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245 results for “seasonal pattern”
Seasonal and daily movement patterns of an alpine passerine suggest high flexibility in relation to environmental conditions
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Seasonal patterns of fungal colonisation in Australian native plants of different ages
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Data from: Global circulation patterns of seasonal influenza viruses vary with antigenic drift
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Data from: Seasonal dynamics and co-occurrence patterns of honey bee pathogens revealed by high-throughput RT-qPCR analysis
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Genomic architecture of a genetically assimilated seasonal color pattern
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Data from: Marine environmental DNA biomonitoring reveals seasonal patterns in biodiversity and identifies ecosystem responses to anomalous climatic events
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Data from: Great spotted cuckoos show dynamic patterns of host selection during the breeding season
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Patterns of annual and seasonal immune investment in a temporal reproductive opportunist
<p> Historically, investigations of how organismal investments in immunity fluctuate in response to environmental and physiological changes have focused on seasonally breeding organisms that confine reproduction to seasons with relatively unchallenging environmental conditions and abundant resources. The red crossbill, <i>Loxia curvirostra,</i> is<i> </i>a songbird that can breed opportunistically if conifer seeds are abundant, on both short, cold, and long, warm days, providing an ideal system to investigate environmental and reproductive effects on immunity. In this study, we measured inter- and intra-annual variation in complement, natural antibodies, PIT54, and leukocytes in crossbills across four summers (2010-2013) and multiple seasons within one year (summer 2011-spring 2012). Overall, we observed substantial changes in crossbill immune investment among summers, with interannual variation driven largely by food resources, while variation across multiple seasons within a single cone year was less pronounced and lacked a dominant predictor of immune investment. However, we found weak evidence that physiological processes (e.g., reproductive condition, moult) or abiotic factors (e.g., temperature, precipitation) affect immune investment. Collectively, this study suggests that a reproductively flexible organism may be able to invest in both reproduction and survival-related processes, potentially by exploiting rich patches with abundant resources. More broadly, these results emphasize the need for more longitudinal studies of trade-offs associated with immune investment.</p>
Regional wind patterns likely shape a seasonal migration detour
<p>Migrating animals should optimise time and energy use when migrating, travelling directly to their destination. Detours from the most direct route may arise however because of barriers and weather conditions. Identifying how such situations arise from variable weather conditions is crucial to understand population response in the light of increased anthropogenic climate change. Here we used light-level geolocators to follow Cyprus wheatears for their full annual cycle in two separate years migrating between Cyprus, over the Mediterranean and the Sahara to winter in north-east sub-Saharan Africa. We predicted that any route detours would be related to wind conditions experienced during migration. We found that spring migration for all birds included an eastern detour, whilst autumn migrations were direct across the Sahara. The direct autumn migration was likely a consequence of consistent tail-winds, whilst the eastern detour in spring is likely to be more efficient given the wind conditions which are against a direct route. Such variable migration routes shaped by coincidence with prevailing winds are probably common suggesting that some birds may be able to adapt to future changes in wind conditions.</p>
Heat dissipation behaviour of birds in seasonally hot, arid-zones: are there global patterns?
