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FIG. 1 in Early Eocene Caenogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Haymana-Polatl Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey): taxonomy and palaeoecology

FIG. 1. — Geological map of the Paleocene-Eocene units exposed in the studied region and sample points of the MacunkÖy section (from Bilgin et al. 2009): 1, Eskipolatlı Formation; 2, llgınlıkdere Formation; 3, Kırkkavak Formation; 4, Kırkkavak Formation; Kayabaşı Member; 5, Kartal Formation.

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FIG. 6 in Early Eocene Caenogastropods (Mollusca, Gastropoda) from Haymana-Polatl Basin, Central Anatolia (Turkey): taxonomy and palaeoecology

FIG. 6. — Caenogastropods (deposited in the repositories of the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration, Ankara): A, Cerithium puigcercosensis (Cossmann, 1897) n. comb.; B-F, Vicinocerithium cf. subacutum (d'Orbigny, 1850); G, S, Bellatara ankaraensis n. sp., holotype; H, I, Tympanotonos turris (Deshayes, 1833); J, Cerithium cf. anguloseptum Rauff, 1884; K-M, Gantechinobathra vulcani (Brongniart, 1823); P-R, "Crommium" sp. 2. Scale bars: 1 cm.

FIG. 6 in Herpetological assemblages from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe: palaeoecological significance

FIG. 6. — Compositions of snake faunas in several early Biharian sites in Bad Deutsch-Altenburg (DA) from the oldest locality (DA 2A) towards the youngest one (DA 4B). Coluber viridiflavus (+ cf., aff.): C. viridiflavus + C. cf. viridiflavus + C. aff. viridiflavus; Elaphe longissima (+ aff.): E. longissima + E. aff. longissima; Natrix natrix (+ aff.): N. natrix + N. aff. natrix. Data according to Ivanov (1997a).

FIG. 3 in Herpetological assemblages from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe: palaeoecological significance

FIG. 3. — Pliocene and Pleistocene record of extinct amphibian and reptile species within the area of Central Europe. Grey strips represent two periods of extinction of Central European herpetofauna during the Pliocene and Pleistocene periods. Abbreviations: KG, Kozi Grzbiet; RK, Rebielice Królewskie 1A; cf., aff., uncertain determinations.

FIG. 7 in Herpetological assemblages from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe: palaeoecological significance

FIG. 7. — Percentages of "Mediterranean", "boreal", and all other amphibian and reptile taxa of early Pleistocene localities in Austria, Czechia, and Poland. The given numbers represent the total percentage representation of reported osteological material of squamate reptiles within the whole herpetological assemblage in each locality. *0% = value below 0.5%. Data according to Mais & Rabeder (1984), Rauscher (1992), and Ivanov (1996, 1997a, c).

FIG. 5 in Herpetological assemblages from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe: palaeoecological significance

FIG. 5. — Result of cluster analysis which is based on the comparison of percentage representation of number of "Mediterranean" (+ C. viridiflavus and T. marmoratus), "boreal", and all other amphibian and reptile taxa in Central Europe. Several Pliocene localities are considered: Austria (DA 20, DA 21), Slovakia (Ivanovce), Poland (Weze 1, Weze 2, RK 1A, RK 2), and Germany (Gundersheim, Kaltensundheim). Data according to Hodrová (1981, 1984), Młynarski & Szyndlar (1989), Rauscher (1992), Ivanov (1997a), Sanchíz (1998), and G. BÖhme (2002).

FIG. 1 in Herpetological assemblages from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe: palaeoecological significance

