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Data from: Current inequality and future potential of US urban tree cover for reducing heat-related health impacts
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Supplementary data for the article "Ayahuasca Users in Estonia: Ceremonial Practices, Subjective Long-Term Effects, Mental Health and Quality of Life"
<p>The dataset contains qualitative data from a study of ayahuasca users in Estonia:</p> <p>Appendix 1 - Appendix 6: free-text answers (shuffled and edited for protection of confidentiality of the respondents), in Estonian.</p> <p>Appendices 7 and 8: study-specific questionnaires, in Estonian.</p> <p>The dataset provides supplementary information for the article "Ayahuasca Users in Estonia: Ceremonial Practices, Subjective Long-Term Effects, Mental Health and Quality of Life" (authors Helle Kaasik and Kairi Kreegipuu from University of Tartu, Estonia), submitted to <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujpd20">the Journal of Psychoactive Drugs</a> on April 30, 2019 and accepted for publication on December 3, 2019. More information about the study is available from Helle Kaasik (<a href="mailto:helle.kaasik@ut.ee">helle.kaasik@ut.ee</a>).</p> <p> </p> <p>In Estonian:</p> <p>Andmehulk sisaldab kvalitatiivseid andmeid Eesti ayahuasca kasutajate uurimisest.</p> <p>Lisa 1-6: vabatekstilised vastused (juhuslikus järjekorras ja toimetatud vastajate konfidentsiaalsuse tagamiseks);</p> <p>Lisa 7-8: uurimuses kasutatud küsimustikud.</p> <p>Andmestik on täienduseks teadusartiklile "Ayahuasca Users in Estonia: Ceremonial Practices, Subjective Long-Term Effects, Mental Health and Quality of Life", mille autorid on Helle Kaasik ja Kairi Kreegipuu Tartu Ülikoolist. Artikkel on saadetud avaldamiseks ajakirjale <a href="https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/ujpd20">Journal of Psychoactive Drugs</a>. Kommentaarid ja küsimused töö kohta on oodatud Helle Kaasiku e-mailile <a href="mailto:helle.kaasik@ut.ee">helle.kaasik@ut.ee</a></p>
Data from: Relation between 20-year income volatility and brain health in midlife: the CARDIA study
Objective: Income volatility presents a growing public health threat. To our knowledge, no previous study examined the relationship between income volatility, cognitive function and brain integrity. Methods: We studied 3,287 participants aged 23 to 35 years in 1990 from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults prospective cohort study. Income volatility data were created using income data collected from 1990 to 2010 and defined as standard deviation of percent change in income and number of income drops >=25% (categorized as 0, 1, or 2+). In 2010, cognitive tests (n=3,287) and brain scans (n=716) were obtained. Results: After covariate adjustment, higher income volatility was associated with worse performances on processing speed (β=-1.09, 95%CI=-1.73, -0.44) and executive functioning (β=2.53, 95%CI:0.60, 4.50) but not on verbal memory (β=-0.02, 95%CI:-0.16, 0.11). Similarly, additional income drops were associated with worse performances on processing speed and executive functioning. Higher income volatility and more income drops were also associated with worse microstructural integrity of total brain and total white matter. All findings were similar when restricted to those with high education, suggesting reverse causation may not explain these findings. Conclusion: Income volatility over a 20-year period of formative earning years was associated with worse cognitive function and brain integrity in midlife.
