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342 results for “plant productivity”
Data from: Investigating the production of sexual resting structures in a plant pathogen reveals unexpected self-fertility and genotype-by-environment effects
The sexual stage of pathogens governs recombination patterns and often also provides means of surviving the off-season. Despite its importance for evolutionary potential and between-season epidemiology, sexual systems have not been carefully investigated for many important pathogens, and what generates variation in successful sexual reproduction of pathogens remains unexplored. We surveyed the sexually produced resting structures (chasmothecia) across 86 natural populations of fungal pathogen Podosphaera plantaginis (Ascomycota) naturally infecting Plantago lanceolata in the Åland archipelago, southwest of Finland. For this pathosystem, these resting structures are a key life-history stage, as more than half of the local pathogen populations go extinct every winter. We uncovered substantial variation in the level of chasmothecia produced among populations, ranging from complete absence to presence on all infected leaves. We found that chasmothecia developed within clonal isolates (single strain cultures). Additionally, these clonal isolates all contained both MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes that characterize mating-types in Ascomycetes. Hence, contrary to expectations, we conclude that this species is capable of haploid selfing. In controlled inoculations we discovered that pathogen genotypes varied in their tendency to produce chasmothecia. Production of chasmothecia was also affected by ambient temperature (E), and by the interaction between temperature and pathogen genotype (G × E). These G, E and G × E effects found both at a European scale, as well as within Åland, may partly explain the high variability observed among populations in chasmothecia levels. Consequently, they may be key drivers of the evolutionary potential and epidemiology of this highly dynamic pathosystem.
Fig. 6 in The crucial role of non-enzymatic NO-production in plants. An EPR study
Fig. 6. NO-release: comparison among Caffeoyl Putrescine, Caffeic Acid and Putrescine. EPR spectra of NO–Fe++(DETC), a= 1.28 mT and g = 2.039. Inset: 2 N relative percentages of NO released. For all substrates the final concentration was 2.28 ± 0.10 mM.
Fig. 3 in The crucial role of non-enzymatic NO-production in plants. An EPR study
Fig. 3. NO-release: comparison among different Polyamides. EPR spectra of NO–Fe++(DETC), a1.28 mT and g 2.039. Inset: relative percentages of NO 2 N = = released. For all substrates the final concentration was 2.28 ± 0.10 mM.
Fig. 2 in The crucial role of non-enzymatic NO-production in plants. An EPR study
Fig. 2. NO-release induced by Spermidine Amides, 4, 5 and 6. EPR spectra of NO–Fe++(DETC), a= 1.28 mT and g = 2.039. Inset: relative percentages of NO 2 N released. For all substrates the final concentration was 2.28 ± 0.10 mM.
Fig. 5 in The crucial role of non-enzymatic NO-production in plants. An EPR study
Fig. 5. NO-release: comparison among Cinnamic Acids and corresponding Putrescine amides. EPR spectra of NO–Fe++(DETC), a= 1.28 mT and g = 2.039. Inset: 2 N relative percentages of NO released. For all substrates the final concentration was 2.28 ± 0.10 mM.
Fig. 1 in The crucial role of non-enzymatic NO-production in plants. An EPR study
Fig. 1. NO-release induced by Putrescine Amides, 1, 2 and 3. EPR spectra of NO–Fe++(DETC), a= 1.28 mT and g = 2.039. Inset: relative percentages of NO 2 N released. For all substrates the final concentration was 2.28 ± 0.10 mM.
Fig. 4 in The crucial role of non-enzymatic NO-production in plants. An EPR study
Fig. 4. NO-release: comparison between Putrescine and Putrescine amides. EPR spectra of NO–Fe++(DETC), a1.28 mT and g 2.039. Inset: relative percentages 2 N = = of NO released. For all substrates the final concentration was 2.28 ± 0.10 mM.
Fig. 9 in Opine biosynthesis in naturally transgenic plants: Genes and products
Fig. 9. Evolutionary relationships of susL, rolD homologs in Agrobacterium and plants. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 4.915 shown. The analysis involved 37 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 137 positions in the final dataset. Further details as in the legend to Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 in Opine biosynthesis in naturally transgenic plants: Genes and products
Fig. 5. Evolutionary relationships of cus homologs in Agrobacterium and plants. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 2.438 is shown. The analysis involved 41 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 354 positions in the final dataset. Further details as in the legend to Fig. 1.