<p>Quantifying organismal sensitivity to heat stress provides one means for predicting vulnerability to climate change. Birds are ideal for investigating this approach, as they display quantifiable fitness consequences associated with behavioural and physiological responses to heat stress. We used a recently developed method that examines correlations between readily-observable behaviours and air temperature (Tair) to investigate interspecific variation in avian responses to heat stress in seasonally hot, arid regions on three continents: the southwestern United States, the Kalahari Desert of southern Africa and the Gascoyne region of Western Australia. We found substantial interspecific variation in heat dissipation behaviours (wing-drooping, panting, activity-reduction, shade-seeking) across all three regions. However, pooling the data revealed that little of this interspecific variation was systematically explained by organismal traits (foraging guild, diet, drinking dependency, body mass, or activity levels) at the scale we tested. After accounting for phylogeny, we found that larger birds engaged in wing-drooping behaviour at lower Tair and had lower activity levels at high Tair compared to smaller birds, indicating an effect of body mass on heat dissipation behaviour (HDB). In the Kalahari, reliance on drinking was correlated with significantly lower Tair at which panting commenced, suggesting a key role of water acquisition in HDB in that region. Birds also tended to retreat to shade at relatively lower Tair when more active, suggesting a behavioural trade-off between activity, heat load, and microsite selection. Our results imply that the causes underlying interspecific variation in heat dissipation behaviours are complex. While the variation we observed was not systematically explained by the broad scale organismal traits we considered, we predict that the indices themselves will still reflect vulnerability to potential fitness costs of high air temperatures. Further research is needed on a species-specific basis to establish the functional significance of these indices.</p>
Data from: Comparing diel activity patterns of wildlife across latitudes and seasons: time transformations using day length
(1) Camera trapping allows scientists to study activity patterns of animals under natural conditions. However, comparisons of activity patterns across seasons or latitudes can be biased, because activity is often attuned to sunrise and sunset, the timing of which varies with latitude and season. Existing transformation methods to solve this problem have limitations. (2) Here, we explore whether and how activity patterns can be transformed more accurately using two alternative 'double anchoring' transformations – equinoctial and average anchoring – that anchor activity time to two chosen anchor points during the study period. (3) Using simulated noisy datasets mimicking species with either crepuscular, diurnal or cathemeral activity patterns, we compared the ability of different transformation methods to extract the latent pattern and activity levels under different study conditions. We found that average anchoring best retrieved the original diel activity pattern and yielded accurate estimates of activity level. Two alternative transformation methods – single anchoring and equinoctial anchoring – performed less well. Bias in estimates from using untransformed clock times was most marked (up to 2.5-fold over-estimation) for longer studies covering 4-5 months either side of an equinox at high latitude, and focusing on crepuscular species. (4) We applied the average anchoring method to 9 months of data on Red deer (Cervus elaphus), Wild boar (Sus scrofa) and Mouflon (Ovis amon musimon) activity as captured by camera traps in National Park Hoge Veluwe, the Netherlands. Average anchoring revealed more pronounced peaks of activity after sunset than was apparent from untransformed data in red deer and wild boar, but not for mouflon, a cathemeral species. Similarly, activity level was lower when calculated using average-anchored time for red deer and wild boar, but no difference was observed for mouflon. (5) We conclude that transformation of time might not be necessary at latitudes below 20°, or in studies with a duration of less than a month (below 40° latitude). For longer study periods and/or higher latitudes, average-anchoring resolves the problem of variable day length. Code is provided. The transformation functions are incorporated in the R-package 'activity'.
Data from: Faster migration in autumn than in spring: seasonal migration patterns and non-breeding distribution of Icelandic Whimbrels Numenius phaeopus islandicus
Migration is fundamental in the life of many birds and entails significant energetic and time investments. Given the importance of arrival time in the breeding area and the relatively short period available to reproduce (particularly at high latitudes), it is expected that birds reduce spring migration duration to a greater extent than autumn migration, assuming that pressure to arrive into the wintering area might be relaxed. This has previously been shown for several avian groups, but recent evidence from four tracked Icelandic Whimbrels (Numenius phaeopus islandicus), a long distance migratory wader, suggests that this subspecies tends to migrate faster in autumn than in spring. Here, we (1) investigate differences in seasonal migration duration, migration speed and ground speed of Whimbrels using 56 migrations from 19 individuals tracked with geolocators and (2) map the migration routes, wintering and stopover areas for this population. Tracking methods only provide temporal information on the migration period between departure and arrival. However, migration starts with the fuelling that takes place ahead of departure. Here we estimate the period of first fuelling using published fuel deposition rates and thus explore migration speed using tracking data. We found that migration duration was shorter in autumn than in spring. Migration speed was higher in autumn, with all individuals undertaking a direct flight to the wintering areas, while in spring most made a stopover. Wind patterns could drive Whimbrels to stop in spring, but be more favourable during autumn migration and allow a direct flight. Additionally, the stopover might allow the appraisal of weather conditions closer to the breeding areas and/or improve body condition in order to arrive at the breeding sites with reserves.
Fig. 4 in Spatial patterns of zooplanktivore Chirostoma species (Atherinopsidae) during water-level fluctuation in the shallow tropical Lake Chapala, Mexico: seasonal and interannual analysis
Fig. 4. GAM results for May of species correlation influence on fish density. a: effect of Chirostoma jordani on C. consocium; b: effect of C. jordani on C. labarcae; c: effect of C. labarcae on C. consocium. Circles represent the residuals. Spline fit (solid line) is bound by 95% confidence intervals (dotted lines).