Data from: Findings from an exploration of a social network intervention to promote diet quality and health behaviours in older adults with COPD: a feasibility study
<p><span><b>Background: </b>Diet quality in older people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is associated with better health and lung function. Social factors, such as social support, social networks and participation in activities, have been linked with diet quality in older age. A social network tool – GENIE (Generating Engagement in Network Involvement) – was implemented in a COPD community care context. The study aimed to assess the feasibility of the GENIE intervention to promote diet quality and other health behaviours in COPD. </span></p> <p><span><b>Methods:</b> Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with COPD were recruited from a local COPD Service. Participants were offered usual care or the GENIE intervention. Process evaluation methods were used to assess intervention implementation, context and mechanisms of impact; <a name="_Hlk11247522">these included observations of patient interactions with the intervention, documented in observational field notes and in films of a patient group discussion.</a> Diet quality was assessed by food frequency questionnaire; 'prudent' diet scores were used to describe diet quality at baseline and at 3-month follow-up. Change in diet quality was expressed per month, from baseline to follow-up.</span></p> <p><b>Results: </b>Feasibility data showed that the GENIE intervention could be implemented in this sample of community-living older people. The intervention was acceptable to clinicians and older people with COPD, especially for those with less severe disease, when facilitated appropriately and considering the levels of literacy of participants. There was no significant change in diet quality in the intervention group over the follow-up period (median change in prudent diet score per month, (interquartile range (IQR)): 0.03, (-0.24 – 0.07)); whereas an overall fall in diet quality was observed in the control group (-0.15, (-0.24 – 0.03)).</p> <p><span><b>Conclusion: </b>The process evaluation findings suggest that this intervention is feasible and acceptable to both patients and clinicians. Although the sample size achieved in this study was small, findings suggest that the intervention may have a protective effect against declines in diet quality, and other health behaviours, in an older COPD population. Findings from this feasibility study indicate that further evaluation of the GENIE intervention is warranted in a larger study, with a longer follow-up.</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Qualitative data on: Sustainability drivers and inhibitors for the health system performance improvement projects in selected health facilities in Kenya
<p class="Normal2"><b>Objectives</b> to investigate the health managers perceived sustainability status of the health facilities institutional improvement projects and their experiences on factors that facilitated or constrained their maintenance, with intentions of informing relevant strategies or policies in Kenya's health sector.</p> <p><span><b>Methods </b>A<b> </b>qualitative study, nested within a quasi-experimental study. Thirty-three project-teams of health managers were purposively selected and interviewed based on their project implementation success rates post-training. The managers had previously undergone a 9-month leadership training, complimented with facility-based team coaching around the chosen projects. The training was funded by the USAID; however, the implementation of the projects was based on how the participants could innovatively utilize the existing resource to create a positive change. The projects were housed within 20 public, nine faith-based, and four private health facilities in 19 Counties in Kenya. The interviews explored the manager's experiences in sustaining the successfully implemented projects within the (24-60 months post-training period). We asked Managers to describe factors they perceived enabled or hindered the sustainability of the successfully implemented institutional improvement project. The digitally audio-recorded interviews were transcribed verbatim. Data on barriers and enablers were thematically analyzed. </span></p> <p><span><b>Results</b> Twenty-seven out of the 33 successfully implemented projects reported sustainability within periods ranging from 24-60 months post-training. Seven themes related to drivers of sustainability emerged, namely; program design, stakeholder's buy-in, board members, communication, coaching, presence of change champion, devolution and political good-will. Four sustainability inhibitors identified were; human resources constraints, policy implementation, misalignment of projects with daily operations, devolution and political interference. </span></p> <p><b>Conclusions </b>The sustainability of institutional improvement strategies such as projects implemented post-leadership training in public and private health facilities depends on the quality of board members, communication management and institutionalization of coaching culture. These findings are pertinent for planning and implementing similar health systems strengthening intervention in low-income countries.</p> <p class="Normal2"> </p>
Data from: Physician champions' perspectives and practices on electronic health records implementation: challenges and strategies
