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266 results for “shelter”
Figure 1 in Does nutritional status constrain adoption of more costly and less risky foraging behaviour in an Amazonian shelter-building spider?
Figure 1. Hingstepeira folisecens (Hingston 1932) (Araneae: Araneidae) of Central Amazonia, Brazil. (a) Orb web of H. folisecens with the shelter formed by dry curled leaf (scale: 1 cm). (b) A sub-adult female of H. folisecens (scale: 1 mm).
Data from: The sea urchin Diadema africanum uses low resolution vision to find shelter and deter enemies
Many sea urchins can detect light on their body surface and some species are reported to possess image-resolving vision. Here we measure the spatial resolution of vision in the long-spined sea urchin Diadema africanum, using two different visual responses: a taxis towards dark objects and an alarm response of spine-pointing towards looming stimuli. For the taxis response we used isoluminant visual stimuli to discriminate spatial vision from phototaxis. Individual animals were placed in the centre of a cylindrical arena under bright down-welling light, with stimuli of varying angular dimensions placed on the arena wall at pseudorandom directions from the centre. We tracked the direction of movement of individual animals in relation to the stimuli to determine whether the animals oriented towards the stimulus. We found that D. africanum responds by taxis towards isoluminant stimuli with a spatial resolution of 38° - 89°, assuming a contrast threshold of 10%. The visual acuity of the alarm response of D. africanum was tested by exposing animals to different sized dark looming and appearing stimuli on a monitor. We found that D. africanum displays a spine-pointing response to appearing black circles with a spatial resolution of 60° - 116°, assuming the same contrast threshold as above.
Data from: In-kennel behavior predicts length of stay in shelter dogs
Previous empirical evaluations of training programs aimed at improving dog adoption rates assume that dogs exhibiting certain behaviors are more adoptable. However, no systematic data are available to indicate that the spontaneous behavior of shelter dogs has an effect on adopter preference. The aim of the present study was to determine whether any behaviors that dogs exhibit spontaneously in the presence of potential adopters were associated with the dogs' length of stay in the shelter. A sample of 289 dogs was videotaped for 1 min daily throughout their stay at a county shelter. To account for differences in adopter behavior, experimenters varied from solitary passive observers to pairs of interactive observers. Dogs behaved more attentively to active observers. To account for adopter preference for morphology, dogs were divided into "morphologically preferred" and "non-preferred" groups. Morphologically preferred dogs were small, long coated, ratters, herders, and lap dogs. No theoretically significant differences in behavior were observed between the two different dog morphologies. When accounting for morphological preference, three behaviors were found to have a significant effect on length of stay in all dogs: leaning or rubbing on the enclosure wall (increased median length of stay by 30 days), facing away from the front of the enclosure (increased by 15 days), and standing (increased by 7 days). When combinations of behaviors were assessed, back and forth motion was found to predict a longer stay (increased by 24 days). No consistent behavioral changes were observed due to time spent at the shelter. These findings will allow shelters to focus behavioral modification efforts only on behaviors likely to influence adopters' choices.
Aukana, Sri Lanka. Rock shelter inscription.
<p>Aukana (near Kekirawa), Sri Lanka. Rock shelter inscription, as documented 02/2012.</p>
Fig. 14 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 14. Changes in the mean weight of artefacts over time, showing the concentration of large flake implements and large flakes in unit 2a (85–105 cm below datum). Plot shows data for the Main Trench, excluding doubtful artefacts from the lower part of 2d and intrusive pits or other features. Inset shows size trend in grid square N11. Data exclude N11/24-1, a large core (101 cm below datum) weighing 2119 g.
Fig. 3 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 3. Stratigraphic section, south face of the Main Trench, showing horizontal bedding of layers I–III. The inset
Fig. 8 in Characterizing Late Pleistocene and Holocene Stone Artefact Assemblages from Puritjarra Rock Shelter: A Long Sequence from the Australian Desert
Fig. 8. Flakes and amorphous retouched implements from the Holocene levels of Puritjarra rock shelter. Artefacts 8–10 are retouched flakes. Remainder of artefacts are unmodified flakes. From unit 1c: N9/6-1, N11/ 14-7, M10/13-3, M11/10-5. From unit 1b: N11/8-5, N11/9-3, N11/10-3, N13/9-3. From unit 1a: QR9/2, M10/4-1. M11/10-5 is a chert flake with fine overhang-removal flaking along the platform edge. N13/9-3 is a chalcedony flake with a short length of retouch on one lateral edge (shown by bar) and with fine nibbling along distal margin. M10/4-1 is a retouched chalcedony flake exhibiting a prior platform.
