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Fig. 8 Bayesian tree for fragment 3 in The world's economically most important chelonians represent a diverse species complex (Testudines: Trionychidae: Pelodiscus)

Fig. 8 Bayesian tree for fragment 3 haplotypes (mtDNA: cyt b + tRNA-Thr) of Pelodiscus. For GenBank haplotypes, accession numbers shown. Sequences labelled as P. axenaria or P. sinensis by

Fig. 3 in The world's economically most important chelonians represent a diverse species complex (Testudines: Trionychidae: Pelodiscus)

Fig. 3 Parsimony network (spring tree) for fragment 1 haplotypes (mtDNA: 12S rRNA) of Pelodiscus. Gaps treated as fifth character state. Connection limit 95%. Symbol size corresponds to approximate haplotype frequency; missing node haplotypes, small solid circles. Each uncrossed line connecting haplotypes indicates one mutational step; where hashmarks across lines are present, each hashmark indicates one step. For GenBank sequences representing unique haplotypes (white), accession numbers shown; GenBank sequences AF043413 and AY687385 are identical with our fragment 1 haplotype B2 + B3 + B4. Haplotype frequencies: A = 8, B2 + B3 + B4 = 16, C = 3, D1 + D2 = 2, all other haplotypes n =1. Greatest outgroup weight: B2 + B3 + B4 (0.5757). Sequences labelled as P. axenaria or P. sinensis by Chen et al. (2005) and by Chen and Zhang (unpublished, in GenBank) indicated. Short GenBank sequences AY304497 and AY389697 excluded (see text)

Fig. 1 in Red- and yellow-footed tortoises, Chelonoidis carbonaria and C. denticulata (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae), in South American savannahs and forests: do their phylogeographies reflect distinct habitats?

Fig. 1 Approximate ranges of Chelonoidis carbonaria and C. denticulata (modified from Iverson 1992) and geographic distribution of haplotypes. Locality numbers refer to Appendix 1. Question marks indicate that the southern part of the range of C. carbonaria might be connected with the northern part. Symbols for C. carbonaria correspond to haplotype clades (Fig. 2); upper-case letters indicate geographic origin within the range (N, north; NE, northeast; etc.)

Fig. 5 in Red- and yellow-footed tortoises, Chelonoidis carbonaria and C. denticulata (Reptilia: Testudines: Testudinidae), in South American savannahs and forests: do their phylogeographies reflect distinct habitats?

Fig. 5 Chelonoidis carbonaria; left: Brazil (Museum of Zoology Dresden MTD D 3620); right: Filadelfia, Chaco, Paraguay (Museum of Zoology Dresden MTD D 43485). Scale bars: 10 cm. Note distinct shell shapes and colorations

opencc-zeroDec 2013View details →

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Data from: A revision of African helmeted terrapins (Testudines: Pelomedusidae: Pelomedusa), with descriptions of six new species

Using nearly range-wide sampling, we analyze up to 1848 bp of mitochondrial DNA of 183 helmeted terrapins and identify a minimum of 12 deeply divergent species-level clades. Uncorrected p distances of these clades equal or clearly exceed those between the currently recognized species of Pelusios, the genus most closely related to Pelomedusa. We correlate genetic discontinuities of Pelomedusa with data on morphology and endoparasites and describe six new Pelomedusa species. Moreover, we restrict the name Pelomedusa subrufa (Bonnaterre, 1789) to one genetic lineage and resurrect three further species from its synonymy, namely P. galeata (Schoepff, 1792), P. gehafie (Rüppell, 1835), and P. olivacea (Schweigger, 1812). In addition to these ten Pelomedusa species, we identify two further clades from Cameroon and Sudan with similar levels of genetic divergence that remain unnamed candidate species. We also note that some problematical terrapins from South Africa and Somalia may represent two additional candidate species. Some of the Pelomedusa species are morphologically distinctive, whilst others can only be identified by molecular markers and are therefore morphologically cryptic taxa.