<p><span><span><span><b>Objective: </b>Physician champions are "boots on the ground" physician leaders who facilitate the implementation of, and transition to, new health information technology (HIT) systems within an organization. They are commonly cited as key personnel in HIT implementations, yet little research has focused on their practices and perspectives. </span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Methods: </b>We addressed this research gap through a qualitative study of physician champions that aimed to capture their challenges and strategies during a large-scale HIT implementation. Email interviews were conducted with 45 physician champions from diverse clinical areas five months after a new electronic health record (EHR) system went live in a large academic medical center. We adopted a grounded theory approach to analyze the data.</span></span></span></p> <p><span><span><span><b>Results: </b>Our physician champion participants reported multiple challenges, including insufficient training, limited at-the-elbow support, unreliable communication with leadership and the EHR vendor, as well as flawed system design. To overcome these challenges, physician champions developed their own personalized training programs in a simulated context or in the live environment, sought and obtained more at-the-elbow support both internally and externally, and adapted their departmental sociotechnical context to make the system work better.</span></span></span></p> <p><b>Discussion and Conclusion: </b>This study identified the challenges physician champions faced and the strategies they developed to overcome these challenges. Our findings suggest<b> </b>factors that are crucial to the successful involvement of physician champions in HIT implementations, including the availability of instrumental (e.g., reward for efforts), emotional (e.g., mechanisms for expressing frustrations), and peer support; ongoing engagement with the champions; and appropriate training and customization planning.</p>
Data from: Long-lasting insecticidal net use and asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia among household members of laboratory-confirmed malaria patients attending selected health facilities in Abuja, Nigeria, 2016: a cross-sectional survey
Introduction: In Nigeria, malaria remains a major burden. There is the presupposition that household members could have common exposure to malaria parasite and use of long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) could reduce transmission. This study was conducted to identify factors associated with asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia and LLIN use among households of confirmed malaria patients in Abuja, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from March to August 2016 in twelve health facilities selected from three area councils in Abuja, Nigeria. Participants were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Overall, we recruited 602 participants from 107 households linked to 107 malaria patients attending the health facilities. Data on LLIN ownership, utilization, and house characteristics were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Blood samples of household members were examined for malaria parasitaemia using microscopy. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and logistic regression (α=0.05). Results: Median age of respondents was 16.5 years (Interquartile range: 23 years); 55.0% were females. Proportions of households that owned and used at least one LLIN were 44.8% and 33.6%, respectively. Parasitaemia was detected in at least one family member of 102 (95.3%) index malaria patients. Prevalence of asymptomatic malaria parasitaemia among study participants was 421/602 (69.9%). No association was found between individual LLIN use and malaria parasitaemia (odds ratio: 0.9, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 0.6-1.3) among study participants. Having bushes around the homes was associated with having malaria parasitaemia (adjusted OR (aOR): 2.7, 95%CI: 1.7-4.2) and less use of LLIN (aOR: 0.4, 95%CI: 0.2-0.9). Living in Kwali (aOR: 0.1, 95% CI: 0.0-0.2) was associated with less use of LLIN. Conclusion: High prevalence of asymptomatic malaria and low use of LLIN among household members of malaria patients portend the risk of intra-household common source of malaria transmission. We recommend household health education on LLIN use and environmental management. Study to explore the role of preventive treatment of household members of confirmed malaria patient in curbing transmission is suggested. Strategies promoting LLIN use need to be intensified in Kwali.
Data from: Mental health in individuals with spinal cord injury: the role of socioeconomic conditions and social relationships
Objectives: To evaluate socioeconomic inequalities in social relationships, and to assess whether socioeconomic conditions and social relationships are independently related to mental health problems in individuals with a physical disability due to spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 511 individuals with SCI aged over 16 years who participated in the community survey of the Swiss SCI Cohort Study. Indicators for socioeconomic conditions included years of formal education, household income, and financial strain. Social relationships were operationalized by three structural (partner status, social contact frequency, number of supportive relationships) and four functional aspects (satisfaction with: overall social support, family relationships, contacts to friends, partner relationship). General mental health was assessed by the Mental Health Inventory (MHI-5) of SF-36 and depressive symptoms were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (depression subscale, HADS-D). Established cut-offs for general mental health problems (MHI-5 ≤56) and depressive symptomatology (HADS-D ≥8) were used to dichotomize outcomes. Associations were assessed using logistic regressions. Results: Lower household income was predominately associated with poor structural social relationships, whereas financial strain was robustly linked to poor functional social relationships. Financial strain was associated with general mental health problems and depressive symptomatology, even after controlling for social relationships. Education and household income were not linked to mental health. Poor structural and functional social relationships were related to general mental health problems and depressive symptomatology. Notably, trends remained stable after accounting for socioeconomic conditions. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for socioeconomic inequalities in social relationships as well as for independent associations of financial strain and poor social relationships with mental health problems in individuals with SCI. Further research may develop strategies to improve mental health in SCI by strengthening social relationships. Such interventions may be especially beneficial for individuals in unfavorable socioeconomic conditions.
