate the number of undetected breeding species in each forest type, which illustrated that fewer species bred in secondary forest (-43%) and 10-ha fragments (-17%) than in undisturbed forest. Both of these losses are larger than the associated decrease in species richness alone (-17% and -10%, respectively). Notably, we confirmed breeding by only three terrestrial and near-ground insectivores in fragments and secondary forest combined (of the 9 species found in undisturbed forest). Disturbed forests also supported fewer breeding individuals (-35-50%) and, in secondary forest, fewer successful breeding attempts (-24%). Encouragingly, however, some forest-dependent birds are breeding and producing fledglings in disturbed forests, including representatives from almost every guild. This was especially apparent for mixed-species flocks and army-ant followers, two guilds that have historically been considered vulnerable to anthropogenic disturbance. Therefore, despite a loss of breeding habitat in disturbed forests, these data suggest that landscapes composed of regenerating forest and small fragments have conservation potential for forest bird populations.</p>
Data for: Interspecific competition and facilitation coexist in mixed-species bird flocks of montane coniferous forests in Taiwan
<p><span>Besides competition, positive interactions also play an important role in shaping the social structure of mixed-species bird flocks. This study aimed to illuminate the interspecific interactions of competition and facilitation in mixed-species bird flocks. We recorded the foraging behavior and microhabitat use of flocking species in montane coniferous forests of Taiwan under different social contexts. Foraging niche breadth and niche-overlap with other flocking species were compared between individuals inside and outside of mixed flocks. For the three microhabitat variables (foraging locations, vertical strata, and horizontal strata), relationships between niche-overlaps of heterospecific pairs of these flocking species and their corresponding interspecific associations were determined using a simple linear regression. While in mixed flocks, two understory species, Taiwan Fulvetta <em>Fulvetta formosana</em> and Yellowish-bellied Bush-Warbler <em>Horornis acanthizoides</em>, shifted their foraging from shrubs upwards into coniferous trees. Meanwhile, Flamecrests (<em>Regulus goodfellowi</em>) moved downwards vertically within the canopy, and Black-throated Tits (<em>Aegithalos concinnus</em>) spread out horizontally along branches. In addition, Flamecrests applied many more sally-hovers inside of mixed flocks than outside of flocks. All four species are insectivores which might find it more difficult to obtain sufficient food during the colder winters when food resources become scarcer. Therefore, they may be using the increased vigilance afforded by the flock to expand their foraging niches and thus to increase their foraging opportunities inside mixed flocks. Furthermore, niche-overlaps of heterospecific pairs of the 11 common flocking species were positively correlated with their corresponding interspecific associations on all three microhabitat variables. These results indicate that a greater foraging niche-overlap between two flocking species would result in higher coexistence of the two species in mixed flocks. Consequently, facilitative interactions occurred in these mixed-species flocks in addition to competitive interactions.</span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Hermes C, Döpper A, Schaefer MH, Segelbacher G (2016) Effects of forest fragmentation on the morphological and genetic structure of a dispersal-limited, endangered bird species. Nature Conservation 16: 39-58. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.16.10905
Development of species-specific microsatellite primers : Explanation note: The supplementary material contains a detailed description of the development of a set of 10 microsatellite primers for the Ecuadorian Tapaculo, including primer sequences and gene bank accession numbers.
FIGURE 2. A in Bird distributional patterns support biogeographical histories and are associated with bioclimatic units in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
FIGURE 2. A) Most parsimonious area cladogram from the distribution analysis of 331 genera and 823 species of forestdependent birds from 45 localities in the Atlantic Forest and the Amazon. Values of the nodes represent the frequencies of bootstrap replicates (10,000 replicates). B) Representation of cladogram groups on the map; the localities enclosed in gray polygons correspond to group 1, and those enclosed by black polygons correspond to group 2.
FIGURE 4 in Bird distributional patterns support biogeographical histories and are associated with bioclimatic units in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
FIGURE 4. Distributional patterns of shared unique species in group 2 of the area cladogram in Figure 2 (source: Ridgely et al., 2003).