FIG. 1. — Important herpetological localities from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe. Pliocene. Hungary: 1, Osztramos 1C (early Pliocene, Ruscinian MN 14); 2, Csarnóta 2 (early Pliocene, Ruscinian MN 15). Slovakia: 3, Ivanovce (early Pliocene, Ruscinian MN 15); 4, Hajnácka (late Pliocene, Villanyian MN 16); 5, Vceláre 6/1 (late Pliocene, Villanyian MN 17). Austria: 6, 7, Bad Deutsch-Altenburg 20 and 21 (late Pliocene, Villanyian MN 16). Poland: 8, 9, Weze 1 (early Pliocene, Ruscinian MN 15) and Weze 2 (late Pliocene, Villanyian MN 16); 10, 11, Rebielice Królewskie 1A and 2 (late Pliocene, Villanyian MN 16); 12, Kadzielnia (late Pliocene, Villanyian MN 17 to early Pleistocene, early Biharian). Germany: 13, Kaltensundheim (?early Pliocene,?Ruscinian MN 15?); 14, Willershausen (Pliocene, Ruscinian-Villanyian MN 14-MN 16); 15, Gundersheim (late Pliocene, Villanyian MN 16). Pleistocene. Slovakia: 16, Vceláre 6/2-9 (early Pleistocene, early Biharian). Austria: 17-20, Bad Deutsch-Altenburg 2A, 2C1, 2C1Z, and 4B (early Pleistocene, early Biharian); 21, St. Margarethen (middle Pleistocene, Holsteinian complex, Toringian). Czechia: 22, Malá Dohoda-Quarry (early Pleistocene, early Biharian); 23, MladecCaves-excavation II (early Pleistocene, early Biharian); 24, Mladec 2 (middle Pleistocene, Holsteinian complex, Toringian); 25, Stránská skála Hill (middle Pleistocene, Cromerian complex, late Biharian); 26, "Za Hájovnou" Cave (middle Pleistocene,?Holsteinian. complex). Poland: 27, Kamyk (early Pleistocene, early Biharian); 28, Kielniki 3A (early Pleistocene, early Biharian); 29, Jaskinia Zabia (early Pleistocene, early Biharian); 30, 31, Zalesiaki 1A and Zalesiaki 1B (middle Pleistocene, late Biharian); 32, Kozi Grzbiet (middle Pleistocene, late Biharian). Germany: 33, Untermassfeld (early Pleistocene, early Biharian); 34, Voigtstedt (middle Pleistocene, Cromerian complex, late Biharian); 35, Kalbsrieth (early or middle Pleistocene,?older than Voigtstedt); 36, BreitenberghÖhle bei GÖssweinstein (middle Pleistocene, Holsteinian complex, Toringian). Data concerning stratigraphy are from Hodrová (1981, 1985), Mais & Rabeder (1984), Horácek & Ložek (1988), Nadachowski et al. (1989), Młynarski & Szyndlar (1989), Musil (1995), Ivanov (1996, 1997a, 2005, 2006), Sanchíz (1998), and G. BÖhme (2000).

FIG. 4 in Herpetological assemblages from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe: palaeoecological significance

FIG. 4. — Comparision of number of "Mediterranean" and "boreal" amphibian and reptile taxa in several early (MN 15) and late (MN 16) Pliocene localities in Austria (DA 20 and DA 21), Slovakia (Ivanovce), and Poland (Weze 1, Weze 2, RK 1A, and RK 2). Data are from Hodrová (1981, 1984), Młynarski & Szyndlar (1989), Szyndlar (1991a, b), Rauscher (1992), and Ivanov (1997a). MN 15/MN 16 transition at 3.2 Ma according to Agustí et al. (2001).

FIG. 9 in Herpetological assemblages from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe: palaeoecological significance

FIG. 9. — Percentages of thermophilous (black coloured symbols) and "boreal" (unfilled symbols) amphibian and reptile species in each layer of the Mladec2 site. Natrix tessellata (+ cf.): N. tessellata + N. cf. tessellata; Elaphe longissima (+ cf.): E. longissima + E. cf. longissima. Explanations: top/bottom, sample from the top/bottom of the talus cone; ± 2 (or ± 4), sample from the layer 2 (or 4) and its surroundings. Modified from Ivanov (2006).

FIG. 8. — A in Herpetological assemblages from the Pliocene to middle Pleistocene in Central Europe: palaeoecological significance

FIG. 8. — A, palaeomagnetism and Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy (OIS) for the last 1.4 Ma and related stratigraphical position of several investigated palaeoherpetological sites: Mladec2, Stránská skála Hill, and Bad Deutsch-Altenburg 2A, 2C1, and 4B; B, stratigraphical position of Bad Deutsch-Altenburg sites. Mais & Rabeder (1984) established a separate Biozone between Microtus nutiensis Biozone and Microtus pitymyoides Biozone. A, modified from the "Global chronostratigraphical correlation table for the last 2.7 million years" (Gibbard et al. 2005); B, modified from Mais & Rabeder (1977, 1984), and Rabeder (1981).

