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Fig. 7 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 7. Stygiiulus montellensis (Verhoeff, 1930) comb. nov., ♂ from Grotta [cave] Crede-a (NHMD). A. Right gonopods, mesal view. B. Right mesomere, oral view. C. Left vulva, caudal, slightly mesal view. Abbreviations: la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C = 0.3 mm.

Fig. 5 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 5. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ paralectotype (A–B) (MHNG), topotype ♂ (C) (NHMD) and topotype ♀ (D) (NHMD). A. Leg-pair 1, oral view. B. Penis, oral/caudal view. C. Left gonopods, mesal view. D. Left vulva, caudal, somewhat mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; p = promere; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars: A, C–D = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 6 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 6. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ from Grotta [cave] della Vecchia Diga (NHMD). A. Right promere, caudal view. B. Right mesomere, oral view. C. Distal part of left opisthomere, mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; el = external lobe; il = internal lobe; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars = 0.05 mm.

Fig. 2 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 2. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ from from Foran di Landri Cave (IBER). A. Gnathochilarium, ventral view. B. Gnathal lobe of left mandible, ventral view. C. Left promere, caudal view. D. Left mesomere, oral view. E. Distal part of left opisthomere, mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; el = external lobe; et = external tooth; il = internal lobe; it = internal tooth; mp = mollar plate; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; pl = pectinate lamellae; pm = promentum; sf = setiform filaments; v = velum. Scale bars: A = 0.2 mm; B = 0.1 mm; C–D = 0.05 mm; E = 0.02 mm.

Fig. 4 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 4. Stygiiulus gentianae (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂ (A–C, E, G) from Grotta [cave] della Vecchia Diga, ♂ topotype (D, H) and ♀ topotype (F, I) (NHMD). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral view. C. Labrum, frontal view. D. Labrum, dorsal view. E. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. F. Mid-body rings, lateral view. G. Telson, lateral view. H. Posterior node of hypopharynx, frontoventral view. I. Lobe of body ring 3, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–G, I = 0.5 mm; H = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 1 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 1. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., ♂♂ (A–H) and ♀ (I) from Foran di Landri Cave (IZB). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral view. C. Labrum, frontodorsal view. D. Labrum, dorsal view. E. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. F. Mid-body rings, lateral view. G. Telson, lateral view. H. Posterior node of hypopharynx, fronto-ventral view. I. Lobe of body ring 3, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–G, I = 0.5 mm; H = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 11 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 11. Left vulvae of species of Stygiiulus stat. nov. (A–D) and representatives of (other) Julini/ Leptoiulini (E) and Typhloiulini/blind Julini/Leptoiulini in caudal, somewhat mesal views. A. S. ausugi (Manfredi, 1953) comb. nov., ♀ from Grotta [Cave] del Calgeron (NHMD). B. S. illyricus (Verhoef, 1929) comb. nov., ♀ from Rabakova Cave (IZB). C. S. insularis (Strasser, 1938) comb. nov., topotype ♀ (CBSS). D. S. tobias (Berlese, 1886) comb. nov., ♀ from Grotta [Cave] del Subiolo (NHMD). E. Leptoiulus cf. trilineatus (C.L. Koch, 1847), ♀ from Belasitsa Mtn, Bulgaria. F. Serboiulus spelaeophilus Gulička, 1967, ♀ from Vodni Pech Cave (NMNHS). G. Typhloiulus (Inversotyphlus) lobifer Attems, 1951, ♀ from Minjera-Bauxite Mine (IBER). H. Typhloiulus (s. str.) strictus (Latzel, 1882), ♀ from Kunino (IBER). Abbreviations: at = anterior tube; la = lateral ampulla; lt = lateral tube; ma = median ampulla; mt = median tube; op = operculum; pa = posterior ampulla; pt = posterior tube. Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

Fig. 8 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 8. Stygiiulus rotundatus (Strasser, 1962) comb. et stat. nov., ♀ (A) and ♂ (B–E) from La Bora Cave (NHMD). A. Habitus, lateral view. B. Anterior part of body, lateral, slightly ventral view. C. Pleurotergum 7, lateral view. D. Mid-body rings, lateral view. E. Telson, lateral view. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B–E = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 3 in The mostly cavernicolous millipede genus Stygiiulus Verhoeff, 1929, stat. nov.: taxonomy, distribution and phylogenetic relationships (Diplopoda, Julida, Julidae)

