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532 results for “middle Eocene”
FIGURE 9. Chart comparing m1-2 in Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 2: Apatotheria, Lipotyphla, Carnivoramorpha, Condylartha, Dinocerata, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla
FIGURE 9. Chart comparing m1-2 anteroposterior length (ap) versus m1-2 talonid width (trp) in mm of specimens of Nyctitherium velox (including two referred specimens from TBM, SDSNH 110409 and UCM 68967) and holotype m1- 2 (SDSNH 110393) of Nyctitherium gunnelli new species. Black solid filled squares/circles are m1s and white filled squares/circles are m2s. Except for SDSNH 110409 and UCM 68967, measurements of other specimens of N. velox from Robinson (1968a) and Krishtalka (1976b).
FIGURE 14 in Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 2: Apatotheria, Lipotyphla, Carnivoramorpha, Condylartha, Dinocerata, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla
FIGURE 14. Homacodon sp., cf. H. vagans from TBM. Partial Rp3 (UCM 95810) in occlusal (1), lingual (2), and labial (3) views. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 7 in Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 2: Apatotheria, Lipotyphla, Carnivoramorpha, Condylartha, Dinocerata, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla
FIGURE 7. Nyctitherium gunnelli new species from TBM, associated Lp4-m2 (SDSNH 110393, holotype): Lp4 in occlusal (1), labial (4), and lingual (7) views; Lm1 in occlusal (2), labial (5), and lingual (8) views; Lm2 in occlusal (3), labial (6), and lingual (9) views. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 13. Perissodactyla from TBM. 1-4 in Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 2: Apatotheria, Lipotyphla, Carnivoramorpha, Condylartha, Dinocerata, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla
FIGURE 13. Perissodactyla from TBM. 1-4, Triplopus sp., cf. T. obliquidens, partial left dentary with alveolus for p1, p2, partial p3, p4 and partial m1 (UCM 69053 with 1, 3-4 original specimen, 2 cast showing detail better) in occlusal (1- 2), labial (3) and lingual (4) views. 5-6, Epihippus sp., cf. E. gracilis, Rp3 (SDSNH 110408) in occlusal (5) and lingual (6) views. Scale bars for 1-2 and 3-4 equals 5 mm. Scale bar for 5-6 equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 6. Geolabididae from TBM. 1-4 in Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 2: Apatotheria, Lipotyphla, Carnivoramorpha, Condylartha, Dinocerata, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla
FIGURE 6. Geolabididae from TBM. 1-4, Centetodon bembicophagus: LP4 (UCM 68681) in occlusal view (1); partial Lm1 or 2 (UCM 68899) in occlusal view (2); Lm1 or 2 (DMNH 75256) in occlusal view (3); Lm3 (DMNH 75257) in occlusal view (4). 5-10, Centetodon pulcher: partial dentary with Lp4-m1 (UCM 95767) in occlusal (5) and labial (6) views; Rm1 or 2 (UCM 95768) in occlusal view (7); partial dentary with Lp1 and p4-m3 (UCM 68963) in occlusal (8), labial (9), and lingual (10) views. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 4. Entomolestes westgatei new species from TBM. 1-2 in Mammals from the earliest Uintan (middle Eocene) Turtle Bluff Member, Bridger Formation, southwestern Wyoming, USA, Part 2: Apatotheria, Lipotyphla, Carnivoramorpha, Condylartha, Dinocerata, Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla
FIGURE 4. Entomolestes westgatei new species from TBM. 1-2, partial dentary with Lp4-m1 (UCM 95687, holotype) in labial (1) and occlusal (2) views. 3-5, partial dentary with partial Rm1 and m2-3 (UCM 67884) in occlusal (3), labial (4), and lingual (5) views. Scale bar equals 1 mm.