Data from: Children in the Syrian civil war: the familial, educational, and public health impact of ongoing violence
The Syrian civil war since 2011 has led to one of the most complex humanitarian emergencies in history. The objective of this study was to document the impact of the conflict on the familial, educational, and public health state of Syrian children. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in May 2015. Health care workers visited families with a prospectively designed data sheet in 4 Northern Syrian governorates. The 1001 children included in this study originated from Aleppo (41%), Idleb (36%), Hamah (15%), and Lattakia (8%). The children's median age was 6 years (range, 0-15 years; interquartile range, 3-11 years), and 61% were boys. Almost 20% of the children were internally displaced, and 5% had deceased or missing parents. Children lacked access to safe drinking water (15%), appropriate sanitation (23%), healthy nutrition (16%), and pediatric health care providers (64%). Vaccination was inadequate in 72%. More than half of school-aged children had no access to education. Children in Idleb and Lattakia were at greater risk of having unmet public health needs. Younger children were at greater risk of having an incomplete vaccination state. After 4 years of civil war in Syria, children have lost parents, live in substandard life quality circumstances, and are at risk for outbreaks because of worsening vaccination states and insufficient availability of health care providers.
Data from: Interacting stressors matter: diet quality and virus infection in honey bee health
Honey bee population declines have been linked to multiple stressors, including reduced diet diversity and increased exposure to understudied viral pathogens. Despite interest in these factors, few experimental studies explored the interaction between diet diversity and viral infection in honey bees. Here, we used a mixture of laboratory cage and small semi-field nucleus hive experiments to determine how these factors interact. We found that high quality diets (polyfloral pollen and high quality single-source pollen) have the potential to reduce mortality in the face of infection with Israeli acute paralysis virus (IAPV).). There was a significant interaction between diet and virus infection on mortality, even in the presence of high virus titers, suggesting that good diets can help bees tolerate virus infection. Further, we found that extreme stress in the form of pollen starvation in conjunction with IAPV infection increase exiting behavior from small experimental hives. Finally, we showed that higher quality pollen diets have significantly higher iron and calcium content, suggesting micronutrient deficiencies could be an under explored area of bee nutrition.
Data from: Quality of evidence considered by Health Canada in granting full market authorization to new drugs with a conditional approval: a retrospective cohort study
Objectives: This study examines the characteristics of studies that Health Canada uses to grant full marketing authorization for products given a conditional approval between January 1, 1998 and June 30, 2017. Design: Cohort study. Data sources: Journal articles listing drugs that fulfilled their conditions and received full marketing authorization, Notice of Compliance database, Notice of Compliance with conditions web site, Qualifying Notices listing required confirmatory studies, clinicaltrials.gov, PubMed, Embase, companies making products being analyzed, journal articles resulting from confirmatory studies. Interventions: None Primary and secondary outcome measures: Characteristics of studies - study design (randomized controlled trials, observational), primary outcome used (clinical, surrogate), blinding, number of patients in studies, patient median age, number of men and women. Results: Eleven companies confirmed 36 publications for 19 products (21 indications). Twenty-nine out of the 36 studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) but only 10 stated if they were blinded. Twenty used surrogate outcomes. The median age of patients was 56 (interquartile range (IQR) 44, 61). The median number of men per study/trial was 184 (IQR 58, 514) versus women - 141 (IQR 46, 263). Conclusions: Postmarket studies required by Health Canada had more rigorous methodology than those required by either the Food and Drug Administration or the European Medicines Agency. There were still deficiencies in these studies. The absence of blinding in the majority of RCTs may introduce bias in their results. The use of surrogate outcomes especially in oncology trials means that improvements in survival are not available. The relatively young age of patients, even for products for cancer, means that predicting how the elderly will respond is often unknown. The almost universal finding that men outnumbered number women may make it hard to differentiate responses by sex. These results raise potential concerns about the quality of evidence that Health Canada accepts.