Fig. 3. Stygiiulus fimbriatus (Strasser, 1971) comb. et stat. nov., holotype ♂ (A, B) (MHNG), ♂ (C) (IZB) and ♀ (D) (IBER) from Foran di Landri Cave. A. Leg-pair 1, caudal view. B. Penis, oral/caudal view. C. Left gonopods, mesal view. D. Left vulva, caudal, somewhat mesal view. Abbreviations: ab = anterior branch of solenomere; bs = basal spine; fc = flagellum channel; lt = lateral tube; m = mesomere; mt = median tube; op = operculum; p = promere; pb = posterior branch of solenomere; ph = posterior hump; v = velum. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

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The chloroplast genomes of Sanicula (Apiaceae): plastome structure, comparative analyses, and phylogenetic relationships

Sanicula (Apiaceae subfamily Saniculoideae) is a taxonomically difficult genus of medicinal value. Its distribution center is in China, where there are 18 species (11 of which are endemic). To provide plastid genome resources, whole chloroplast genomes of five Sanicula species (S. flavovirens, S. giraldii, S. lamelligera, S. odorata, and S. rubriflora) were sequenced and compared to the previously published S. orthacantha plastome. These genomes exhibit a typical quadripartite structure. All contain 129 different genes, including 84 protein-coding, 37 tRNA, and 8 rRNA genes. Loci rpl2, matK, psbA, and ycf1 are the most variable. Results of maximum likelihood analysis of 90 whole plastome sequences from Apioideae and Saniculoideae and the outgroup Hydrocotyle (Araliaceae) reveal sectional relationships in Sanicula different from the traditional classification system, support the monophyly of Apioideae and its sister group relationship to Saniculoideae, and show concordant topologies to nrDNA ITS and other plastome-based phylogenies. Sanicula orthacantha and S. chinensis form a clade sister group to S. lamelligera and S. odorata, consecutively. These four species comprise a clade sister group to the clade of S. rubriflora and S. flavovirens, with this entire group sister to S. giraldii. The plastid genome resources provided herein will be important for future systematic, evolutionary, phylogenomic, and population-level studies of Sanicula.

Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013). in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications

Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013).

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Fig. 2 in A new inquiline ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cataglyphis and its phylogenetic relationship

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic relationships of Cataglyphis hannae n. sp. Two most parsimonious trees shown with a consistency index (ci) of 98 and a retention index (ri) of 96. The synapomorphies for the sistergroup hannae + viaticus are small body size (characters 3 (1) in Table 1), and long antennal scape (4 (1)); for the sistergroup viaticus + (hannae + abyssinicus) the synapomorphies are bright red colour of head and alitrunk (7 (1)) and shape of median appendage of the male subgenital plate (9 (0)).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 1993View details →

Fig. 1 in A new inquiline ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Cataglyphis and its phylogenetic relationship

Fig. 1. Lateral view of the females of C. bicolor (A) and its inquiline C. hannae n.sp. (B). Hairs are only drawn on the occiput.

Figure 10. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n in New remarkable Late Jurassic teleosts from southern Germany: Ascalaboidae n. fam., its content, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 10. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n. sp. Pelvic plate and pelvic fin (JME ETT 108). Abbreviations: Ant, anterior; pel.r, pelvic rays; p.pl, pelvic plate or basipterygium; p.sp, pelvic splint.

Figure 3. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n in New remarkable Late Jurassic teleosts from southern Germany: Ascalaboidae n. fam., its content, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 3. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n. sp. in lateral view (holotype JME ETT 108). (a) Photograph of cranium and anterior part of body. Photograph courtesy of M. Ebert. Scale equals 1 cm. (b) Drawing of cranium and anterior part of body. Abbreviations: ant, antorbital; br, branchiostegal rays; cl, cleithrum; cor, coracoid; dpa, dermopalatine; ent, entopterygoid; exc, extrascapula; hy, hyomandibula; io1-5, infraorbitals 1–5; iop, interopercle; l.de, left dentary; leth, lateral ethmoid; l.pmx, left premaxilla; met, mesethmoid; mx, maxilla; op, opercle; orb, orbitosphenoid; pa[= fr], parietal [= frontal bone of traditional terminology]; par, parasphenoid; pcl1-3, postcleithra 1–3; pop, preopercle; ppa[= pa], postparietal [= parietal bone of traditional terminology]; pt, pterotic; ptsp, pterosphenoid; ptt, posttemporal; qu, quadrate; sc, scales; sca, scapula; scl, supracleithrum; scl.b, broken sclerotic bone; smx1–2, supramaxillae 1–2; sn, supraneurals; sorb.b, broken supraorbital bone; sop, subopercle; sy, symplectic; r.de, right dentary; r.pmx, right premaxilla; vo, vomer.

