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Fig. 9 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 9. Photomicrograph of holotype male of Micropresbyteria caputipressa Liu and Engel, new genus and species (RTMP-96-9-170).

Fig. 5 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 5. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Proliopteron redactus Liu and Engel, new genus and species (CAS-409).

Fig. 13 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 13. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Jerseucoila plesiosoma Liu and Engel, new genus and species (NJ-1006).

Fig. 20 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 20. Strict consensus of 11 shortest trees (L 5 227, CI 5 56, RI 5 79) resulting from parsimony analysis of Ronquist's (1995b) data matrix, supplemented with paleontological data for several Late Cretaceous amber fossils described herein. We have added to the original matrix two additional characters (refer to section on Cladistics) and four fossil taxa (i.e., Protimaspis, Stolamissus, Anteucoila, and Proliopteron). No constraints were applied to the search which consisted of: hold 10,000; mult 5,000; wh*; max* in NONA (Goloboff, 1997). Values above branches are the number of unambiguous character changes supporting particular nodes, while those below are Jackknife and Bootstrap values.

Fig. 12 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 12. Holotype female of Anteucoila delicia Liu and Engel, new genus and species (RTMP-96-9-785); note that the right antenna (lower one in image) is partially pulled from the head capsule and so the basalmost sclerites depicted are not portions of the antenna but are instead sclerotic debris.

Fig. 11 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 11. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Anteucoila delicia Liu and Engel, new genus and species (RTMP-96-9-785).

Fig. 17 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 17. Photomicrograph of holotype male of Tanaoknemus ecarinatus Liu and Engel, new genus and species (CAS-78).

Fig. 7 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 7. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Goerania petiolata Liu and Engel, new genus and species (CAS).

Fig. 3 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 3. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Stolamissus mirabilis Liu and Engel, new genus and species (NJ-709).

Fig. 15 in Phylogeny and Geological History of the Cynipoid Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea)

Fig. 15. Photomicrograph of holotype female of Syneucoila magnifica Liu and Engel, new genus and species (NJ-1075).

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Text-fig. 1. Geological sketch-map of the Ludvíkovice quarry area (adopted from the on-line geological map 1: 50 000 scale of the Czech Geological Survey – https://mapy.geology.cz/ geocr50/). in A New Oligocene Flora From Ludvíkovice Near Děčín (České Středohoří Mts., The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 1. Geological sketch-map of the Ludvíkovice quarry area (adopted from the on-line geological map 1: 50 000 scale of the Czech Geological Survey – https://mapy.geology.cz/ geocr50/).

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Text-fig. 1. Geological overview map of Saar-Nahe Basin (modified from Stapf (1990) and Uhl et al. (2004)). Asterisk (✽) marks position of localities at Remigiusberg. in New Data On The Macroflora Of The Basal Rotliegend Group (Remigiusberg Formation; Gzhelian) In The Saar-Nahe Basin (Sw-Germany)

Text-fig. 1. Geological overview map of Saar-Nahe Basin (modified from Stapf (1990) and Uhl et al. (2004)). Asterisk (✽) marks position of localities at Remigiusberg.

Text-fig. 18. Landscape reconstruction of the Late Miocene localities of the North Caucasus studied. a – general view of the reconstructed riparian biotope; b – periaquatic fauna. Drawings by S. Kruskop. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 18. Landscape reconstruction of the Late Miocene localities of the North Caucasus studied. a – general view of the reconstructed riparian biotope; b – periaquatic fauna. Drawings by S. Kruskop.

Text-fig. 17. Scatter diagram of length and width of Promephitis species from Late Miocene faunas of southern Europe and western Asia. a – Promephitis maeotica, p4, dex, Gaverdovsky, GIN-1144-301: labial (left) and lingual (right) views. b – P. maeotica, p4, sin, reversed, Novoelizavetovka, PIN-355: labial (left) and lingual (right) views. Scale 1 mm. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 17. Scatter diagram of length and width of Promephitis species from Late Miocene faunas of southern Europe and western Asia. a – Promephitis maeotica, p4, dex, Gaverdovsky, GIN-1144-301: labial (left) and lingual (right) views. b – P. maeotica, p4, sin, reversed, Novoelizavetovka, PIN-355: labial (left) and lingual (right) views. Scale 1 mm.