Data from: Economic costs and health-related quality of life for hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in China
Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common illness in China that mainly affects infants and children. The objective of this study is to assess the economic cost and health-related quality of life associated with HFMD in China. Method: A telephone survey of caregivers were conducted in 31 provinces across China. Caregivers of laboratory-confirmed HFMD patients who were registered in the national HFMD enhanced surveillance database during 2012-2013 were invited to participate in the survey. Total costs included direct medical costs (outpatient care, inpatient care and self-medication), direct non-medical costs (transportation, nutrition, accommodation and nursery), and indirect costs for lost income associated with caregiving. Health utility weights elicited using EuroQol EQ-5D-3L and EQ-Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) were used to calculate associated loss in quality adjusted life years (QALYs). Results: The subjects comprised 1136 mild outpatients, 1124 mild inpatients, 1170 severe cases and 61 fatal cases. The mean total costs for mild outpatients, mild inpatients, severe cases and fatal cases were $201 (95%CI $187, $215), $1072 (95%CI $999, $1144), $3051 (95%CI $2905, $3197) and $2819 (95%CI $2068, $3571) respectively. The mean QALY losses per HFMD episode for mild outpatients, mild inpatients and severe cases were 3.6 (95%CI 3.4, 3,9), 6.9 (95%CI 6.4, 7.4) and 13.7 (95%CI 12.9, 14.5) per 1000 persons. Cases who were diagnosed with EV-A71 infection and had longer duration of illness were associated with higher total cost and QALY loss. Conclusion: HFMD poses a high economic and health burden in China. Our results provide economic and health utility data for cost-effectiveness analysis for HFMD vaccination in China.
Data from: Requirements and access needs of patients with chronic disease to their hospital electronic health record: results of a cross-sectional questionnaire survey
Objectives: To identify patient's views on the functionality required for personalised access to the secondary care EHR and their priorities for development. Design: Quantitative analysis of a cross-sectional self-complete survey of patient views on required EHR functionality from a secondary care EHR, including a patient ranking of functionality. Setting: Secondary care patients attending a regional cystic fibrosis unit in the north of England Participants: 201 adults [106 (52.7%) male], median age 29 years (range 17-58 years) entered and completed the study. Inclusion criteria; a confirmed diagnosis of CF, aged 16 years and over, at a time of clinical stability Outcome measures: Quantitative responses within 4 themes; 1) value placed on aspects of the EHR; 2) access requirements to functions of the EHR; 3) views on information sent to the EHR 4) patient feedback entered into the EHR. A ranked score for 15 functions of the EHR was obtained Results: Highest ratings (% reporting item as very important/important) were reported for access to clinical measures [lung function (94%), CRP (84%), sputum microbiology (81%) and blood results (80%)], medication changes (82%) and lists (83%) and sending repeat prescription (83%) and treatment requests (80%), whilst sending symptom diaries was less so (62%). Email contact with clinicians was the most valuable communication element of the EHR (84% very important/important). Of 15 features of the EHR [1=most desirable to 15=least desirable) patients identified 'clinical measures' [2.62 (CI 2.07-3.06)], and 'access to medication lists' [4.91 (CI 4.47-5.44)], as highest priority for development and the ability to comment on errors/ommissions [11.0 (CI 10.6-11.5)] or experience of care [11.8 (CI 11.4-12.2)] as lowest. Conclusions: Patients want extensive personal access to their hospital EHR, placing high importance on the viewing of practical clinical measures and medication management. These influence routine day to day care and are priorities for development
Data from: Validation of an algorithm for identifying MS cases in administrative health claims datasets
Objective: To develop a valid algorithm for identifying multiple sclerosis (MS) cases in administrative health claims (AHC) datasets. Methods: We used 4 AHC datasets from the Veterans Administration (VA), Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC), Manitoba (Canada), and Saskatchewan (Canada). In the VA, KPSC, and Manitoba, we tested the performance of candidate algorithms based on inpatient, outpatient, and disease-modifying therapy (DMT) claims compared to medical records review using sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and interrater reliability (Youden J statistic) both overall and stratified by sex and age. In Saskatchewan, we tested the algorithms in a cohort randomly selected from the general population. Results: The preferred algorithm required ≥3 MS-related claims from any combination of inpatient, outpatient, or DMT claims within a 1-year time period; a 2-year time period provided little gain in performance. Algorithms including DMT claims performed better than those that did not. Sensitivity (86.6%–96.0%), specificity (66.7%–99.0%), positive predictive value (95.4%–99.0%), and interrater reliability (Youden J = 0.60–0.92) were generally stable across datasets and across strata. Some variation in performance in the stratified analyses was observed but largely reflected changes in the composition of the strata. In Saskatchewan, the preferred algorithm had a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 99%, positive predictive value of 99%, and negative predictive value of 96%. Conclusions: The performance of each algorithm was remarkably consistent across datasets. The preferred algorithm required ≥3 MS-related claims from any combination of inpatient, outpatient, or DMT use within 1 year. We recommend this algorithm as the standard AHC case definition for MS.
