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802 results for “urban data”

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dryad36/100

Data from: Direct and indirect effects of urbanization, pesticides, and wild insect pollinators on mango yield

<ol> <li>Expanding cities increasingly encroach fertile farmlands, questioning the viability of maintaining agriculture within and around them. Yet, our knowledge on how urbanization influences pollinator communities and the provision of pollination services to crops is limited, especially for the urbanization hotspots of the Global South. </li> <li>Mango (Mangifera indica) is one of the most important fruit crops in tropical countries. To analyze the dependency of mango on its main insect pollinators, and the direct and indirect effects of urbanization and insecticides on pollinator abundance and mango yield, we conducted a pollinator exclusion experiment and sampled flower visitors on 16 mango farms spread across rural-urban landscapes in Bengaluru, a South Indian megacity. </li> <li>We found that allowing flowers access to ants and flying visitors (bees, hoverflies, non-syrphid flies), dramatically increased mango yield by 350%, highlighting the importance of wild insects for mango pollination. We detected a trend between wild bee abundance and the final fruit set, with an increase of 20% when the number of bees increased from 25 to 125. </li> <li>Urbanization did not directly affect pollinator abundance or mango yield. However, the amount of insecticide applications had strong negative effects on wild bee abundance at low and intermediate levels of urbanization, while it had no effect in highly urbanized areas, presumably because of higher availability of flowering resources. Moreover, the amount of insecticides decreased the weight of harvested mango fruits by almost 30%. This may indicate trade-offs between conventional pest control and enhanced crop yields through pollination by wild insects in rural areas. </li> <li> Synthesis and applications. Our results indicate that mango production can be maintained at a profitable level in urbanized landscapes with insect pollinators more than tripling final yield. However, increasing use of insecticides, besides raising farmers' expenses, can have negative effects on wild insect pollinators and mango yield, especially in rural areas. To safeguard crucial pollination services, it is therefore critical to conserve and promote wild insect pollinators by minimizing the negative effects of insecticide applications in these areas. </li> </ol>

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data on elements in the litter produced by urban tree species (Jacaranda mimosifolia and Piscidia piscipula)

These data were obtained in the metropolitan region of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico for a study related to the evaluation of chemical elements of the inflorescence litter produced by two species of trees that are established in urban sites. Specifically, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional properties and chemical composition of inflorescence litter for two tree species commonly used in urban landscaping, Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) and Jabin (Piscidia piscipula), and mixtures of inflorescence litter material with Andosol type soil in an experiment.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Not all mammalian small carnivores are equal: A global review of the research effort in urban areas

Human population increase and anthropogenic land-use changes are impacting biodiversity globally. Information on their impacts on urban wildlife is becoming increasingly apparent. Despite an increasing trend in urban wildlife studies, a systematic assessment of mammalian small carnivores in urban areas is lacking. We evaluated urban studies in international peer-reviewed journals using a systematic review process. We assessed urban wildlife publications from 1970–2021 to quantify trends over time regarding the taxonomic family and geographical focus of publications across the globe. Urban small carnivore studies have increased progressively through the decades, with 87.2% of all studies conducted in the last 20 years. Geographically, we found that small carnivore studies were disproportionately conducted, with 77.0% of all studies taking place in either North America (46.5%) or Europe (30.5%). Furthermore, the United States of America (39.8%) and the United Kingdom (11.4%) contributed to 51.2% of all studies focused on small carnivores. We found seven carnivore families represented in urban studies, consisting of 76 species. Two canid species, Vulpes vulpes (21.9%) and Canis latrans (16.9%), accounted for 38.8% of all studies conducted on urban small carnivores. The majority of studies took place in mixed or urban areas (79.8%), with suburban and exurban zones explored to a lesser extent (16.6%). Animal behaviour was the most studied scientific topic (24.6%), with the least being species conservation (0.3%). Critical gaps persist in the research of small mammalian carnivores, particularly in rapidly urbanising areas of Asia, Africa, and South America. While the field of urban ecology will certainly continue to advance, we urge future research to adopt a multi-disciplinary stance that explores the landscape transitional zones, from the periphery of the urban core (sub-urban, peri-urban, and exurban) into natural systems; or urban mosaic landscapes with natural and managed green spaces as refugia. The importance of urban fringe and margin areas for small carnivores remains largely unclear.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Rural selection drives the evolution of an urban-rural cline in coat color in gray squirrels