FIGURE 1 in Bird distributional patterns support biogeographical histories and are associated with bioclimatic units in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
FIGURE 1. Localities used in the present study. White squares represent the localities of group 1 in the area cladogram of Figure 2; black symbols represent the localities of group 2 with circles in the Amazon and triangles in the Atlantic Forest. The blue lines represent the locations of the rivers proposed as biogeographical barriers in the Atlantic forest.
FIGURE 3 in Bird distributional patterns support biogeographical histories and are associated with bioclimatic units in the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
FIGURE 3. Distributional patterns of shared unique species in group 1 of the area cladogram in Figure 2 (source: Ridgely et al., 2003).
Forest fragmentation effects on mutualistic interactions: Frugivorous birds and fruiting trees
<p>While many effects of forest fragmentation are reasonably well understood, knowledge of interspecific interactions in fragmented ecosystems is much more limited, particularly for high-diversity tropical forests. Using nearly 40 years of data from the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project in Central Amazonia, we assessed whether forest fragment area and time since isolation impact mutualistic interactions between frugivorous birds and their food resources. We used structural equation modeling to analyze the complex pathways between four main variables determining these interactions: fruiting tree abundance, frugivorous bird abundance, forest fragment area, and time since fragment isolation. Our results confirm that fragment area alters the abundance of some tree resources, with successional plant families increasing in abundance with decreasing fragment size. However, these changes do not drive alterations in the abundance of frugivorous birds. We also tested if bird species with a greater relative diet breadth are less vulnerable to forest fragmentation and found that specialist frugivores are more vulnerable to forest fragmentation immediately after isolation but are not differentially impacted within the long term. Collectively, our results demonstrate the need to further evaluate human-driven habitat change across multiple timescales to fully understand its impacts on complex species interactions.</p>
Supplementary material 5 from: Ribeiro-Silva L, Perrella DF, Biagolini-Jr CH, Zima PVQ, Piratelli AJ, Schlindwein MN, Galetti-Jr PM, Francisco MR (2018) Use of camera traps for detecting nest predation of birds in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14678
Video of a nest of the Gray-hooded Flycatcher, Mionectes rufiventris, containing two nestlings, being depredated by Three-striped Short-tailed Opossum, Monodelphis americana. Note that the small mammal has climbed the closed nest, found its entrance, and has invaded the interior of the nest. :
Supplementary material 4 from: Ribeiro-Silva L, Perrella DF, Biagolini-Jr CH, Zima PVQ, Piratelli AJ, Schlindwein MN, Galetti-Jr PM, Francisco MR (2018) Use of camera traps for detecting nest predation of birds in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14678
Video of an Ocelot, Leopardus pardalis, depredating a nest of Gray-hooded Flycatcher, Mionectes rufiventris. The video shows the moment in which a nestling try to leave the nest and is captured in the air by the Ocelot. :
Supplementary material 3 from: Ribeiro-Silva L, Perrella DF, Biagolini-Jr CH, Zima PVQ, Piratelli AJ, Schlindwein MN, Galetti-Jr PM, Francisco MR (2018) Use of camera traps for detecting nest predation of birds in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14678
Video of a nest of the Blue Manakin, Chiroxiphia caudata, being depredated by The Red-breasted Toucan, Ramphastos dicolorus. The video shows a young in late nestling stage being removed from the nest and being carried away by the toucan. :
Supplementary material 2 from: Ribeiro-Silva L, Perrella DF, Biagolini-Jr CH, Zima PVQ, Piratelli AJ, Schlindwein MN, Galetti-Jr PM, Francisco MR (2018) Use of camera traps for detecting nest predation of birds in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14678
Video of the Red-breasted Toucan, Ramphastos dicolorus, consuming an egg of the Ruddy Quail-dove, Geotrygon montana. Seven days later, a second egg present in this nest was also consumed by a Red-breasted Toucan. :