FIGURE 6 in Apatemyids (Mammalia, Apatotheria) from the middle Chadronian (late Eocene) of Sioux County, Nebraska, US
FIGURE 6. Teeth of Sinclairella dakotensis from Sioux County, Nebraska. 1, right M1 (UMPC 14860); 2, right M3 (UMPC 14864); 3, left P4 (SDSM 10392); 4, left M1 (UMPC 13937); 5, left M2 (UMPC 14862); 6, right M3 (UMPC 14863) (reversed); 7, left p2 (SDSM 10244) (reversed); 8, right m1 (UMPC 14861); 9, left m2 (UMPC 14866) (reversed); 10, left m3 (SDSM 10245) (reversed); 11, right m1 (UMPC 13938) and 12, left m2 (UMPC 13869). Teeth are shown in occlusal view. Divisions in scale are approximately 1 mm.
FIGURE 3. Apatemyid first molars from Raben Ranch. 1 and 2, right m1s in Apatemyids (Mammalia, Apatotheria) from the middle Chadronian (late Eocene) of Sioux County, Nebraska, US
FIGURE 3. Apatemyid first molars from Raben Ranch. 1 and 2, right m1s of Sinclairella dakotensis (SDSM 10241) and 3, right m1 of Apatemys sp. (SDSM 10242). Teeth are shown in occlusal view. Scale is approximately 1 mm.
FIGURE 4 in Apatemyids (Mammalia, Apatotheria) from the middle Chadronian (late Eocene) of Sioux County, Nebraska, US
FIGURE 4. Plot of apatemyid M2 width x length. Circles indicate Sinclairella dakotensis specimens. Squares indicate Apatemys specimens. The open square indicates the Whitehead Creek specimen described in this study. Data for AMNH 56046 and YPM 15284 are from West and Atkins (1970). Data for (RSM) P2374.006 are from Meyer (2007). Sinclairella data come from Clemens (1964), Cavin and Samuels (2012), and this study.
FIGURE 5 in Apatemyids (Mammalia, Apatotheria) from the middle Chadronian (late Eocene) of Sioux County, Nebraska, US
FIGURE 5. Plot of natural log width x length of M2, open symbols above diagonal, and m1, solid symbols below diagonal from different apatemyid species, the M2 from Whitehead Creek (UMPC 14190), and the m1 from Raben Ranch (SDSM 10242). Note the compatible size relationship between the specimens from the Chadronian of Sioux County, Nebraska (circles). Data are compiled from the following sources: Apatemys chardini (Gingerich, 1982; Ma, 1998), A. bellulus (Gazin, 1958; Ma, 1998), A. bellus (Gazin, 1958; West, 1973; Ma, 1998), Sinclairella dakotensis (Clemens, 1964; Ostrander, 1987; Cavin and Samuels, 2012; this study).
FIGURE 2. Apatemys specimens from the Whitehead Creek locality. 1, left M2 in Apatemyids (Mammalia, Apatotheria) from the middle Chadronian (late Eocene) of Sioux County, Nebraska, US
FIGURE 2. Apatemys specimens from the Whitehead Creek locality. 1, left M2 (UMPC 14190) and 2, left M3 (UMPC 14191). Teeth are shown in occlusal view. Scale is approximately 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Apatemyids (Mammalia, Apatotheria) from the middle Chadronian (late Eocene) of Sioux County, Nebraska, US
FIGURE 1. Apatemyid localities in Sioux County, Nebraska. R: Raben Ranch locality of Ostrander (1980, 1987); A: Anthill locality of Hough and Alf (1956); T: Twin Buttes locality of Ostrander (1985); S: Sand Creek locality; O: Orella Road locality; W: Whitehead Creek locality.
FIGURE 8 in Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia
FIGURE 8. Morphological variation of the lower molars (in occlusal view) of Cachiyacuy contamanensis from CTA-27. 1, MUSM 1878; 2, MUSM 2704; 3, MUSM 2684; 4, MUSM 2708; 5, MUSM 2692; 6, MUSM 2701; 7, MUSM 2714; 8, MUSM 2689; 9, MUSM 1915; 10, MUSM 1914. Original computerized schemas (1-10) by Myriam Boivin.