<div> Phenotypic differences between urban and rural populations are well-documented, but the evolutionary processes driving trait variation along urbanization gradients are often unclear. We combined spatial data on abundance, trait variation, and measurements of fitness to understand cline structure and test for natural selection on heritable coat color morphs (melanic, gray) of eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) along an urbanization gradient. Population surveys using remote cameras and visual counts at 76 sites along the urbanization gradient revealed a significant cline in melanism, decreasing from 48% in the city center to <5% in rural woodlands. Among 76 squirrels translocated to test for phenotypic selection, survival was lower for the melanic than gray morph in rural woodlands, whereas there was no difference in survival between color morphs in the city. These results suggest the urban-rural cline in melanism is explained by natural selection favoring the gray morph in rural woodlands combined with relaxed selection in the city. Our study illustrates how trait variation between urban and rural populations can emerge from selection primarily in rural populations rather than adaptation to novel features of the urban environment. This reposotory contains a) occupancy data, point count data, and R code used to estimate the urban-rural cline in melanism, and b) radiotelemetry data and R code used to estimate differential survival between color morphs in urban and rural environments. </div>

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data: Parameter regionalization with donor catchment clustering improves urban flood modeling in ungauged urban catchments

Data: Parameter regionalization with donor catchment clustering improves urban flood modeling in ungauged urban catchments for wrr Chen Hu, Jun Xia, Dunxian She !=== This dataset provides flood information for the paper submitted to wrr "Parameter regionalization with donor catchment clustering improves urban flood modeling in ungauged urban catchments",2023WR035071

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Dataset used in the study "Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence"

This dataset repository includes input and output spatial data of urban microclimate simulations performed through QGIS and ENVI-met software used in the study "Urban microclimate simulations based on GIS data to mitigate thermal hot-spots: Tree design scenarios in an industrial area of Florence", published in the Building and Environment Journal, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110854">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2023.110854</a>.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Terrestrial laser scanning data of urban trees in Milton Keynes, UK: individual trees and Treegraph outputs

This dataset was used for the analysis of the following publication: Yang, W., Wilkes, P., Vicari, M.B., Hand, K., Calders, K. and Disney, M., 2024. Treegraph: tree architecture from terrestrial laser scanning point clouds. Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation. Any use of this dataset should cite the paper above (Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial License).   ================================================                     Dataset ================================================ TLS_point_clouds: - Data collection: Terrestrial laser scanning data acquired in leaf-off condition in April 2021. - Scanning instrument: We used a RIEGL VZ-400 with a wavelength of 1550 nm, 0.35 mrad beam divergence and 0.04˚ angular resolution. - Locations: The data were collected from three sites in Milton Keynes, UK: Avebury Blvd (Ave), Dansteed Way (Dan), and Overgate (Ove). - File information: Each file is an individual leaf-off tree point cloud in Polygon File Format (.ply), which can be viewed in software such as CloudCompare.   Treegraph_outputs: - Description: Model outputs from Treegraph for individual trees. - File naming convention: [TreeID]-[downsample_voxel_length]-[tip_diameter_if_known].* <ul> <li>*.centres.ply: Skeleton nodes of individual trees.</li> <li>*.mesh.ply: Cylinder model of individual trees.</li> <li>*.json: Geometrical and topological attributes at varying scales, from internode and branch to the whole tree.</li> <li>*.txt: Summary of input parameters, logs of intermediate steps, and a statistical overview of whole-tree structural attributes.</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

dryad36/100