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259 results for “synapomorphy”
Figure 6 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 6. Detailed morphology of buccopharyngeal apparatus of Diphascon greveni (SEM, topotypes): A, in toto; B, OCA; C, AISM in lateral view; D, annulation of pharyngeal tube; E, annuli in close-up; F, furca; G, pharynx. Scale bars are in micrometres.
Figure 33 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 33. General morphology of Pilatobius bullatus (Murray, 1905) in Murray (1905a) (PCM, topotypes): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, close up of dorsal gibbosities and sculpturing. Scale bars are in micrometres.
Figure 35 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 35. General morphology of Pilatobius oculatus (Murray, 1906) in Murray (1906b) (PCM): A, neotype in ventral view; B, cuticular wrinkling at the level of third pair of legs (III), with muscle attachments visible as large white ovals, note marginal sculpturing; C, caudal sculpturing, note smaller muscle attachments. Scale bars are in micrometres.
Figure 42 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 42. Various Pilatobiinae, morphological details (PCM): A, P. opisthoglyptus (Maucci, 1987), paratype, buccopharyngeal apparatus in toto (empty white arrowhead indicates septulum); B, P. opisthoglyptus, paratype, claws I; C, P. nodulosus (Ramazzotti, 1957), claws I; D, P. nodulosus, claws IV; E, P. secchii (Bertolani & Rebecchi, 1996) nom. inq., claws II; F, P. ramazzottii (Robotti, 1970), caudal sculpturing; G, P. granifer (Greven, 1972), paratype, cephalic sculpturing (scale unknown). Filled incised white arrowheads indicate bars at the limb bases. Scale bars: 10 μm.
Figure 37 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 37. Claws of Pilatobius oculatus (PCM): A, claws I; B, claws IV (neotype). Scale bars: 10 μm.
Figure 41 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 41. Claws of Pilatobius sexbullatus (PCM): A, claws II (black arrowhead indicates internal bars); B, claws IV (empty arrowhead indicates pseudolunule). Scale bars: 10 μm.
Figure 44. Evolution scheme for a in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 44. Evolution scheme for a tardigrade clade, where the blue triangle and red rectrangle signify newly erected genera ('apical taxa' in the paper by Tumanov and Tsvetkova 2023) with 'strong apomorphies', i.e. the set of well-defined, advanced morphological characters, distinguished from the previous broadly defined genus, whose members (marked with black circles) are still classified as the original genus, which became artificial but cannot be divided further because the lineages group species with mainly (or solely) plesiomorphic characters.
Figure 26 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 26. Detailed morphology of Platicrista carpathica sp. nov. (paratypes, PCM): A, buccopharyngeal apparatus in toto; B, claws I; C, claws II; D, claws III. Empty white arrowheads indicate pseudolunulae; white asterisk indicates internal pulvinus; and black asterisk indicates external pulvinus. Scale bars are in micrometres.
Figure 40 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 40. General morphology of Pilatobius sexbullatus (Ito, 1995) (PCM): A, specimen in toto (dorsal view); B, cuticular sculpturing of the centromedial region with three gibbosities; C, buccopharyngeal apparatus in toto. Scale bars are in micrometres.
Figure 43 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 43. Various Pilatobiinae, morphology of pharyngeal structures (SEM): A, P. oculatus; B, P. bullatus; C, P. ramazzottii; D, P. recamieri (Richters, 1911); E, P. patanei (Binda & Pilato, 1971), lateral view; F, P. patanei, dorsal view. Scale bars: 5 μm.
Figure 12 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 12. Guidettion prorsirostre (Thulin, 1928): A, neotype habitus in ventral view (PCM); B, habitus in lateral view (sensu Thulin); C, Guidettion arduifrons nom. inq., habitus in lateral view (sensu Thulin). Scale bar is in micrometres.
Figure 4 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 4. The Diphascon pingue group, morphology of pharyngeal structures (SEM): A, Diphascon pingue; B, C, Diphascon pinguiforme. Scale bars: 2 μm.
Figure 3 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 3. Various Diphasconinae, morphology of the DABT (SEM): A, Diphascon higginsi Binda, 1971 (dorsal view); B, Diphascon higginsi (lateral view); C, Diphascon pingue (Marcus, 1936) (lateral view); D, Diphascon pinguiforme Pilato & Binda, 1997/8 (dorsolateral view). Scale bars: 1 μm.
Figure 5 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 5. General morphology of Diphascon greveni Dastych, 1984 (PCM, topotypes): A, specimen in toto (ventral view); B, buccopharyngeal apparatus in toto. Scale bars are in micrometres.
Figure 2 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 2. Phylogenetic relationships within Hypsibiidae in the Bayesian and maximum likelihood analyses (identical topologies; the scale refers to the Bayesian tree and represents substitutions per position; posterior probability values are provided above the nodes, whereas bootstrap values can be found below the nodes; *, maximal support; #, no support). Calohypsibius ornatus constitutes an outgroup. Newly added species and populations are in bold.
Figure 1 in What is a 'strong' synapomorphy? Redescriptions of Murray's type species and descriptions of new taxa challenge the systematics of Hypsibiidae (Eutardigrada: Parachela)
Figure 1. Schematic depiction of six types of cuticular pedal bars and other leg structures found in the Hypsibiidae. Note that the edges of convex pulvini may overlap with fully sclerotized cuticular bars but are generally faint and weakly defined when observed under light microscopy. Historically, these edges of pulvini were sometimes described as 'bars' [e.g. see Dastych (1988) for Adropion belgicae or Gąsiorek et al. (2016) for Mesocrista].
Figure 3 in New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Figure 3. Ventral view of hands showing the comparative size of discs on fingers I and II in frogs of genus Pristimantis. A, Pristimantis appendiculatus (Werner, 1894) (KU 165140). B, Pristimantis penelopus (Lynch & Rueda-Almonacid, 1999) (ICN
Figure 1 in New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Figure 1. Lateral view of pelvic and thigh musculature showing origins of the m. iliacus externus (ile) and m. tensor fasciae latae (tfl) from the iliac shaft (ish) in frogs of the superfamily Brachycephaloidea. A, Pristimantis kelephus (Lynch, 1998) (ICN 39671). B, Pristimantis cristinae (Lynch & Ruiz-Carranza, 1985) (ICN 3950). C, Craugastor longirostris (Boulenger, 1898) (ICN 42787). D, Ceuthomantis sp1 Colombia (JDL 32489). The red and green colours denote the portion anterior of the iliac shaft free of muscle fibres and the tensor fasciae latae (tfl), respectively. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Figure 4 in New phenotypic synapomorphies delimit three molecular-based clades of New World direct-developing frogs (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephaloidea)
Figure 4. Distribution of unambiguously optimized phenotypic synapomorphies recovered in the current character analysis. The phylogenetic hypothesis for Brachycephaloidea is that of Padial et al. (2014) and relationships outside Brachycephaloidea follow Jetz & Pyron (2018). Genera and subgenera were collapsed, but the complete distribution of character states is shown in Table 1. Character numbers are given beneath each square, with primitive-derived character states inside each square (see text and Table 1 for character definitions). Colour coding: red = untransformed, homoplastic; blue = transformed, homoplastic.
Fig. 13 in Studies in Liocranidae (Araneae): a new afrotropical genus featuring a synapomorphy for the Cybaeodinae
Fig. 13. Map showing all localities of georeferenced Liocranidae in the collections of MRAC: Cteniogaster gen. nov. (●), all other Liocranidae (Ǫ) (n = 315).
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