Data from: Association of work-related stress with mental health problems in a special police force unit
Objectives. Law and order enforcement tasks may expose special force police officers to significant psychosocial risk factors. The aim of this work is to investigate the relationship between job stress and the presence of mental health symptoms while controlling for socio-demographical, occupational and personality variables in special force police officers. Method: At different time points, 292 out of 294 members of the 'VI Reparto Mobile', a special police force engaged exclusively in the enforcement of law and order, responded to our invitation to complete questionnaires for the assessment of personality traits, work-related stress (using the demand-control-support (DCS) and the effort-reward-imbalance (ERI) models), and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety and burnout. Results: Regression analyses showed that lower levels of support and reward and higher levels of effort and overcomittment were associated with higher levels of mental health symptoms. Psychological screening revealed 21 (7.3%) likely cases of mild depression (BDI ≥10). Officers who had experienced a discrepancy between work effort and rewards showed a marked increase in the risk of depression (OR 7.89 95%CI 2.32-26.82) when compared with their counterparts who did not perceive themselves to be in a condition of distress. Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that self-reported work-related stress may play a role in the development of mental health problems in police officers. The prevalence of mental health symptoms in the cohort investigated here was low, but not negligible in the case of depression. Since special forces police officers have to perform sensitive tasks for which a healthy psychological functioning is needed, the results of this study suggest that steps should be taken to prevent distress and improve the mental well-being of these workers.
Data from: Primary care follow-up and measured mental health outcomes among women referred for ultrasound assessment of pain and/or bleeding in early pregnancy: a quantitative questionnaire study
Objectives To examine the extent of primary care follow-up and mental health outcomes among women referred for ultrasound assessment of pain and/or bleeding in early pregnancy, including those whose pregnancy is found to be viable on ultrasound assessment. Design Questionnaire study with prospective follow-up. Setting Urgent gynaecology clinic in secondary care, England. Participants 57 women participated in the study. Entry criteria: referral to the urgent gynaecology clinic with pain and/or bleeding in early pregnancy; gestation less than 16 weeks (the clinic's own 'cut-off'); no previous attendance at the clinic during the current pregnancy. Exclusion criteria: inability to understand English or to provide informed consent. Primary and secondary outcome measures Incidence of primary care follow-up among women referred to the urgent gynaecology clinic; incidence of women with measured mental health scores suggesting significant symptoms of distress. Results Fewer than 1 in 10 women referred for ultrasound assessment of pain and/or bleeding in early pregnancy had follow-up arrangements made with their general practitioner (GP). Most women who had GP follow-up found it helpful and a significant minority of women who did not have GP follow-up felt that it would have been helpful. Following ultrasound assessment, more than one-third of women had significant symptoms of distress. Symptoms of distress, particularly anxiety, were present among those women found to have viable pregnancies, as well as among those with non-viable pregnancies. Conclusions GPs are advised to consider offering follow-up to all women referred for ultrasound assessment of pain and/or bleeding in early pregnancy. Researchers in this area are advised to consider the experiences of women with pain and/or bleeding in early pregnancy whose pregnancies are ultimately found to be viable on ultrasound scan.
Data from: Effects of a novel fish transport system on the health of adult fall Chinook salmon
Movement past hydroelectric dams and related in-river structures has important implications for habitat connectivity and population persistence in migratory fish. A major problem is that many of these structures lack effective fish passage facilities, which can fragment spawning and rearing areas and negatively impact recruitment. While traditional fish passage facilities (e.g., ladders, trap and haul) can effectively enable fish to pass over barriers, their capital or operational costs can be significant. We evaluated the utility of a novel transport device that utilizes a flexible tube with differential internal air pressure to pass fish around in-river barriers. A total of N = 147 adult fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) nearing maturation were apportioned to three treatments and a control group. In two of the treatments, adult fall Chinook salmon were transported through the device via two lengths of tube (12 or 77 m) and their injury, stress, and immune system responses and reproductive function were compared to a third treatment where fish were moved by a standard trap and haul method and also to a control group. We observed no significant differences among the treatment or control groups in post-treatment adult survival, injury or stress. Indicators of immune system response and reproductive readiness were also not significantly different among the four groups. Egg survival was significantly different among the groups, with the highest survival in the eggs from females transported 77 m and lowest in the control group; the differences were highly variable within groups and not consistent with the duration of treatment or degree of handling. Taken together, the results suggest the device did not injure or alter normal physiological functioning of adult fall Chinook salmon nearing maturation and may provide an effective method for transporting such fish around in-river barriers during their spawning migration.