Text-fig. 3. Two re-determined gastropod species from the travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site in collections of the Podtatranské Museum in Poprad. a) Helix pomatia (P-14283); b) Cepaea vindobonensis (P-14288). Scale bars 50 mm. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications

Text-fig. 3. Two re-determined gastropod species from the travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site in collections of the Podtatranské Museum in Poprad. a) Helix pomatia (P-14283); b) Cepaea vindobonensis (P-14288). Scale bars 50 mm.

Text-fig. 2. Floral record from the travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a–c) Salix L.; d–f) Quercus L.; g) Fraxinus excelsior L.; h) Pinus L.; i) Poaceae, stem of cf. Poa sp.; j) Betula L.; k) Salix rosmarinifolia L., leaf detail; l) Salix rosmarinifolia L. All scale bars (except "g") are 20 mm, for "g" 50 mm. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications

Text-fig. 2. Floral record from the travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a–c) Salix L.; d–f) Quercus L.; g) Fraxinus excelsior L.; h) Pinus L.; i) Poaceae, stem of cf. Poa sp.; j) Betula L.; k) Salix rosmarinifolia L., leaf detail; l) Salix rosmarinifolia L. All scale bars (except "g") are 20 mm, for "g" 50 mm.

Text-fig. 1. Location of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site in northern Slovakia and the rest of the travertine mound (map source: https://commons.wikimedia.org and Google Earth; 2017). in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications

Text-fig. 1. Location of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site in northern Slovakia and the rest of the travertine mound (map source: https://commons.wikimedia.org and Google Earth; 2017).

Text-fig. 4. Non-mammalian record from travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Emys orbicularis s. l. (NM-Rv 21001), internal core of shell in dorsal view; b) Vipera berus (P-14297), partly articulated skeleton in dorsal view; c–e) Aves gen. et sp. (c: NM-Rv 21002a, d: NM-Rv 21002b; e: P-14292), feather impressions in travertine. All scale bars (except "b") are 50 mm, for "b" 10 mm. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications

Text-fig. 4. Non-mammalian record from travertine of Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Emys orbicularis s. l. (NM-Rv 21001), internal core of shell in dorsal view; b) Vipera berus (P-14297), partly articulated skeleton in dorsal view; c–e) Aves gen. et sp. (c: NM-Rv 21002a, d: NM-Rv 21002b; e: P-14292), feather impressions in travertine. All scale bars (except "b") are 50 mm, for "b" 10 mm.

Text-fig. 6. Fossil endocasts of large mammals from Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21008); b) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21007); c) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21006); d) Bovidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21009); e) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM R-604); f) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM-Rv 21010); lateral and dorsal (except for f: ventral) views; lateral view for d and f are inverted. in Revised Floral And Faunal Assemblages From Late Pleistocene Deposits Of The Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal Site -Biostratigraphic And Palaeoecological Implications

Text-fig. 6. Fossil endocasts of large mammals from Gánovce-Hrádok Neanderthal site. a) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21008); b) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21007); c) Equidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21006); d) Bovidae gen. et sp. indet. (NM-Rv 21009); e) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM R-604); f) Ursus ex gr. spelaeus (NM-Rv 21010); lateral and dorsal (except for f: ventral) views; lateral view for d and f are inverted.

Figure 8 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas

Figure 8. Labidosaurus hamatus, CM 73370. Braincase and associated elements in ventral (A) and dorsal (C) views. Left stapes is mainly in dorsal view and the axis is in right lateral view (B), and the same in distal and posterior views (D).

Figure 10. Labidosaurus hamatus, MCZ 8727 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas

Figure 10. Labidosaurus hamatus, MCZ 8727. Left stapes in anterior (A), posterior (B), dorsal (C), ventral (D), distal (E), and proximal (F) views.

Figure 3 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas

Figure 3. Labidosaurus hamatus, CM 73371. Skull and mandible in left lateral view (A) and skull and partial right mandibular ramus in ventral view (B); the left mandibular ramus and posterior portion of the right ramus have been removed to reveal the palate and the braincase.

Figure 1 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas

Figure 1. Reconstruction of the skull of Labidosaurus hamatus in dorsal (A), ventral (B), occipital (C), anterior (D), and lateral (E) views, and of the mandible in lateral (F) and medial (G) views.

Figure 2 in The skull and the palaeoecological significance of Labidosaurus hamatus, a captorhinid reptile from the Lower Permian of Texas

Figure 2. Labidosaurus hamatus, CM 73371. Skull in dorsal view (A) and skull with mandible in right lateral view (B).