FIGURE 6 in Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia
FIGURE 6. Scanning electron microscope images of fossil caviomorph teeth from CTA-29. Pozomys ucayaliensis gen. et sp. nov. (1-6), Cachiyacuy cf. contamanensis 2 (7-12), Caviomorpha indet. 5 (13), Caviomorpha indet. 6 (14) and Cavioidea or Chinchilloidea indet. (15-17). 1, right m1-2, occlusal view (MUSM 2822); 2, left p4, occlusal view (MUSM 2821, reversed); 3, fragmentary right M3, occlusal view (MUSM 2819); 4, right M2, occlusal view (MUSM 2833); 5, right m1-2, labial view (MUSM 2822); 6, right m1-2, lingual view (MUSM 2822); 7, left dp4, occlusal view (MUSM 2825); 8, right m1, occlusal view (MUSM 2827, reversed); 9, right dP4, occlusal view (MUSM 2828, reversed); 10, left M1, occlusal view (MUSM 2831); 11, right M2, occlusal view (MUSM 2563, reversed); 12, fragmentary left M2, occlusal view (MUSM 2832); 13, right dp4, occlusal view (MUSM 2838); 14, fragmentary right upper molar, occlusal view (MUSM 2839); 15, right m2, occlusal view (MUSM 2835); 16, right dp4, occlusal view (MUSM 2834); 17, fragmentary right upper molar, occlusal view (MUSM 2836, reversed).
FIGURE 5 in Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia
FIGURE 5. Scanning electron microscope images (in occlusal view) of fossil caviomorph teeth from CTA-47 (1-4), CTA-51 (5-12), CTA-73 (13-14) and CTA-66 (15-16).?Canaanimys sp. (1-2),?Cachiyacuy kummeli (3), Caviomorpha indet. 1 (4), Cachiyacuy cf. contamanensis 1 (5-7), Caviomorpha indet 2 (8-10), Cachiyacuy cf. kummeli (11), Eoespina sp. (12), Caviomorpha indet 3 (13), Caviomorpha indet 4 (14) and Eobranisamys sp. (15-16). 1, fragmentary right dp4 (MUSM 2645); 2, fragmentary left lower molar (MUSM 2646); 3, fragmentary left dP4 (MUSM 2648); 4, fragmentary right lower molar (MUSM 2647); 5, fragmentary right dp4 (MUSM 2651, reversed); 6, left m1 (MUSM 2652); 7, left m3 (MUSM 2653); 8, fragmentary right lower molar (MUSM 2656); 9, fragmentary left dP4 (MUSM 2657); 10, fragmentary left upper molar (MUSM 2658); 11, fragmentary left M1 (MUSM 2654); 12, right M2 (MUSM 2655); 13, fragmentary right lower molar (MUSM 2659); 14, fragmentary left upper molar (MUSM 2660); 15, fragmentary left upper molar? (MUSM 2841); 16, fragmentary left upper molar (MUSM 2842). Top scale for 1-12, bottom scale for 13-16.
FIGURE 4 in Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia
FIGURE 4. Scanning electron microscope images (in occlusal view) of fossil caviomorph teeth from CTA-27. Cachiyacuy contamanensis (1-6), Eobranisamys javierpradoi sp. nov. (7-8), Cachiyacuy kummeli (9-13), Canaanimys maquiensis (13-16) and cf. Eoespina sp. (17). 1, right m3 (MUSM 2713); 2, right m2 (MUSM 1914); 3, right m2 (MUSM 1915); 4, right p4 (MUSM 2678); 5, fragmentary right dp4 (MUSM 2670); 6, left M3 (MUSM 2758); 7, right dP4 (MUSM 2797); 8, fragmentary left M3 (MUSM 2801); 9, left dp4 (MUSM 2762); 10, left p4 (MUSM 2766); 11, right m3 (MUSM 2780, reversed); 12, left M1 (MUSM 2785); 13, left M2 (MUSM 2786); 14, fragmentary right M3 (MUSM 2794); 15, right M3 (MUSM 2793); 16, left M3 (MUSM 2792, reversed); 17, fragmentary left M2 (MUSM 2802). Top scale for 1-13, bottom scale for 14-17.
