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30,334 results for “Responsiveness”
Data for Marshall et al, "Microbial metabolism disrupts cytokine activity to impact host immune response"
<p>Raw data for publication "Microbial metabolism disrupts cytokine activity to impact host immune response", Marshall EKP et al. The archive is organized into folders containing raw data pertaining to each figure.</p>
Flexibility of cutaneous evaporative water loss in response to hydration in pregnant Prairie Rattlesnakes and their neonates
<p>Data and code associated with the paper published in the Journal of Experimental Biology in 2025.</p>
ICOSLG is associated to anti-PD1 and concomitant antihistamine treatment response in advanced melanoma
<p>Dataset of manuscript: ICOSLG is associated to anti-PD1 and concomitant antihistamine treatment response in advanced melanoma</p>
Forsthofel-Lab/Identification of EV-responsive transcripts in the planarian Schmidtea mediterranea
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Questionnaire responses on participation in an energy cooperative (france, 2018)
<ul> <li>Dataset of a survey conducted in an energy cooperative</li> <li>395 responses (biased toward active participants)</li> <li>Data on : <ul> <li>Socio-demographic</li> <li>Motivation to become member</li> <li>Participation in governance</li> <li>Volunteer participation</li> <li>Investment participation</li> <li>Satisfaction with the governance</li> <li>Satisfaction with information provided by the cooperative</li> <li>Perceived control over governance</li> <li>Trust in the cooperative</li> <li>Ecological orientation</li> <li>Perceived skills</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul> <li>Données issues d'une enquête menée dans une coopérative d'énergie (SCIC)</li> <li>395 réponses (surreprésentation des participants actifs)</li> <li>Données sur : </li> <ul> <li>Socio-démographie</li> <li>Motivation à devenir membre</li> <li>Participation à la gouvernance</li> <li>Participation bénévole</li> <li>Investissement</li> <li>Satisfaction à l'égard de la gouvernance</li> <li>Satisfaction à l'égard des informations fournies par la coopérative</li> <li>Contrôle perçu sur la gouvernance</li> <li>Confiance dans la coopérative</li> <li>Orientation écologique</li> <li>Compétences perçues</li> </ul> </ul>
Still-air olfactometer responses of Argentine Stem Weevil to odours from ryegrass, frass, and conspecifics in New Zealand
<p>This dataset contains data from two still-air olfactometer trials, one on diapausing Argentine stem weevils (Listronotus bonariensis) and one on reproductive, gravid, weevils. It also contains dissection data on the weevils that made a choice in the olfactometer. This data set is associated with the manuscript:</p> <p><span>Vereijssen J, Rosta´ s M, van Tol R, van Koten C and Goldson S (2024) Olfactometer-measured responses of Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to feeding-induced grass volatiles and conspecific frass as influenced by the weevil’s seasonality. Front. Ecol. Evol. 12:1470023. doi: 10.3389/fevo.2024.1470023</span></p>
The mark of captivity: plastic responses in the ankle bone of a wild ungulate (Sus scrofa)
Deciphering the plastic (non-heritable) changes induced by human control over wild animals in the archaeological record is challenging. We hypothesized that changes in locomotor behaviour in a wild ungulate due to mobility control could be quantified in the bone anatomy. To test this, we experimented the effect of mobility reduction on the skeleton of wild boar (Sus scrofa), using the calcaneus shape as a possible phenotypic marker. We first assessed differences in shape variation and covariation in captive reared and wild caught wild boars, taking into account differences in sex, body mass, available space for movement, and muscle force. This plastic signal was then con-trasted with the phenotypic changes induced by selective breeding in domestic pigs. We found that mobility reduction induces a plastic response beyond the shape variation of wild boars in their natural habitat, associated with a reduction in the range of locomotor behaviors and muscle loads. This plastic signal of captivity in the calcaneus shape differ from the main changes induced by selective breeding for larger muscle and earlier development that impacted the pigs' calcaneus shape in a much greater extent than the mobility reduction during the domestication process of their wild ancestors.