Figure 19 in New remarkable Late Jurassic teleosts from southern Germany: Ascalaboidae n. fam., its content, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 19. Ascalabos voithii. Caudal skeleton in lateral view with only two epaxial basal fulcra preserved (neotype, JME SOS 537). Abbreviations: Ant, anterior; d.scu, dorsal caudal scute; dpr, dorsal or epaxial procurrent rays; ebfu, epaxial basal fulcra; E1–3, epurals 1–3; H1–4, hypurals 1–4; hbfu, hypaxial basal fulcra; hsPU4, haemal spine of preural centrum 4; naPU1, neural arch of preural centrum 1; nsPU2–4, neural spine of preural centra 2–4; PH, parhypural; PU1,4, preural centrum 1, 4; rer, rudimentary fin ray; sc, dorsal and ventral caudal scutes; U1+2, ural centrum 1 + 2 (polyural terminology) fused with the bases of hypurals 1 and 2; 'UD', "urodermals"; UN1–8, uroneurals 1–8; PR1–19, principal rays 1–19; vpr, ventral procurrent rays; v.scu, ventral caudal scute.

Figure 11. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n in New remarkable Late Jurassic teleosts from southern Germany: Ascalaboidae n. fam., its content, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 11. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n. sp. (JME ETT 64a). (a) Details of first two dorsal pterygiophores and first dorsal-fin rays. (b) Detail of last dorsal pterygiophores. Arrows point to the two articular areas for fin rays. Abbreviations: Ant, anterior; 1st d.pt, first dorsal pterygiophore; 2nd d.pt, second dorsal pterygiophore; ld.pt, last dorsal pterygiophore.

Figure 4. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n in New remarkable Late Jurassic teleosts from southern Germany: Ascalaboidae n. fam., its content, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 4. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n. sp. Crania in lateral views illustrating specific morphological features. (a) JME ETT 60. (b) JME ETT 24. Arrow points to a small toothed patch. Abbreviations: ang, angular; aup, autopalatine; b.ant, broken antorbital; a.cer, anterior ceratohyal; br, branchiostegal rays; cl, cleithrum; de, dentary; ect, ectopterygoid; ent, entopterygoid; ghy, glossohyal; d.hy, dorsal hypohyal; iop, interopercle; hy, hyomandibula; io1–5, infraorbitals 1–5; l.ang, left angular; l.de, left dentary; l.pmx, left premaxilla; met, mesethmoid; mtg, metapterygoid; mx, maxilla; op, opercle; par, parasphenoid; pmx, premaxilla; pop, preopercle; ptt, posttemporal; qu, quadrate; ra, remnant of a branchial arch; r.de, right dentary; r.pmx, right premaxilla; scl, supracleithrum; scl.b, broken sclerotic bones; smx1–2, supramaxillae 1–2; sorb, supraorbital; sop, subopercle; ur, urohyal; v.hy, ventral hypohyal; vo, vomer.

Figure 18 in New remarkable Late Jurassic teleosts from southern Germany: Ascalaboidae n. fam., its content, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 18. Ascalabos voithii. Caudal skeleton in lateral view slightly modified from Arratia (1997). Abbreviations: Ant, anterior; dpr, dorsal or epaxial procurrent rays; d.scu, dorsal caudal scute; ebfu, epaxial basal fulcra; E1–3, epurals 1–3; H1–11, hypurals 1–11; hsPU2, haemal spine of preural centrum 2; mo, membranous outgrowth on anterodorsal margin of first uroneural; mo', membranous outgrowth on anterodorsal margin of second uroneural; nsPU2–4, neural spine of preural centra 2–4; PR1,19, principal caudal rays 1, 19; rer, rudimentary fin ray; U1+2+H1–2, ural centrum 1 + 2 (polyural terminology) fused with the bases of hypurals 1 and 2; 'UD', "urodermals"; UN1–7, uroneurals 1–7; v.scu., ventral caudal scute.

Figure 9. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n in New remarkable Late Jurassic teleosts from southern Germany: Ascalaboidae n. fam., its content, morphology, and phylogenetic relationships

Figure 9. Ebertichthys ettlingensis n. gen. et n. sp. (a) Photograph of young specimen (JME ETT 61) in lateral view. Photograph courtesy of H. Tischlinger, Scale equals 1 cm. (b) Detail of last caudal vertebrae illustrating pseudo-diplospondyly and caudal endoskeleton incompletely preserved. Abbreviations: chcPU4, chordacentrum of preural centrum 4; chcU1–3, chordacentra of ural centra 1–3; E, epurals (the first one is missing); H1–7, hypurals 1–7; hsPU2, haemal spine of preural centrum 2; PH, parhypural; 'UD', "urodermal"; UN1–6, uroneurals 1–6.