Primary data on skull and brain morphology for: Geographical patterns in seasonal changes of body mass, skull, and brain size of common shrews
<p class="Standard">Some small mammals exhibit Dehnel's Phenomenon, a drastic decrease in body mass, braincase and brain size from summer to winter, followed by regrowth in spring. This is accompanied by a reorganization of the brain and changes in other organs. The evolutionary link between these changes and seasonality remains unclear, although the intensity of change varies between locations as the phenomenon is thought to lead to energy savings during winter.</p> <p class="Standard">Here we explored geographic variation of the intensity of Dehnel's Phenomenon in <i>Sorex araneus.</i> We compiled literature on seasonal changes in braincase size, brain and body mass, supplemented by our own data from Poland, Germany, and the Czech Republic.</p> <p class="Standard">We analysed the effect of geographic and climate variables on the intensity of change and patterns of brain reorganization.</p> <p class="Standard">From summer to winter the braincase height decreased by 13%, followed by 10% regrowth in spring.</p> <p class="Standard">For body mass the changes were -21%/+82%, respectively. Changes increased towards northeast. Several climate variables were correlated with these transformations, confirming a link of the intensity of the changes with environmental conditions. This relationship differed for the decrease vs. regrowth, suggesting that they may have evolved under different selective pressures.</p> <p class="Standard">We found no geographic trends explaining variability in the brain mass changes although they were similar (-21%/+10%) to those of the braincase size. Underlying patterns of change in brain organisation in north-eastern Poland were almost identical to the pattern observed in southern Germany. This indicates that local habitat characteristics may play a more important role in determining brain structure than broad scale geographic conditions.</p> <p>We discuss the techniques and criteria used for studying this phenomenon, as well as its potential presence in other taxa and the importance of distinguishing it from other kinds of seasonal variation.</p>
Seasonal elevational patterns and the underlying mechanisms of avian diversity and community structure on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga
<p>This dataset contains bird survey data (Appedenix 2) and bird trait data (Appedenix 1) in the paper: "He et al. (2022) Seasonal elevational patterns and the underlying mechanisms of avian diversity and community structure on the eastern slope of Mt. Gongga. Diversity and Distributions". Main results of the paper are that TD, PD and FD showed similar hump-shaped elevational patterns in both seasons. In the breeding season, TD, PD and FD for small-ranged species, were highly correlated with climatic factors (mean daily temperature, seasonal temperature range) and vegetation factors (enhanced vegetation index), while large-ranged species were correlated with spatial factors (mid-domain effect). In the non-breeding season, TD, PD and FD for all species groupings were positively correlated with climate factors. For small-ranged species in both seasons, community structure was more overdispersed at low and high elevations, and more clustered at middle elevations. For large-ranged species, community structure differed between seasons, showing a general trend toward clustering as elevations increase in the breeding season and trends toward overdispersion and/or evenness as elevations increase in the non-breeding season.</p>
Figure 2 in Seasonal pattern of population dynamics, spawning activities, and diet composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum) in the eastern Adriatic Sea
Figure 2. Monthly oscillation of the mean sardine length (TL, cm) collected by commercial purse seiners during 2013 (February–November 2013) on Croatian fishing grounds.
Figure 1 in Seasonal pattern of population dynamics, spawning activities, and diet composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum) in the eastern Adriatic Sea
Figure 1. Study area, eastern Adriatic Sea with marked Croatian fishing ground (dark gray) where the samples from the commercial purse seiners were taken during 2013 (February–November 2013).
Figure 4 in Seasonal pattern of population dynamics, spawning activities, and diet composition of sardine (Sardina pilchardus Walbaum) in the eastern Adriatic Sea
Figure 4. Seasonal oscillations (winter: December to February; spring: March to May; summer: June to September; autumn: October to November) of allometric coefficient (b), condition index (Ka), and fullness index (%Jr) of sardines collected by commercial purse seiners during 2013 (February–November 2013) on Croatian fishing grounds.
Fig. 1. a in Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblage in Córrego Rico, upper Paraná River basin
Fig. 1. a) Map of SouthAmerica with Brazil location. b) Córrego Rico basin in São Paulo State. c) Córrego Rico basin (Modified from a figure by L. A. Amaral - unpublished) with the samples stretches.
Fig. 2 in Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblage in Córrego Rico, upper Paraná River basin
Fig. 2. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of environmental variables data from Córrego Rico stretches. a) All samples (stretches - S1 to S7; month and year of sample - mmyy): b) Samples divided in rainy (R) and dry (D) seasons (stretches - S1 to S7).
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.