FIGURE 18 in A vanished ecosystem: Sophora microphylla (Kōwhai) dominated forest recorded in mid-late Holocene rock shelters in Central Otago, New Zealand
FIGURE 18. Hebe cupressoides cuticle morphology (Transmitted light microscopy). A. Section of an intact stem with paired leaves (LX5392, Shelter-7, scale bar equals 1 mm). B. Detail of leaf pair on a stem (LX2569, Shelter-46, scale bar equals 1 mm). C. Two paired leaves illustrating the 'marginal frill' at the leaf apices (LX2569, Shelter-46, scale bar equals 1 mm). D. Cuticle showing generally aligned stomatal complexes on adaxial surface and an ornamentation of dense ridges (SL6473, Shelter-78, scale bar equals 100 μm). E. Detail of cuticle showing generally aligned stomatal complexes and an ornamentation of dense ridges (LX2558, Shelter-50, scale bar equals 40 μm).
Spanish Sheltered Employment Centres dataset 2004-2016
<p>This document includes database for Spanish Sheltered Employment Centres. <span>The SABI<a title="" href="#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span><span><span>[1]</span></span></span></a> database was used for extracting aconomic and financial data, which provides quantitative and qualitative information on Spanish companies. However, it was not possible to access the financial data for all sheltered employment centres. So, finally, the financial statements of 958 sheltered employment centres were collected from 2004 to 2016. This data represents 52% of all sheltered employment centres in Spain. This is the final sample of our research.</span></p> <div> <p><span>The variables used were those that allow the analysis of the current situation of sheltered employment centres: ROA; AGE; SIZE; Sector, Localization; Liquidity; Indebtdness; Financial risk; Sales Growth; Average sales per employee; Subsidies (Capital grants); Economic and financial crisis.</span></p> <br> <div> <p><a title="" href="#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1"><span><span><span><span>[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span> </span><span><a href="http://www.bvdinfo.com/en-uss/our-products/company-information/national-products/sabi"><span>http://www.bvdinfo.com/en-uss/our-products/company-information/national-products/sabi</span></a></span></p> </div> </div>
Figure 2 in Occupation dynamics and nesting behaviours of Xylocopa frontalis (Olivier) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in artificial shelters
Figure 2. Histogram of the permanence time of Xylocopa frontalis females in the bee shelters.
Fig. 1 in Close Nesting Association Of Two Ant Species In Artificial Shelters: Results From A Long-Term Experiment
Fig. 1. Theobservedandexpectednumberofplesiobioticassociationsbetweenheterospecificcoloniesasafunctionofthetotalnumberofantnestsundertheslateplates.
Climate variability and aridity modulate the role of leaf shelters for arthropods: a global experiment
<p class="MsoNormal">Current climate change is disrupting biotic interactions and eroding biodiversity worldwide. However, species sensitive to aridity, high temperatures and climate variability might find shelter in microclimatic refuges, such as leaf rolls built by arthropods. To explore how the importance of leaf shelters for terrestrial arthropods changes with latitude, elevation, and climate, we conducted a distributed experiment comparing arthropods in leaf rolls vs. control leaves across 52 sites along an 11,790 km latitudinal gradient. We then probed the impact of short- versus long-term climatic impacts on roll use, by comparing the relative impact of conditions during the experiment versus average, baseline conditions at the site. Leaf shelters supported larger organisms and higher arthropod biomass and species diversity than non-rolled control leaves. However, the magnitude of the leaf rolls' effect differed between long- and short-term climate conditions, metrics (species richness, biomass, and body size), and trophic groups (predators vs. herbivores). The effect of leaf rolls on predator richness was influenced only by baseline climate, increasing in magnitude in regions experiencing increased long-term aridity, regardless of latitude, elevation, and weather during the experiment. This suggests that shelter use by predators may be innate, and thus, driven by natural selection. In contrast, the effect of leaf rolls on predator biomass and predator body size decreased with increasing temperature, and increased with increasing precipitation, respectively, during the experiment. The magnitude of shelter usage by herbivores increased with the abundance of predators and decreased with increasing temperature during the experiment. Taken together, these results highlight that leaf roll use may have both proximal and ultimate causes. Projected increases in climate variability and aridity are therefore likely to increase the importance of biotic refugia in mitigating the effects of climate change on species persistence.</p>
Figure 2 in Prevalence and new genotypes of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sheltered dogs and cats in Sichuan province, southwestern China
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationship of Enterocytozoon bieneusi groups, the relationship between E. bieneusi genotypes obtained in the present study and other known genotypes deposited in GenBank was inferred by a neighbor-joining analysis of ITS sequences based on genetic distance by the Kimura-2-parameter model. The numbers on the branches represent percent bootstrapping values from 1000 replicates, with more than 50% shown in the tree. Each sequence is identified by its accession number, genotype, and host. Genotypes obtained in this study are showed in bold.