FIGURE 3 in Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia
FIGURE 3. Dental nomenclature for lower teeth in occlusal view. 1, lower molar; 2, p4; 3, dp4. 1, protoconid; 2, metaconid; 3, mesoconid; 4, entoconid; 5, hypoconid; 6, mesostylid; 7, metalophulid I; 8, posterior arm of the metaconid; 9, posterior arm of the protoconid; 10, neomesolophid; 11, second transverse cristid; 12, mesolophid; 13, rest of the mesolophid?; 14, ectolophid; 15, mesial ectolophid; 16, distal ectolophid; 17, hypolophid; 18, anterior arm of the entoconid; 19, posterior arm of the entoconid; 20, anterior arm of the hypoconid; 21, posterior arm of the hypoconid; 22, anterior outgrowth of the hypoconid; 23, posterolophid; 24, anteroflexid/anterofossettid; 25, mesoflexid; 26, mesial mesoflexid; 27, distal mesoflexid; 28, confluence of the anteroflexid with the mesoflexid; 29, hypoflexid; 30, metaflexid; 31, confluence of the hypoflexid with the metaflexid. Based on observations made on the new material, the dental terminology is modified after Wood and Wilson (1936), Fields (1957), Marivaux et al. (2004, 2017) and Antoine et al. (2012).
FIGURE 1 in Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia
FIGURE 1. Geographic location and Cenozoic stratigraphy of the Contamana area, Peru. 1, location map of the Contamana area in Peruvian Amazonia (Loreto Department). 2-3, synthetic stratigraphic units of the complete Contamana Cenozoic sequence along the Cachiyacu stream (modified after Antoine et al., 2016, figure 3), including fossil-bearing levels, among which Eocene rodent-yielding localities CTA-47, CTA-51, CTA-73, CTA-27, CTA-66, and CTA-29. Note also in the same section, the location of the other rodent-bearing localities, designated by an asterisk, in the Pozo, Chambira and Pebas Fm.; 2, NE Flank of the Maquía Anticline; 3, SW Flank of the Maquía Anticline. Modified from Antoine et al. (2012, 2016). Fm., Formation.
FIGURE 2 in Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia
FIGURE 2. Dental nomenclature for upper teeth in occlusal view. 1, upper molar; 2, P4; 3, dP4. 1, paracone; 2, protocone; 3, metacone; 4, hypocone; 5, parastyle; 6, mesostyle; 7, anteroloph; 8, anterior arm of the protocone; 9, posterior arm of the protocone (= lingual protoloph); 10, posterior outgrowth of the protocone; 11, protoloph (= labial protoloph); 12, mure; 13, third transverse crest (= central transverse crest); 14, mesolophule; 15, mesoloph; 16, anterior arm of the hypocone; 17, metaloph; 18, posteroloph; 19, paraflexus; 20, hypoflexus/hypofossette; 21, confluence of the paraflexus with the hypoflexus; 22, mesoflexus/mesofossette; 23, metaflexus; 24, confluence of the metaflexus with the posteroflexus; 25, posteroflexus. Based on observations made on the new material, the dental terminology is modified after Wood and Wilson (1936), Fields (1957), Marivaux et al. (2004, 2017) and Antoine et al. (2012).
FIGURE 7 in Late middle Eocene caviomorph rodents from Contamana, Peruvian Amazonia
FIGURE 7. Morphological variation of the p4 (in occlusal view) of Cachiyacuy contamanensis from CTA-27. 1, MUSM 2674; 2, MUSM 2676; 3, MUSM 2677; 4, MUSM 1879; 5, MUSM 2678. Original computerized schemas (1-5) by Myriam Boivin.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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