Supplementary material 1 from: Ribeiro-Silva L, Perrella DF, Biagolini-Jr CH, Zima PVQ, Piratelli AJ, Schlindwein MN, Galetti-Jr PM, Francisco MR (2018) Use of camera traps for detecting nest predation of birds in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Zoologia 35: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3897/zoologia.35.e14678
Video of the Collared Forest-falcon, Micrastur semitorquatus, depredating a nest of White-necked Thrush, Turdus albicollis, containing three eggs. In this cloudy day, the infrared LEDs were activated. :
text-fig. 5. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Jurassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli, Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian), Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA; based on UCMP V 4214 and V 6468. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Forest Sandstone, Zimbabwe; composite reconstruction based on many isolated skull elements from the National Museum of Natural History in Harare (see Appendix), c, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Oxford Clay, England; based on OUM J 13558, unpreserved elements shaded. D, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation, China; redrawn from Zhao and Currie (1993b). E, Allosaurus fragilis, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on MOR 693. f, basal bird Archaeopteryx sp., Late Jurassic (Tithonian), lithographic limestones of Solnhofen, Germany; based on Wellnhofer (1974), Elzanowski and Wellnhofer (1996), and the Berlin, Eichstätt, and Munich specimens. G, Ceratosaurus sp., Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on USNM 4735 and UMNH VP 5278. H, Ornitholestes hermanni, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA, based on AMNH 619. Abbreviations as in Text-figure 4, and: If, lacrimal fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; nf, nasal foramen; pmf, promaxillary fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (b, f, h), 50 mm (c) and 100 mm (a, d, e, g). in The interrelationships and evolution of basal theropod dinosaurs
text-fig. 5. Skull reconstructions of representatives of Jurassic OTUs in left lateral view, a, Dilophosaurus wetherilli, Early Jurassic (Sinemurian-Pliensbachian), Kayenta Formation, Arizona, USA; based on UCMP V 4214 and V 6468. B, Syntarsus rhodesiensis, Early Jurassic (Hettangian-Sinemurian), Forest Sandstone, Zimbabwe; composite reconstruction based on many isolated skull elements from the National Museum of Natural History in Harare (see Appendix), c, Magnosaurus oxoniensis, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Oxford Clay, England; based on OUM J 13558, unpreserved elements shaded. D, Monolophosaurus jiangi, Middle Jurassic, Wucaiwan Formation, China; redrawn from Zhao and Currie (1993b). E, Allosaurus fragilis, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on MOR 693. f, basal bird Archaeopteryx sp., Late Jurassic (Tithonian), lithographic limestones of Solnhofen, Germany; based on Wellnhofer (1974), Elzanowski and Wellnhofer (1996), and the Berlin, Eichstätt, and Munich specimens. G, Ceratosaurus sp., Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA; based on USNM 4735 and UMNH VP 5278. H, Ornitholestes hermanni, Late Jurassic (Kimmeridgian-Tithonian), Morrison Formation, USA, based on AMNH 619. Abbreviations as in Text-figure 4, and: If, lacrimal fenestra; mf, maxillary fenestra; nf, nasal foramen; pmf, promaxillary fenestra. Scale bars represent 10 mm (b, f, h), 50 mm (c) and 100 mm (a, d, e, g).
Chronicle of Nature - Phenology of Birds of Bryansk Forest Nature Reserve
Birds Phenology dataset compiled in the context of Chronicle of Nature program in Bryansk Forest Nature Reserve (Russian Federation) consisting of 934 records collected during 38 years between 1971 and 2013.
Chronicle of Nature - Phenology of Birds of Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve
Birds Phenology dataset compiled in the context of Chronicle of Nature program in Central Forest State Nature Biosphere Reserve (Russian Federation) consisting of 499 records collected during 21 years between 1993 and 2013.
FIGURE 4 in On The Use Of 10-Minute Point Counts And 10-Species Lists For Surveying Birds In Lowland Atlantic Forests In Southeastern Brazil
FIGURE 4: Species accumulation curves of bird species surveyed with 10-species lists and 10-minute point counts as a function of the number of days in lowland Atlantic Forests in the municipalities of Bertioga and Santos, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.