Data from: Is the association between health-related quality of life and fatigue mediated by depression in patients with multiple sclerosis? A Spanish cross sectional study
Objectives: To determine the mediating effects of depression on health-related quality of life and fatigue in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Tertiary urban hospital. Participants: One hundred and eight patients (54% women) with MS participated in this study. Outcome measures: Demographic and clinical data (weight, height, medication, and neurological impairment), fatigue (Fatigue Impact Scale-FIS), depression (Beck Depression Inventory-BDI/II) and health-related quality of life (Short-Form Health Survey 36 - SF36) were collected. Results: Fatigue was significantly associated with bodily pain, physical function, mental health and depression. Depression was associated with bodily pain and mental health. The path analysis found direct effect from physical function, bodily pain and depression to fatigue (all, P<0.01). The path model analysis revealed that depression exerted a mediator effect from bodily pain to fatigue (B=-0.04, P<0.01) and from mental health to fatigue (B=-0.16 P<0.01). The amount of fatigue explained by all predictors in the path model was 37%. Conclusions: This study found that depression mediates the relationship between some health-related quality of life domains and fatigue in people with MS. Future longitudinal studies focusing on proper management of depressive symptoms in individuals with MS will help to determine the clinical implications of these findings.
Data from: Screening primary-care patients forgoing health care for economic reasons
Background: Growing social inequities have made it important for general practitioners to verify if patients can afford treatment and procedures. Incorporating social conditions into clinical decision-making allows general practitioners to address mismatches between patients' health-care needs and financial resources. Objectives: Identify a screening question to, indirectly, rule out patients' social risk of forgoing health care for economic reasons, and estimate prevalence of forgoing health care and the influence of physicians' attitudes toward deprivation. Design: Multicenter cross-sectional survey. Participants: Forty-seven general practitioners working in the French–speaking part of Switzerland enrolled a random sample of patients attending their private practices. Main Measures: Patients who had forgone health care were defined as those reporting a household member (including themselves) having forgone treatment for economic reasons during the previous 12 months, through a self-administered questionnaire. Patients were also asked about education and income levels, self-perceived social position, and deprivation levels. Key Results: Overall, 2,026 patients were included in the analysis; 10.7% (CI95% 9.4-12.1) reported a member of their household to have forgone health care during the 12 previous months. The question "Did you have difficulties paying your household bills during the last 12 months" performed better in identifying patients at risk of forgoing health care than a combination of four objective measures of socio-economic status (gender, age, education level, and income) (R2=0.184 vs. 0.083). This question effectively ruled out that patients had forgone health care, with a negative predictive value of 96%. Furthermore, for physicians who felt powerless in the face of deprivation, we observed an increase in the odds of patients forgoing health care of 1.5 times. Conclusion: General practitioners should systematically evaluate the socio-economic status of their patients. Asking patients whether they experience any difficulties in paying their bills is an effective means of identifying patients who might forgo health care.
Data from: A database of human exposomes and phenomes from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a population survey implemented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to monitor the health of the United States whose data is publicly available in hundreds of files. This Data Descriptor describes a single unified and universally accessible data file, merging across 255 separate files and stitching data across 4 surveys, encompassing 41,474 individuals and 1,191 variables. The variables consist of phenotype and environmental exposure information on each individual, specifically (1) demographic information, physical exam results (e.g., height, body mass index), laboratory results (e.g., cholesterol, glucose, and environmental exposures), and (4) questionnaire items. Second, the data descriptor describes a dictionary to enable analysts find variables by category and human-readable description. The datasets are available on DataDryad and a hands-on analytics tutorial is available on GitHub. Through a new big data platform, BD2K Patient Centered Information Commons (http://pic-sure.org), we provide a new way to browse the dataset via a web browser (https://nhanes.hms.harvard.edu) and provide application programming interface for programmatic access.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.