opennotspecifiedJan 2014View details →

Figure 1 in Dietary variation and overlap in D'Orbigny's slider turtles Trachemys dorbigni (Duméril and Bibron 1835) (Testudines: Emydidae)

Figure 1. Study area showing the approximate location where samples were collected (black ellipsis) in Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil.

opennotspecifiedApr 2012View details →

FIGURE 4 in Genetic and shell-shape analyses of Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) reveal limited divergence among founders of the European zoo population

FIGURE 4. PCA for plastron shape. Specimens are marked according to haplotype group. A—haplotype group 1, B—group 2, C—group 3, D—haplotype 61, U—unknown. The first axis PC1 explains 29.79% and second axis PC2 explains 14.14% of the total variance in the shapes.

opennotspecifiedApr 2012View details →

FIGURE 3 in Genetic and shell-shape analyses of Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) reveal limited divergence among founders of the European zoo population

FIGURE 3. Bayesian skyline plot demonstrating changes in effective population size in Orlitia borneensis based on mitochondrial data. Thick solid line represents median of the estimate, borders of grey area delineate the highest 95% posterior density interval.

opennotspecifiedApr 2012View details →

FIGURE 2 in Genetic and shell-shape analyses of Orlitia borneensis (Testudines: Geoemydidae) reveal limited divergence among founders of the European zoo population

FIGURE 2. Median-joining network indicating relationships among haplotypes of Orlitia borneensis based on cytochrome b sequences. Haplotypes are denoted as circles, their size is proportional to number of individuals carrying respective haplotype. Numbers at branches represent numbers of mutational steps (displayed for n> 1). Three main haplogroups are marked by ovals.

Figure 12 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 12. Phylogenetic tree of Testudo spp. included in this study, based on the most parsimonious cladogram depicted in Figure 11 and further indicating the approximate stratigraphical range of the depicted taxa. Age boundaries (in million years ago or mega-annums, Ma) for epochs, stages, European land mammal ages (ELMA) and Mammal Neogene units (MN) are based on Hilgen, Lourens & Van Dam (2012; see this reference for the full name of stages and ELMA abbreviated in this figure). For illustration purposes, divergence times are arbitrarily set one million years before the oldest record of each clade. Similarly, successive branching points within ghost lineages are separated by one million years to avoid their collapse in the figure. For full taxon names, see Table 3.

Figure 9 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 9. Reconstruction of the shell of Testudo (Chersine) catalaunica based on the specimens from the Valles- Penedes Basin described in this paper. (A) dorsal and (B) ventral views. Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, whereas dotted lines denote plate sutures. Ab, abdominal scute; An, anal scute; Ce, cervical scute; co, costal plate; ent, entoplastron plate; epi, epiplastron plate; Fe, femoral scute; Gu, gular scute; Hu, humeral scute; hyo, hyoplastron plate; hyp, hypoplastron plate; Ma, marginal scute; ne, neural plate; nu, nuchal plate; Pe, pectoral scute; per, peripheral plate; Pl, pleural scute; py, pygal plate; sp, suprapygal; Ve, vertebral scute; xi, xiphiplastron plate.

Figure 8 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 8. New fossil postcranial remains of Testudo (Chersine) catalaunica from Castell de Barbera (CB), Hostalets de Pierola Superior (els Hostalets de Pierola, HPS) and Can Mata indeterminate (CM). (A, B) proximal fragment of right femur IPS36396b from CB in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. (C, D) proximal fragment of left femur IPS30905 from CM in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. (E, F) proximal fragment of left femur IPS87219 from CM in dorsal (E) and ventral (F) views. (G, H) proximal fragment of left femur IPS16441 from HPS in dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views.

Figure 3 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 3. Schematic drawings corresponding to the fossil remains depicted in Figure 2. Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, dashed lines denote plate sutures, and oblique lines denote missing portions or sediment encrusting the fossils.

Figure 7 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 7. Schematic drawings corresponding to the fossil remains depicted in Figure 6. Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, dashed lines denote plate sutures, and oblique lines denote missing portions or sediment encrusting the fossils.