Data from: Plant community responses to long-term fertilization: changes in functional group abundance drive changes in species richness
Declines in species richness due to fertilization are typically rapid and associated with increases in aboveground production. However, in a long-term experiment examining the impacts of fertilization in an early successional community, we found it took 14 years for plant species richness to significantly decline in fertilized plots, despite fertilization causing a rapid increase in aboveground production. To determine what accounted for this lag in the species richness response, we examined several potential mechanisms. We found evidence suggesting the abundance of one functional group—tall species with long-distance (runner) clonality—drove changes in species richness, and we found little support for other mechanisms. Tall runner species initially increased in abundance due to fertilization, then declined dramatically and were not abundant again until later in the experiment, when species richness and the combined biomass of all other functional groups (non-tall runner) declined. Over 86 % of the species found throughout the course of our study are non-tall runner, and there is a strong negative relationship between non-tall runner and tall runner biomass. We therefore suggest that declines in species richness in the fertilized treatment are due to high tall runner abundance that decreases the abundance and richness of non-tall runner species. By identifying the functional group that drives declines in richness due to fertilization, our results help to elucidate how fertilization decreases plant richness and also suggest that declines in richness due to fertilization can be lessened by controlling the abundance of species with a tall runner growth form.
Data from: Non-linear responses of soil nematode community composition to increasing aridity
Aim: Increasing aridity under global change is predicted to have a profound impact on the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, yet we have poor understanding of how belowground communities respond. In order to understand the longer-term responses of different trophic levels in the soil food web to increasing aridity, we investigated the abundance, richness and community similarity of the soil nematode community along a 3200-km aridity gradient. Location: A transect across semi-arid and arid grasslands in Northern China, where the aridity ranges from 0.43 to 0.97. Time period: July and August 2012. Major taxa studied: Soil-borne Nematoda. Methods: We used Generalized Additive (Mixed) Models to analyze the abundance, richness and community similarity patterns of soil nematodes. We used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to disentangle the direct and indirect environmental drivers (aridity, soil and plant variables) of the nematode community. Results: The abundance, richness and similarity of nematode communities declined non-linearly with increasing aridity. The most pronounced decline in nematode richness and community similarity occurred under arid conditions (aridity > 0.80). However, the shape of response to aridity differed among nematode feeding groups. Under arid conditions, the abundance and richness of bacterial feeders were less sensitive to changes in aridity than fungal feeders. The SEM analysis revealed that nematode community responses to aridity were not mediated via changes in plant and soil variables, but rather were directly affected by aridity. Main conclusions: Our results show that in mesic grasslands increasing aridity primarily caused decline in nematode abundance, whereas increasing aridity in xeric grasslands led to loss of nematode diversity. The non-linear responses of nematodes to aridity could result in non-linear shifts in ecosystem functioning as well, because soil nematodes operate at various trophic levels in the soil food web, thereby influencing the performance of plants, soil biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling.
Data from: Functional response of subordinate species to intraspecific trait variability within dominant species
1. Dominant species can act as a biotic filter in structuring plant communities by constraining the establishment and survival of subordinate species. The effect of intraspecific trait variability of dominant species on the functional response of subordinate species, however, is not well understood. 2. We quantified intraspecific variation in four functional traits of 26 subordinate species established in an experimental grassland established with two population sources (i.e., cultivars and local ecotypes) of three dominant grasses (Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon gerardii, and Schizachyrium scoparium) and three pools of subordinate species (each from one origin) within each of the dominant grass source treatments. 3. Twenty of the 26 subordinate species exhibited intraspecific trait variability for one trait or more in response to dominant species population source, and variation among population sources of the dominant species was non-random. Dominant grass population source affected intraspecific variability in functional traits of multiple subordinate species. Cultivar sources of the dominant grasses and some of the subordinate species that established with them had higher and generally more variable functional leaf area and leaf nitrogen content compared to local ecotypes of the dominant grasses and the subordinate species that established with them. 4. Synthesis. This study provides evidence that intraspecific trait variability in dominant species acts as an inner, biotic filter to constrain niche availability and dimensionality affecting trait variation of subordinate species during community assembly.
Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilization
Environmental change can result in substantial shifts in community composition. The associated immigration and extinction events are likely constrained by the spatial distribution of species. Still, studies on environmental change typically quantify biotic responses at single spatial (time series within a single plot) or temporal (spatial beta-diversity at single time points) scales, ignoring their potential interdependence. Here, we use data from a global network of grassland experiments to determine how turnover responses to two major forms of environmental change – fertilization and herbivore loss – are affected by species pool size and spatial compositional heterogeneity. Fertilization led to higher rates of local extinction whereas turnover in herbivore exclusion plots was driven by species replacement. Overall, sites with more spatially heterogeneous composition showed significantly higher rates of annual turnover, independent of species pool size and treatment. Taking into account spatial biodiversity aspects will therefore improve our understanding of consequences of global and anthropogenic change on community dynamics.
Data from: Differential host responses to parasitism shape divergent fitness costs of infection
Fitness costs of infection are fundamental to understanding the ecology and evolution of host-parasite interactions. However, these costs, and particularly their underlying mechanisms, are challenging to evaluate in wild populations. Here, we quantified total and species-specific costs of gastrointestinal worms on African buffalo, by combining the power of an anthelmintic treatment experiment that perturbed the entire worm community with a longitudinal study that tracked the two most dominant community members. Reducing all worms improved buffalo body condition, which was strongly associated with increases in survival and reproduction. Species-specific analyses revealed that condition-mediated fitness costs of infection differed between parasite species. Hosts that gained the blood-sucking worm Haemonchus, lost condition, and this loss may have been mediated by reductions in forage intake. Hosts that resisted Haemonchus by elevating IL-4 and eosinophil immune defences were able to reduce their parasite loads and gain back condition. Conversely, hosts that gained Cooperia, a less pathogenic worm, gained condition and had higher survival and reproductive success. Elevating immune defences had no effect on Cooperia abundance. Coupled with the positive relationship observed between Cooperia and host condition, our data suggest that hosts might benefit from tolerating Cooperia rather than incurring the costs of resistance. Overall, our study reveals that differential host responses to parasites play a key role in mediating the costs of infection.
Data from: A biphasic locomotor response to acute unsignaled high temperature exposure in Drosophila.
Unsignaled stress can have profound effects on animal behavior. While most investigation of stress-effects on behavior follows chronic exposures, less is understood about acute exposures and potential after-effects. We examined walking activity in Drosophila following acute exposure to high temperature or electric shock. Compared to initial walking activity, flies first increase walking with exposure to high temperatures then have a strong reduction in activity. These effects are related to the intensity of the high temperature and number of exposures. The reduction in walking activity following high temperature and electric shock exposures survives context changes and lasts at least five hours. Reduction in the function of the biogenic amines octopamine / tyramine and serotonin both strongly blunt the increase in locomotor activity with high temperature exposure. However, neither set of biogenic amines alter the long lasting depression in walking activity after exposure.
Data from: Stressful city sounds: glucocorticoid responses to experimental traffic noise are environmentally dependent
A major challenge in urban ecology is to identify the environmental factors responsible for phenotypic differences between urban and rural individuals. However, the intercorrelation between the factors that characterise urban environments, combined with a lack of experimental manipulations of these factors in both urban and rural areas, hinder efforts to identify which aspects of urban environments are responsible for phenotypic differences. Among the factors modified by urbanisation, anthropogenic sound, particularly traffic noise, is especially detrimental to animals. The mechanisms by which anthropogenic sound affects animals are unclear, but one potential mechanism is through changes in glucocorticoid hormone levels. We exposed adult house wrens, Troglodytes aedon, to either traffic noise or pink noise. We found that urban wrens had higher initial (pre-restraint) corticosterone than rural wrens before treatment, and that traffic noise elevated initial corticosterone of rural, but not urban, wrens. By contrast, restraint stress-induced corticosterone was not affected by noise treatment. Our results indicate that traffic noise specifically contributes to determining the glucocorticoid phenotype, and suggest that glucocorticoids are a mechanism by which anthropogenic sound causes phenotypic differences between urban and rural animals.
