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836 results for “species limits”
Data for: Evolutionary history limits species' ability to match color sensitivity to available habitat light
<p>The spectrum of light that an animal sees – from ultraviolet to far red light – is governed by the number and wavelength sensitivity of a family of retinal proteins called opsins. It has been hypothesized that the spectrum of light available in an environment influences the range of colors that a species has evolved to see. However, invertebrates and vertebrates use phylogenetically distinct opsins in their retinae, and it remains unclear whether these distinct opsins influence what animals see, or how they adapt to their light environments. Systematically utilizing published visual sensitivity data from across animal phyla, we found that terrestrial animals are more sensitive to shorter and longer wavelengths of light than aquatic animals, and that invertebrates are more sensitive to shorter wavelengths of light than vertebrates. Controlling for phylogeny removes the effects of habitat and lineage on visual sensitivity. Closed and open habitat terrestrial species have similar spectral sensitivities when comparing across the Metazoa, and deep water animals are more sensitive to shorter wavelengths of light than shallow water animals. Our results suggest that animals do adapt to their light environment, however the invertebrate-vertebrate evolutionary divergence has limited the degree to which animals can perform visual tuning.</p>
Distribution. NE Madagascar, extremely limited distribution in the far N of the island, just to the S of Antsiranana (= Diégo-Suarez), it was formerly believed to inhabit both dry and humid forests from the Montagne d' Ambre region S to the Mahavavy River near Ambilobe in the W, and probably to the Fanambana River S of Vohémarin the E. However, with the recognition of the Ankarana Sportive Lemur (L. ankaranensis) as a distinct species, the range of the Sahafary Sportive Lemur was reduced to a handful of very small remnant forest patches nearthe villages of Madirobe and Ankarongana in the Sahafary region, and in the immediate vicinity of Andrahona, a small mountain rising out of the surrounding lowlands about 30 km south of Antsiranana and E of the RN6 main road. Recent faunal surveys in the Montagne des Francais, a calcareous massif of c.6114 ha approximately 12 km SE of Antsiranana, listed the Sahafary Sportive Lemur as one of the species occurring there, but this needs to be confirmed; it may be widerranging than the Ankarana Sportive Lemur. in Lepilemuridae
Distribution. NE Madagascar, extremely limited distribution in the far N of the island, just to the S of Antsiranana (= Diégo-Suarez), it was formerly believed to inhabit both dry and humid forests from the Montagne d' Ambre region S to the Mahavavy River near Ambilobe in the W, and probably to the Fanambana River S of Vohémarin the E. However, with the recognition of the Ankarana Sportive Lemur (L. ankaranensis) as a distinct species, the range of the Sahafary Sportive Lemur was reduced to a handful of very small remnant forest patches nearthe villages of Madirobe and Ankarongana in the Sahafary region, and in the immediate vicinity of Andrahona, a small mountain rising out of the surrounding lowlands about 30 km south of Antsiranana and E of the RN6 main road. Recent faunal surveys in the Montagne des Francais, a calcareous massif of c.6114 ha approximately 12 km SE of Antsiranana, listed the Sahafary Sportive Lemur as one of the species occurring there, but this needs to be confirmed; it may be widerranging than the Ankarana Sportive Lemur.
Distribution. SE Madagascar, the range of this species currently appears to extend in a NE to SW trajectory from Ranomafana National Park to Andringitra National Park. Nonetheless, the relationships between the various taxa of sportive lemurs in SE Madagascar need further study, and the distributional limits of the Small-toothed Sportive Lemur are still poorly known. in Lepilemuridae
Distribution. SE Madagascar, the range of this species currently appears to extend in a NE to SW trajectory from Ranomafana National Park to Andringitra National Park. Nonetheless, the relationships between the various taxa of sportive lemurs in SE Madagascar need further study, and the distributional limits of the Small-toothed Sportive Lemur are still poorly known.
Distribution. SE Madagascar, from the Mananara River S to the limits of the rainforest near Tolagnaro (= Fort-Dauphin), W limits of the distribution are forests in the Kalambatritra region; the Mananara River serves as a boundary between this species and the White-collared Brown Lemur (FE. cinereiceps), except for isolated populations at Midongy du Sud National Park and Vohipaho, near Vangaindrano. in Lemuridae
Distribution. SE Madagascar, from the Mananara River S to the limits of the rainforest near Tolagnaro (= Fort-Dauphin), W limits of the distribution are forests in the Kalambatritra region; the Mananara River serves as a boundary between this species and the White-collared Brown Lemur (FE. cinereiceps), except for isolated populations at Midongy du Sud National Park and Vohipaho, near Vangaindrano.
Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo). in Talpidae
Distribution. Japan, mainly E Honshu and adjacent islands, as well as isolated populations in W Japan, including W Honshu (Hiwa Town, Kyoto City, and Kii Peninsula), Shikoku (Mt Ishizuchi, Mt Tsurugi, and Mt Ohtaki), and Shodoshima I; W limit of distribution on E Honshu is located across Ishikawa, Gifu, Nagano, and Shizuoka prefectures, where SmallJapanese Mole shows parapatric or mixed distribution with the Large Japanese Mole (M. wogura), a species distributed in W Japan. In Echigo Plain, Niigata Prefecture, the Small Japanese Mole is parapatric with the Echigo Mole (M. etigo).
Distribution. CW Madagascar, found mainly between the Manambolo and Mahavavy rivers, the S limit of its distribution does not extend to the Tsiribihina River (which marks the N limit of Verreaux's Sifaka, P. verreauxi). This species and the Crowned Sifaka (PF. coronatus) are often found in the same areas, although the latter tends to be found further inland than the more coastal Decken's Sifaka. in Indriidae
Distribution. CW Madagascar, found mainly between the Manambolo and Mahavavy rivers, the S limit of its distribution does not extend to the Tsiribihina River (which marks the N limit of Verreaux's Sifaka, P. verreauxi). This species and the Crowned Sifaka (PF. coronatus) are often found in the same areas, although the latter tends to be found further inland than the more coastal Decken's Sifaka.
Distribution. NW Madagascar, probably restricted to the Sambirano region, including the Ampasindava Peninsula; the N extent ofits distribution is possibly the Sambirano River and the S limit is the Andranomalaza (= Maetsamalaza) River. The woolly lemur reported from the W slopes of the Manongarivo Special Reserve was originally thought to be the Eastern Woolly Lemur (A. laniger), but subsequently determined to bethis species. in Indriidae
Distribution. NW Madagascar, probably restricted to the Sambirano region, including the Ampasindava Peninsula; the N extent ofits distribution is possibly the Sambirano River and the S limit is the Andranomalaza (= Maetsamalaza) River. The woolly lemur reported from the W slopes of the Manongarivo Special Reserve was originally thought to be the Eastern Woolly Lemur (A. laniger), but subsequently determined to bethis species.
Distribution. SE Thailand (E & S of the Mun and Takhong rivers, W limit may have formerly been the Bang Pakong River), SW Laos (W of the Mekong River), and N & W Cambodia (W of the Mekong River); the species may have formerly occurred in S Vietnam. in Hylobatidae
Distribution. SE Thailand (E & S of the Mun and Takhong rivers, W limit may have formerly been the Bang Pakong River), SW Laos (W of the Mekong River), and N & W Cambodia (W of the Mekong River); the species may have formerly occurred in S Vietnam.
Distribution. Widely distributed in mainland of C & S China (from SE Tibet [= Xizang] E through S Gansu and Shaanxi to Fujian) and Hainan I, also recorded in Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Because many specimens previously identified as C. attenuata have been recognized as distinct species, its distribution range may be overestimated, and its limits are unclear. in Soricidae
Distribution. Widely distributed in mainland of C & S China (from SE Tibet [= Xizang] E through S Gansu and Shaanxi to Fujian) and Hainan I, also recorded in Nepal, NE India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, and Vietnam. Because many specimens previously identified as C. attenuata have been recognized as distinct species, its distribution range may be overestimated, and its limits are unclear.
Subspecies and Distribution. C.d.draculaThomas,1912—C&SCChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,Guizhou,andGuangxi),NLaos,andNVietnam. C. d. mansumensis Carter, 1942 — known only from the type locality in N Myanmar; range limits unclear because the species has been recognized as a synonym for a long time, probably N Myanmar. in Soricidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.d.draculaThomas,1912—C&SCChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Chongqing,Guizhou,andGuangxi),NLaos,andNVietnam. C. d. mansumensis Carter, 1942 — known only from the type locality in N Myanmar; range limits unclear because the species has been recognized as a synonym for a long time, probably N Myanmar.
Distribution. Known from Nepal and NE India (Sikkim). Distributional limits remain unclarified because it recently has been elevated to full species. in Soricidae
Distribution. Known from Nepal and NE India (Sikkim). Distributional limits remain unclarified because it recently has been elevated to full species.
Distribution. Mainland South-east Asia in S Myanmar, S Thailand, S Laos, Cambodia (W of Mekong River), and the S tip of Vietnam. Range limit of this species to the E might be the Mekong River. in Cercopithecidae
Distribution. Mainland South-east Asia in S Myanmar, S Thailand, S Laos, Cambodia (W of Mekong River), and the S tip of Vietnam. Range limit of this species to the E might be the Mekong River.