Fig. 2 in Opine biosynthesis in naturally transgenic plants: Genes and products
Fig. 2. Evolutionary relationships of ags(*) and chs(**) homologs in Agrobacterium and plants. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 1.404 is shown. The analysis involved 12 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 647 positions in the final dataset. Further details as in the legend to Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 in Opine biosynthesis in naturally transgenic plants: Genes and products
Fig. 4. Evolutionary relationships of mas2′ homologs in Agrobacterium and plants. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 3.135 is shown. The analysis involved 24 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 874 positions in the final dataset. Further details as in the legend to Fig. 1.
Fig. 8 in Opine biosynthesis in naturally transgenic plants: Genes and products
Fig. 8. Evolutionary relationships of vis and ocs homologs in Agrobacterium and plants. The vis and ocs genes are indicated with * and ** respectively. Genes marked in bold code for well-characterized enzymes, the underlined gene is marked as ocs based on its high sequence similarity to other ocs genes. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 2.875 is shown. The analysis involved 21 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 1056 positions in the final dataset. Further details as in the legend to Fig. 1.
Fig. 7 in Opine biosynthesis in naturally transgenic plants: Genes and products
Fig. 7. Evolutionary relationships of nos homologs in Agrobacterium and plants. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 2.895 is shown. The analysis involved 11 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 708 positions in the final dataset. Further details as in the legend to Fig. 1.
Fig. 6 in Opine biosynthesis in naturally transgenic plants: Genes and products
Fig. 6. Evolutionary relationships of mis homologs in Agrobacterium and plants. The optimal tree with the sum of branch length = 1.968 is shown. The analysis involved 33 nucleotide sequences. There were a total of 660 positions in the final dataset. Further details as in the legend to Fig. 1.
Fig. 9 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 9. Relative levels of glucosinolates and isothiocyanates in 43 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 8 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 8. Sparse partial least square discriminant analysis on the 48 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra based on 130 volatile metabolites: (a) Score plot showing the projection of the 48 accessions Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue) on the two dimensions; (b) Selected variables representation on two dimensions on the correlation circles (0.5 and 1 correlation values). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 7 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 7. Heatmap of the 130 volatile metabolites detected in the leaves of 46 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 4 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 4. Sparse partial least square discriminant analysis on the 48 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra based on 936 semi-polar metabolites: (a) Score plot showing the projection of the 48 accessions from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue) on the first two dimensions; (b) Selected variables representation on two dimensions on the correlation circles (0.5 and 1 correlation values). (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
Fig. 5 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 5. Box plots showing the variation in relative levels of 14 annotated semi-polar metabolites in the leaves of 48 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra. Lower and upper box boundaries represent 25th and 75th percentiles, respectively, the line inside the box is the median, lower, and upper error lines are 10th and 90th percentiles, respectively. Filled circles represent outliers. Putative identities: (a) LC2540: caffeoyl-oxalosuccinate; (b) LC3607: caffeoyl-hydroxycitric acid; (c) LC3341: dihydroxy-eudesmenolide-hexoside; (d) LC2765: Icariside B8; (e) LC3830: rhamnazin-hexoside-deoxyhexoside; (f) LC3890 quercetin-3-O-rutinoside; (g) LC880: glucocapparin; (h) LC 2021: caffeoyl-citric acid; (i) LC2468: coumaroyl-glucaric acid; (j) LC2400: glucaric acid-C26H26O14 conjugate; (k) LC2749: feruloylglucaric acid; (l) LC5323: dihydroxy-eudesmanolide-hexoside.
Fig. 6 in Natural variation in specialised metabolites production in the leafy vegetable spider plant (Gynandropsis gynandra L. (Briq.)) in Africa and Asia
Fig. 6. Principal component analysis score plot of relative levels of 130 volatile metabolites detected in the leaves of 46 accessions of Gynandropsis gynandra from Asia (red), East/Southern Africa (black) and West Africa (blue). The first two dimensions explaining 52.9% of the total variation are shown. 95% confidence ellipses are presented for the three regions. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.