Figure 2 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 2. Previously published shell and postcranial remains of Testudo (Chersine) catalaunica from Sant Quirze. (A–F) almost complete shell MGSB25324a (lectotype) in dorsal (A), ventral (B), and right lateral (C) views, together with details of the nuchal in dorsal view (D), the pygal in external view (E), and the entoplastron in ventral view (F). (G) partial right scapula 'Specimen A' (paralectotype) in posterior view (reproduced from Bataller, 1926). (H, I) partial left peripheral 7 'Specimen B' (paralectotype), in external (H) and internal (I) views (reproduced from Bataller, 1926). J–L, right anterior shell portion MGSB31642 (paralectotype) in dorsal (J), ventral (K), and right lateral (L) views. M–V, partial shell MGM1561 (holotype of Testudo catalaunica irregularis) in dorsal (M), ventral (N), and right lateral (O) views, together with details of the anterior plastral lobe in left lateral view (P), the nuchal in dorsal (Q) and visceral (R) views, the pygal in external (S) and internal (T) views, and the entoplastron in ventral (U) and visceral (V) views. (W–X), partial plastron MGSB25324b in ventral view (W), together with details of the entoplastron in ventral view (X). Y–D', partial plastron MGM236M, in visceral (Y) and ventral (Z) views, together with details of the anterior plastral lobe in left lateral (A') and anterior (B') views, and the entoplastron in ventral (C') and dorsal (D') views.

Figure 5 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 5. Schematic drawings corresponding to the fossil remains depicted in Figure 4. Thick lines correspond to scute sulci, dashed lines denote plate sutures, and oblique lines denote missing portions or sediment encrusting the fossils.

Figure 6 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 6. New fossil shell remains of Testudo (Chersine) catalaunica from Sant Quirze (SQ) and Castell de Barbera (CB). (A, B) anterior plastral lobe MGB V61-3 from SQ in visceral (A) and ventral (B) views. (C, D) partial shell IPS2073 from SQ in dorsal (C) and ventral (D) views. (E, F) nuchal and left peripheral 1–3 IPS33180 from CB in dorsal (E) and visceral (F) views. (G–N) almost complete shell IPS36396a from CB in dorsal (G) and ventral (H) views, together with details of the nuchal in dorsal (I) and visceral (J) views, the pygal in external (K) and internal (L) views, and the entoplastron in ventral (M) and visceral (N) views.

Figure 4 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 4. New shell remains of Testudo (Chersine) catalaunica from Abocador de Can Mata. (A, B) partial shell IPS30074 in dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views. (C) partial carapace IPS30073 in dorsal view. (D) posterior portion of carapace IPS30052 in posterior view. (E) partial plastron IPS30061 in ventral view. (F, G) partial shell IPS4417 in dorsal (F) and ventral (G) views. (H, I) posterior portion of carapace IPS4423 in dorsal (H) and ventral (I) views. J–N, complete shell IPS4411 in dorsal (J), ventral (K), left lateral (L), right lateral (M), and posterior (N) views. O–S, complete shell IPS4420 in dorsal (O), ventral (P), left lateral (Q), right lateral (R), and posterior (S) views. (T, U) anterior shell portion IPS4415 in dorsal (T) and ventral (U) views. V–Y, complete shell IPS4419 in dorsal (V), ventral (W), left lateral (X), and posterior (Y) views. (Z, A'), almost complete shell IPS32957 in dorsal (Z) and ventral (A') views.

Figure 1 in The Miocene tortoise Testudo catalaunica Bataller, 1926, and a revised phylogeny of extinct species of genus Testudo (Testudines: Testudinidae)

Figure 1. Schematic geological map of the Valles-Penedes Basin, showing the location of sites that have yielded remains of Testudo (Chersine) catalaunica. ACM, Abocador de Can Mata; CB, Castell de Barbera; CM, Can Mata indeterminate; HPS, Hostalets de Pierola Superior; SQ, Sant Quirze.