Native plant species show evolutionary responses to invasion by Parthenium hysterophorus in an African savanna
<p>Invasive plant species often competitively displace native plant species but some populations of native plant species can evolve adaptation to competition from invaders and<span> persist in invaded habitats</span>. However, studies are lacking that examine how variation in abiotic conditions in invaded landscapes may affect fitness of native plants that have adapted to compete with invasive plants. I tested whether invasion by <i>Parthenium hysterophorus</i> in an African savanna may have selected for native plant individuals with greater competitive ability than conspecific naïve natives in nutrient-rich and mesic soil conditions. I compared vegetative growth and seed yields of invader-experienced and conspecific naïve native individuals. Invader-experienced natives grew shorter than naïve natives regardless of growth conditions. Nevertheless, the two groups of native plants also exhibited treatment-specific differences in competitive ability. Invader-experienced natives displayed plasticity in seed yield under drought treatment, while naïve natives did not. Moreover, drought treatment enhanced competitive effects of invader-experienced natives on <i>P. hysterophorus</i>, while nutrient enrichment relaxed competitive effects of experienced natives on the invader. The results suggest that <i>P. hysterophorus</i> may have selected for shorter native plant genotypes that also exhibit plasticity in competitive ability under drought conditions.</p>
Stress amelioration response of glycine betaine and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in sorghum under Cr toxicity
<p>In search of the solution to Cr toxicity a two-year pot experiment (completely randomized design with three replications), in three genetically different varieties of sorghum (SSG 59-3, HJ 513 and HJ 541) under Cr toxicity (2 and 4 ppm) was conducted to determine the effect of glycine betaine (50 and 100mM) and <i>Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi</i> (AMF) on the antioxidant system (enzymes <i>viz.</i> superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, glutathione reductase, peroxidase and metabolites <i>viz.</i> glutathione, ascorbate, proline, β-carotene) along with Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress parameters (polyphenol oxidase, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde) at two growth stages (vegetative and grain filling). According to results; Cr stress (2 & 4 ppm) increased its accumulation and indices of oxidative stresses significantly (<i>p≤0.05</i>) in all varieties of sorghum at both growth stages. However, soil application of glycine betaine (GB) and AMF decreased Cr accumulation and indices of oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes and metabolites activities at both growth stages in all varieties. The combination of 100mM GB with AMF was observed most significant (<i>p≤0.05</i>) in decreasing oxidative stress and improved the antioxidant system's activities. The SSG 59-3 cultivar showed the lowest Cr accumulation indices of oxidative stress and highest antioxidant system's activity among these three cultivars at both growth stages. Thus, SSG 59-3 was found most tolerant cultivars followed by HJ 513 and then HJ 541. These findings suggest that both GB and AMF, either individually or combined can play a positive role to reduce oxidative stress and increased antioxidant attributes under Cr toxicity in sorghum.</p>
Root responses to neighbors depend on neighbor identity and resource distribution
<p>In a complex soil environment, competitive and environmental factors will interact with individual traits to influence a plant's root growth patterns and ability to compete for resources. Here, we examine how root growth of a focal plant, <i>Plantago lanceolata</i> L., responds to resource heterogeneity and to presence of two neighbor species, <i>Centaurea jacea</i> L.and <i>Poa pratensis</i> L. A full factorial experiment tested the effects of nutrient heterogeneity, neighbors, and their interaction on root responses of <i>Plantago</i>. Roots in shared quadrants of a pot were harvested and quantified by qPCR for plants grown alone or with a neighbor, in patchy or even soil. The effects of experimental treatments on <i>Plantago</i> root mass distribution were tested with two-way ANOVA. When soil resources were evenly distributed, <i>Plantago</i> individuals increased root allocation to soil shared with a <i>Centaurea</i> neighbor but not a <i>Poa</i> neighbor. When soil resources were patchy, <i>Plantago</i> responded more strongly to <i>Poa</i> than to <i>Centuarea</i>, and placed more roots in the high-resource patch. These results demonstrate that plants can respond differently to neighbors depending on species and that integrating multiple cues results in non-additive effects on root behavior.</p>
Influence of temperature and salinity on the cellular stress response and energy reserves of Hediste diversicolor.