Distribution. EC China (25-33° N, 102° 30°-119° 30" E) in E Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), Sichuan, S Gansu, S Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, N Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, N Guangxi, and N Guangdong provinces; W limit in the Yangtze Gorge in W & NW Sichuan and S limit at 23° 48' N, ¢.110° E in Guangxi. The species may range into NE India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya states), although these reports appear to be based on misidentifications. in Cercopithecidae
Distribution. EC China (25-33° N, 102° 30°-119° 30" E) in E Xizang Autonomous Region (= Tibet), Sichuan, S Gansu, S Shaanxi, Hubei, Anhui, Zhejiang, N Yunnan, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Fujian, N Guangxi, and N Guangdong provinces; W limit in the Yangtze Gorge in W & NW Sichuan and S limit at 23° 48' N, ¢.110° E in Guangxi. The species may range into NE India (Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Meghalaya states), although these reports appear to be based on misidentifications.
FIGURE 1 in Description of a new species of Hamamelistes forming galls on Fothergilla spp (Hamamelidaceae) and the generic limits of Hormaphidini (Sternorrhyncha Aphididae: Hormaphidinae)
FIGURE 1. Galls of Hamamelistes blackmani sp. n. on Fothergilla. A. Fothergilla gardenii plant with multiple galls (fawnbrown, oblong, displacing seed pods) (Carteret Co., North Carolina USA). B - C, galls on F. milleri, Baldwin Co., Alabama USA. B. Cut gall showing aphids in the interior. C. Close-up of gall interior, with fundatrix (large oval), adult alate, and nymphs of several instars. Photo credits: Ron Miller (A, B); Lyle Buss (C).
FIGURE 4 in Description of a new species of Hamamelistes forming galls on Fothergilla spp (Hamamelidaceae) and the generic limits of Hormaphidini (Sternorrhyncha Aphididae: Hormaphidinae)
FIGURE 4. Hamamelistes blackmani sp. n., first-instar nymph to be alate. A. Whole body. B. Antenna with sensory pegs.
FIGURE 6 in Description of a new species of Hamamelistes forming galls on Fothergilla spp (Hamamelidaceae) and the generic limits of Hormaphidini (Sternorrhyncha Aphididae: Hormaphidinae)
FIGURE 6. Hamamelistes blackmani sp. n., first-instar exalate nymph (offspring of alate from gall). A. Whole body. B. Anterior region showing bead-like marginal wax plates.
FIGURE 5 in Description of a new species of Hamamelistes forming galls on Fothergilla spp (Hamamelidaceae) and the generic limits of Hormaphidini (Sternorrhyncha Aphididae: Hormaphidinae)
FIGURE 5. Hamamelistes blackmani sp. n., adult alate. A. Right body. B. Antenna. C. Genital plate. D. Anal plate. E. Cauda.
FIGURE 2 in Description of a new species of Hamamelistes forming galls on Fothergilla spp (Hamamelidaceae) and the generic limits of Hormaphidini (Sternorrhyncha Aphididae: Hormaphidinae)
FIGURE 2. Neighbor-joining dendrogram from COI barcode DNA sequences, estimated under the K2P model of evolution. Hamamelistes blackmani sp. n. is shown in bold, clustered most closely to several Asian Hamamelistes species.
FIGURE 3 in Description of a new species of Hamamelistes forming galls on Fothergilla spp (Hamamelidaceae) and the generic limits of Hormaphidini (Sternorrhyncha Aphididae: Hormaphidinae)
FIGURE 3. Hamamelistes blackmani sp. n., adult fundatrix. A. Whole body. B. Antenna. C. Genital plate. D. Anal plate. E. Cauda.
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 24 corbiculate bee species and 29 in Corbiculate Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae): Exploring the Limits of Morphological Data to Solve a Hard Phylogenetic Problem
Fig. 1. Phylogenetic hypotheses for 24 corbiculate bee species and 29 closely related apid taxa based on 289 morphological characters. (a) Single most parsimonious tree obtained from the extended implied weights parsimony analysis with characters organized into seven anatomy-based partitions (F = 121.827457, L = 1094, CI = 0.38, RI = 0.81). (b) Strict consensus between the Bayesian trees obtained from the analyses with characters organized into seven anatomy-based or eight homoplasy-based partitions. Filled circles indicate species (or congeneric taxa) illustrated in the boxes below. Squares, numbers and dotted lines indicate taxa with alternative positions in the mirrored tree topologies.Tree branch lengths are depicted not to scale. Species represented in the photographs (from the left to the right): Melipona quadrifasciata Lepeletier, 1836; Apis dorsata Fabricius, 1793; Bombus pauloensis Friese, 1913; Exaerete smaragdina (Guérin-Méneville, 1845); Centris collaris Lepeletier, 1841; Anthophora montana Cresson, 1869; Caenonomada bruneri Ashmead, 1899; Xylocopa ciliata Burmeister, 1876. Photographs of A. dorsata, B. pauloensis, C. collaris, and M. quadrifasciata taken from Porto et al. (2021).
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Allen Brain Atlas
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OpenNeuro
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