Text-fig. 14. Trogontherium (Euroxenomys) minutum. Volchaya Balka. Late Miocene deposits, North Caucasus. a – P4, b – M1, c – M2, GIN-1143-131, occlusal view. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 14. Trogontherium (Euroxenomys) minutum. Volchaya Balka. Late Miocene deposits, North Caucasus. a – P4, b – M1, c – M2, GIN-1143-131, occlusal view.

Text-fig. 19. Position of the studied faunas correlated to chronostratigraphic and biochronological charts. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 19. Position of the studied faunas correlated to chronostratigraphic and biochronological charts.

Text-fig. 15. Large mammal remains from Gaverdovsky and Volchaya Balka, Late Miocene, North Caucasus. a – Hipparion cf. moldavicum, SSC-RAS G-1/1, upper right M1–2, occlusal view, Gaverdovsky; b – Hipparion aff. gromovae, SSC-RAS G-1/2, lower right m3, occlusal view, Gaverdovsky; c – Hipparion sp., SSC-RAS G-1/4, lower right m1, occlusal view, Volchaya Balka; d–e – Microstonyx aff. major, SSC-RAS G-1/3, upper left dP4, d – occlusal view, e – lingual view, Volchaya Balka. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 15. Large mammal remains from Gaverdovsky and Volchaya Balka, Late Miocene, North Caucasus. a – Hipparion cf. moldavicum, SSC-RAS G-1/1, upper right M1–2, occlusal view, Gaverdovsky; b – Hipparion aff. gromovae, SSC-RAS G-1/2, lower right m3, occlusal view, Gaverdovsky; c – Hipparion sp., SSC-RAS G-1/4, lower right m1, occlusal view, Volchaya Balka; d–e – Microstonyx aff. major, SSC-RAS G-1/3, upper left dP4, d – occlusal view, e – lingual view, Volchaya Balka.

Text-fig. 13. Hypsodonty in different Collimys species. a, b, d, f – M1, labial view; c, e, g – m1, lingual view; a – C. transversus, Steinheim, late Middle Miocene ("MN 7"); b, c – C. longidens, Nebelbergweg, Middle-Late Miocene transition, MN 8/9; d, e – C. primus, Eichkogel, Late Miocene, MN 11; f, g – C. caucasicus sp. nov., Gaverdovsky (f) and Volchaya Balka (g, holotype), Late Miocene, MN 11. a–e – modified after Kälin and Engesser (2001). in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 13. Hypsodonty in different Collimys species. a, b, d, f – M1, labial view; c, e, g – m1, lingual view; a – C. transversus, Steinheim, late Middle Miocene ("MN 7"); b, c – C. longidens, Nebelbergweg, Middle-Late Miocene transition, MN 8/9; d, e – C. primus, Eichkogel, Late Miocene, MN 11; f, g – C. caucasicus sp. nov., Gaverdovsky (f) and Volchaya Balka (g, holotype), Late Miocene, MN 11. a–e – modified after Kälin and Engesser (2001).

Text-fig. 9. Bats from Late Miocene deposits, North Caucasus. a – Myotis sp. 1, right M2, GIN-1143-411; b – Myotis sp. 1, M2, dex, GIN-1143-412; c – Myotis sp. 2, m1 or m2, dex, GIN-1144- 311; e – Myotis sp. 2, M2, dex, GIN-1144-312; d – Eptesicus sp., M1 or M2, sin, GIN-1143-413. a, b, d – Volchaya Balka; c, e – Gaverdovsky. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 9. Bats from Late Miocene deposits, North Caucasus. a – Myotis sp. 1, right M2, GIN-1143-411; b – Myotis sp. 1, M2, dex, GIN-1143-412; c – Myotis sp. 2, m1 or m2, dex, GIN-1144- 311; e – Myotis sp. 2, M2, dex, GIN-1144-312; d – Eptesicus sp., M1 or M2, sin, GIN-1143-413. a, b, d – Volchaya Balka; c, e – Gaverdovsky.

Text-fig. 12. Scatter diagrams of upper (a) and lower (b) molars of Parapodemus lugdunensis, Gaverdovsky and Volchaya Balka, Late Miocene, North Caucasus. in Late Miocene (Early Turolian) Vertebrate Faunas And Associated Biotic Record Of The Northern Caucasus: Geology, Taxonomy, Palaeoenvironment, Biochronology

Text-fig. 12. Scatter diagrams of upper (a) and lower (b) molars of Parapodemus lugdunensis, Gaverdovsky and Volchaya Balka, Late Miocene, North Caucasus.