<p>Raw data on survival rates, wet weight, cellular stress response, oxidative stress and energy reserves of the ragworm Hediste diversicolor collected at Ria de Aveiro (Portugal) and subjected to a combination of different temperatures (24, 27 and 30 ºC) and salinities (20 and 30) over time (14 and 28 days). The biomarkers analysed include: heat shock protein 70 kDa, total ubiquitin, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, total antioxidant capacity, lipid peroxidation, glucose, glycogen, total protein and total lipids.</p>
Interactive effects of ZnO nanoparticles and temperature on molecular and cellular stress responses of the blue mussel Mytilus edulis
<p>We investigate the molecular and cellular stress responses of tissues (gills and digestive glands) in the mussels <em>Mytilus edulis </em>exposed for 21 days to either ambient (10 °C in winter and 15 °C in summer) or elevated (by 5 °C) temperature combined with different concentrations (0, 10, 100 µg l<sup>-1</sup>) of ZnO nanoparticles or dissolved zinc. In this data set, we used a biomarker-based approach focusing on oxidative stress indicators ( lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyls) and transcription pattern of marker genes in the pathways related to cell survival and proliferation (caspase 3, Bcl-2, p53, p38 and JNK) and inflammation (COX, NF-κB, and TGF-β) of <em>M. edulis</em>. </p>
Predation, functional response and demographic parameters of Orius albidipennis (Hemiptera:Anthocoridae) on Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera:Aphididae): effect of host plant morphological attributes
<p>Plant attributes like leaf hairiness and trichome compactness diversely affect the biocontrol agents of phytophagous insect pests. In the current study, effect of physical plant features on life table characteristics and functional response of <em>Orius albidipennis </em>(Rueter) females feeding on <em>Schizaphis graminum </em>(Rondani) was investigated on two common wheat cultivars (Falat and Pishtaz) differing in leaf morphological features. The trichome density of wheat cultivars considerably influenced a broad spectrum of attributes related to the performance of <em>O. albidipennis</em>. The intrinsic rate of increase (<em>rm</em>) was significantly greater on Falat (0.09±0.006) than on Pishtaz (0.06±0.008) cultivar. Similarly, the net reproductive rate and finite rate of increase were greater on Falat (16.72±3.38 and 1.083±7.54) than on Pishtaz (8.08±2.04 and 1.067±9.49). Although <em>Orius </em>predators exhibited type III of functional response on both wheat cultivars, they had lesser searching efficiencies and higher handling times on Pishtaz than those on Falat cultivar. Moreover, the maximum attack rate (<em>T</em>/<em>Th</em>) was greater on Falat than on Pishtaz. Lesser maximum predation and greater handling time of the <em>Orius </em>predators on Pishtaz cultivar might be imputed to the significantly more condensed surface trichomes of its leaves than that of Falat leaves, which physically prevented movement of the <em>Orius </em>bugs and decreased prey encounter rate. Moreover, increase of trichome density negatively influenced on foraging behavior of the predatory bug. Females were also found to prefer wheat leaves with fewer trichomes as oviposition hosts. It seems that trichomes provided hinderance to the <em>orius </em>bug. To recapitulate, it could be stated that the efficiency of <em>O. albidipennis </em>in controlling <em>S. graminum </em>on wheat may be more beneficial in cultivars with lower trichome density.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.