Figure 4 in Sheltered preservation in Ordovician trilobites
Figure 4. Sheltered trilobites from the ŠAErka and DobrotivAE formations. (A) Isolated cephalon of Eoharpes preserved upside-down under a comparatively large pygidium of Ectillaenus katzeri katzeri, MBHR 382. (B) Internal mould of Eoharpes primus preserved under a large, effaced pygidial or cephalic shield of an indeterminable asaphid or illaenid trilobite, MBHR 375. (C) Internal and external moulds of holaspid exoskeletons of Placoparia (P.) cambriensis preserved associated with the exoskeletal parts of Asaphellus desideratus, VV 290. (D) Internal mould of articulated exoskeleton of Eoharpes primus preserved under a large shield of an indeterminable asaphid or illaenid trilobite, MBHR 12251. (E) Disarticulated exoskeleton of Eoharpes primus under a large shield of an indeterminable trilobite, MBHR 335. (F) External moulds of four juvenile specimens of Placoparia sp. preserved inside an internal mould of a cranidium of an isolated cephalon of Degamella princeps, VV 102. (G) Complete articulated exoskeleton of Placoparia (P.) cambriensis preserved under the anterior part of an isolated pygidium of Asaphelus desideratus, MCZ 5136 and 5137. Ar – Arachnostega gastrochaenae. Localities: (B) Díly near Rokycany, (C)–(E) Osek, (A), (F), and (G) unknown. All specimens coated with ammonium chloride.
Figures 2-3 from: Leal-Zanchet A, Marques A (2018) Searching for shelter in a ferruginous cave? A new species of Pasipha from a plateau in the Brazilian savanna (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). ZooKeys 776: 13-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.776.26308
Figures 2-3 Pasipha ferrariaphila sp. n., holotype, dorsal view, 2 general view of preserved specimen 3 schematic drawing of the anterior region of body. The arrow indicates the anterior extremity. Eyes were drawn based on observations carried out under both stereomicroscope and microscope.
Figures 4-8 from: Leal-Zanchet A, Marques A (2018) Searching for shelter in a ferruginous cave? A new species of Pasipha from a plateau in the Brazilian savanna (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). ZooKeys 776: 13-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.776.26308
Figures 4-8 Pasipha ferrariaphila sp. n., holotype. 4 anterior region, transverse section 5–7 pre-pharyngeal region, transverse sections 8 pharynx, sagittal section.
Figures 10-14 from: Leal-Zanchet A, Marques A (2018) Searching for shelter in a ferruginous cave? A new species of Pasipha from a plateau in the Brazilian savanna (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). ZooKeys 776: 13-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.776.26308
Figures 10-14 Pasipha ferrariaphila sp. n., holotype, copulatory apparatus in sagittal sections. 10 general view 11 proximal region of prostatic vesicle 12 ejaculatory duct and proximal portion of male atrium 13 proximal portion of female atrium 14 gonoduct. Arrows indicate the strong musculature in female atrium; the arrow head indicates the canal separating proximal and distal regions of prostatic vesicle. Anterior to the left.
Figure 9 from: Leal-Zanchet A, Marques A (2018) Searching for shelter in a ferruginous cave? A new species of Pasipha from a plateau in the Brazilian savanna (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). ZooKeys 776: 13-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.776.26308
Figure 9 Pasipha ferrariaphila sp. n., holotype, sagittal composite reconstruction of copulatory apparatus. The arrow indicates the strong musculature in female atrium. Anterior to the left.
Figure 1 from: Leal-Zanchet A, Marques A (2018) Searching for shelter in a ferruginous cave? A new species of Pasipha from a plateau in the Brazilian savanna (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida). ZooKeys 776: 13-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.776.26308
Figure 1 Location of the type locality of Pasipha ferrariaphila sp. n., represented by a ferruginous cave, Conceição do Mato Dentro, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The asterisk indicates the cave location; the outline indicates areas impacted by mining exploitation projects.
Figure 2 in Factors affecting the number of leaves included in the shelters of the leaf-folding caterpillar, Vanessa indica (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Figure 2. Relationship between the number of leaves in a Vanessa indica shelter and the length of the main leaf thereof.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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